初中英語閱讀理解技巧(方法+例題)

1、整理ppt1英語閱讀技巧整理ppt2閱讀理解閱讀理解Reading Skills 細節(jié)理解和判斷細節(jié)理解和判斷 推測詞語意義推測詞語意義 推斷深層含義推斷深層含義 理解主旨大意理解主旨大意 理解作者意圖觀點態(tài)度理解作者意圖觀點態(tài)度整理ppt3一、細節(jié)理解和判斷一、細節(jié)理解和判斷細節(jié)題主要考查學(xué)生對文章重要細節(jié)、信息的綜合理解能細節(jié)題主要考查學(xué)生對文章重要細節(jié)、信息的綜合理解能力以及推理判斷能力等。細節(jié)題大多可以直接或間接地從力以及推理判斷能力等。細節(jié)題大多可以直接或間接地從文章中找到答案。文章中找到答案。Which of the following statements is true (no

2、t true)?In the passage, which of the following is mentioned?All the following statements are true except _.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.以及以及where, how, who, why, how long等引導(dǎo)的特殊等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句要求判斷細節(jié)。疑問句要求判斷細節(jié)。閱讀理解閱讀理解整理ppt4二、推測詞語意義二、推測詞語意義推測詞語意義是指在閱讀過程中根據(jù)對語篇提供的信息、推測詞語意義是指在閱讀過程中

3、根據(jù)對語篇提供的信息、邏輯、背景知識及語言結(jié)構(gòu)等的綜合理解去猜測或推斷某邏輯、背景知識及語言結(jié)構(gòu)等的綜合理解去猜測或推斷某一生詞、關(guān)鍵詞或短語的詞義。提高這種技巧可以使我們一生詞、關(guān)鍵詞或短語的詞義。提高這種技巧可以使我們在閱讀過程中能很快通過上下文提供的線索或生詞本身的在閱讀過程中能很快通過上下文提供的線索或生詞本身的結(jié)構(gòu)特點推斷出詞義來，從而提高閱讀速度和閱讀能力。結(jié)構(gòu)特點推斷出詞義來，從而提高閱讀速度和閱讀能力。1.What does the underlined word “.” mean?2. By saying “.” ，the writer means _.3. The mean

4、ing of the word is _. 4. The underlined word “.” probably means _.5. The word “.” refers to _. 6. The underlined word “.” can be replaced by _.7. Which is the following is the closet in meaning to the word?閱讀理解閱讀理解整理ppt5三、推斷深層含義三、推斷深層含義 推斷深層含義主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信推斷深層含義主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息，推斷出未知信息或深層含義的

5、能力。要求考生把已有息，推斷出未知信息或深層含義的能力。要求考生把已有的信息作為已知條件，從中推斷出符合因果關(guān)系變化的未的信息作為已知條件，從中推斷出符合因果關(guān)系變化的未知結(jié)論。既理解字面意思，更要理解文章的深層含義甚至知結(jié)論。既理解字面意思，更要理解文章的深層含義甚至包括作者意圖等，分清哪些是事實，哪些是推理。包括作者意圖等，分清哪些是事實，哪些是推理。記?。号袛嘤袚?jù)，推理有理，忠于原文，切忌片面。記?。号袛嘤袚?jù)，推理有理，忠于原文，切忌片面。 We can infer from the passage that _.2. The writer suggests that _.3. From

6、 the passage (story), we can learn that _.4. What does the writer mean by saying ?5. We may conclude from the passage that _.閱讀理解閱讀理解整理ppt6四、理解主旨大意四、理解主旨大意理解主旨大意題主要是測試學(xué)生對一篇文章或一段文字的理解主旨大意題主要是測試學(xué)生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準確把握文章大意的能力，一般深層理解程度及在速讀中準確把握文章大意的能力，一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題或目的設(shè)題。針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題或目的設(shè)題。 The

7、passage / article is mainly about _.2. The main idea of the passage is _.3. What topic is discussed in the passage ?4. From the passage we know / learn that _.5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?6. The title of this passage could be _.閱讀理解閱讀理解整理ppt7解答這類題目時，最直接、最有效的方法是通過快速瀏解答這類

8、題目時，最直接、最有效的方法是通過快速瀏覽，找出每個段落的覽，找出每個段落的主題句主題句。一般來說，主題句通常是一。一般來說，主題句通常是一段中的第一句或最后一句，有時也會出現(xiàn)在段落中間。有段中的第一句或最后一句，有時也會出現(xiàn)在段落中間。有時文中沒有直接出現(xiàn)主題句，而需要我們總結(jié)。此時應(yīng)該時文中沒有直接出現(xiàn)主題句，而需要我們總結(jié)。此時應(yīng)該注意每一段的注意每一段的中心句中心句，把這些中心句的意思總結(jié)起來就是，把這些中心句的意思總結(jié)起來就是文章大意。文章大意。閱讀理解閱讀理解整理ppt8五、理解作者意圖觀點態(tài)度五、理解作者意圖觀點態(tài)度一篇文章不可避免地反映作者的觀點和情緒，作者期望讀一篇文章不可避

9、免地反映作者的觀點和情緒，作者期望讀者能夠通過文章字面意思，真正領(lǐng)悟其言外之意，如作者能夠通過文章字面意思，真正領(lǐng)悟其言外之意，如作者的態(tài)度或?qū)懽饕鈭D以及隱喻等者的態(tài)度或?qū)懽饕鈭D以及隱喻等 The writers purpose in writing this story is _. 2. In the writers opinion, should _.3. When the writer says , he means _.4. The writers attitude toward. is _.5. Which of the following best describes how th

