CMMI L3 項目經(jīng)理訪談問題及答案

1、CMMI L3 工程經(jīng)理訪談問題及答案1. Would you please describe the inputs you consider to support your Project Planning estimation? 請你描述一下支持工程方案估算的輸入有哪些。Listen Fors:· Project requirements including:- Product requirements- Requirements imposed by the organization- Requirements imposed by the customer- Other re

2、quirements that impact the project· Scope of the project· Identified tasks and work products· Technical approach· Size and complexity of the work products and tasks· Selected product life-cycle model· Models or historical data for converting the attributes into labor ho

3、urs and costs · Methodology used to determine needed materials, skills, labor hours and cost工程要求包括：-產(chǎn)品要求-組織需求-要求的客戶-影響工程的其它需求工程范圍確定的任務(wù)和工作產(chǎn)品技術(shù)方法規(guī)模和復雜性的工作產(chǎn)品和任務(wù)選定的產(chǎn)品生命周期模型模型或歷史數(shù)據(jù)屬性轉(zhuǎn)換成工時和本錢方法來確定所需的材料，技能，勞動時間和本錢2. Would you please describe the contents of your Work Breakdown Structure that you devel

4、op to identify and organize (“work packages) 請你描述一下WBS分解的內(nèi)容工作包。 Typical Contents of a WBS Scope of the work based on the requirements- technical goals and objectives- identification of customers and end users- imposed standards- cost and schedule constraints and goals- dependencies between the proje

5、ct and other organizations- resource constraints- other constraints for development or maintenance Identified risks Breakdown of activities:- Development activities- Activities to acquire required skills and knowledge- Activities for integration and life-cycle management of non-developmental items -

6、 Supporting activities and associated plans Configuration Management, Quality Assurance, Testing Supplier Management, Project Management Work products:- Deliverables- Non-deliverable work products- Work products that will be externally acquired- Work products that will be reused- Non-developmental w

7、ork products that will be integrated- Work products that will be placed under configuration management control · Required knowledge and skills 典型的內(nèi)容，工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)工作范圍要求的根底上，技術(shù)的目的和目標識別客戶和最終用戶征收標準本錢和進度的限制和目標之間的依賴工程和其他組織資源的限制-限制開展或維持確定風險擊穿的活動：開展活動，活動獲得所需的技能和知識活動的整合和生命周期管理的非工程支持活動和相關(guān)方案配置管理，質(zhì)量保證，測試供給商管理，工程

8、管理工作產(chǎn)品：-交付-無本金交割工作產(chǎn)品，將工作產(chǎn)品從外部獲得-將會重用的工作產(chǎn)品-非工作產(chǎn)品將被整合工作產(chǎn)品，納入配置管理控制·所需的知識和技能 3. Would you please describe how you estimate size and complexity of your products and product components? 請你描述一下如何估