10、e writer feels about _?6. The author would agree that _.7. The writer mainly wants to tell us _. （中考題（中考題57題）題）推測作者的寫作目的，必須首先了解文章的主題，然后分推測作者的寫作目的，必須首先了解文章的主題，然后分析作者的論述方法、論述的重點和材料的安排。析作者的論述方法、論述的重點和材料的安排。閱讀理解閱讀理解整理ppt9五、理解作者意圖觀點態(tài)度五、理解作者意圖觀點態(tài)度The writer uses blood type A and B as an example to explain

11、 _.（中考題（中考題57題）題）推測作者的寫作目的，必須首先了解文章的主題，然后分推測作者的寫作目的，必須首先了解文章的主題，然后分析作者的論述方法、論述的重點和材料的安排。析作者的論述方法、論述的重點和材料的安排。閱讀理解閱讀理解整理ppt10 1.如何捕捉大意？命題思路，題目中會有the main point/main idea/ best title 等等。 讀首句/段抓大意 Eg. Today Newtown is a very clean place. But many years ago, there were millions of rats in Newtown. They

12、attacked the cats and dogs. Sometimes a lot of them knocked down a man or woman walking home at night. The rats were very big in size and they hurt many people. Question: Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. How to Kill Rats B. Newtown-City of Rats C. How Newtown People Beca

13、me Rich D. How Newtown Became a Very Clean City.D整理ppt11 (2) 讀尾句/段抓大意 Eg. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller-skater. He rolled on and on. Suddenly he ran into a

14、 huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time. Question: What is the main point the writer is trying to make in this paragraph? A. The roller skates needed further improvement B. The party guests took Merlin

15、for a fool. C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation. D. Merlin got himself into trouble.C整理ppt12 (3) 從段落中抓大意 Eg. Now satellites are helping to forecast the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries can receive s

16、atellite picturesSo the weather satellites are of a great help to the scientists at the station. In the past they could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours earlier. Now they can make good forecasts for 3 or 5 days. Question：The main idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in_.

17、 A. taking pictures of the atmosphere B. many ways C. receiving pictures of the atmosphere D. weather forecastingD整理ppt13 2. 如何搜索文章細節(jié) (1) 直接對號入座 Eg. At the same time after the age of ten, at eleven or twelve, boys and girls bodies start changing. This time of change is called puberty Question: Accor

18、ding to the text the changes in puberty start at the age of _. A. 8 or 9B. 11 or 12C. 15 or 16D. 17 or 18 (2) 同義/反義詞轉(zhuǎn)換 Eg. From 1262 to 1944 Iceland was ruled first by Norway and then by Denmark. Question: How many years did Norway and Denmark ruled Iceland? A. 700B. 682C. 388D. 1070 Eg. Kuming has

19、a population of more than 5,000,000. Question: Whats the population of Kuming? A. Over five millionB. Over five thousand C. Over five billionD. Over five hundredBBA整理ppt14 (3) 短語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 Canada Geese are large blue and white birds. When autumn arrives, they have to fly south where the weather is warmer

20、. Question: Canada Geese have to fly south _. A. in springB. before autumn C. in winterD. after summer (4) 概括歸納 Eg. Students sit in the classroom listening to the teacher. This is a way of learning. Is this the only way for students to learn something? Of course not. Question: Listening to the teach

21、er is _ for students to learn something. A. not a wayB. the best way C. the only wayD. not the only wayDD整理ppt15 3. 猜測詞義的技巧 (1) 根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義 Eg1. I had walked two kilometers before I found a phone-box and eventually I was able to get a garage to send someone to give some help. Question: The world “even

22、tually” means _. A. right awayB. at last C. with difficultyD. unhappily Eg2: Most telephone hot lines are completely anonymous-callers dont have to say their names or telephone numbers. Question: The word “ anonymous” probably means _. A. with a nameB. without a name C. free of chargeD. interestingB

23、B整理ppt16 (2) 根據(jù)同義詞，反義詞猜測詞義 One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is, you can take something positive out of it. Question: The work “ positive” in the passage probably means _. A. terribleB. badC. goodD. realC整理ppt17 (3) 根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義 Every December in London, the Natio

24、nal Cage and Aviary Bird Show tires to find the best “ talking” bird in the world. One bird named Prudle stood out among the “ talking birds”. She won this prize for 12 years form 1965 to 1976. Question: What does the word “stand out” mean in this passage? A站起來B. 飛起來 C. 脫穎而出D.取出來C整理ppt18 （4）根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)

25、系猜測詞義 Eg. Man can only drink or use the other 3% of the fresh water which comes from rivers, lakes an underground. On the other hand, because the number of people in the world is becoming larger and larger, more and more fresh water is needed. So water shortage becomes a big problem. Question: The w

26、ord “shortage” in this passage means_. A. being enoughB. being short of C. being short forD. being lessB整理ppt19 (5) 根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗猜測詞義 For example, two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and augment body heat. All this makes your heart beat faster, and doctors warn that this may be a little dangero

27、us. Question: The world “ augment” means_. A. increaseB. drink C. stopD. make lessA整理ppt20 4. 推斷隱含含義 (1) 推斷數(shù)據(jù) Eg: “ How much is the tomato soup” Paul asked. Six dollars, “ the waiter said. “ Its very good.” “ How much is the duck with orange?” Paul asked next. “ Fifteen dollars,” the waiter said. “

28、How much is the chocolate ice cream?” “ Six dollars” the waiter said. Paul added it up quickly. Six plus fifteen plus six is twenty-seven. He thought he could have the duck and the soup, or the duck and the ice cream.” Ill have the duck and the chocolate ice cream, please.” He said to the waiter. Question: How much did Pauls meal cost? A. $21B. $24 C. $25D. 527A整理ppt21 （2）推斷隱含句義 Eg. We are all busy talking about and using the Internet, but how many of us know the history of the Internet? The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of peoples life. Question: What can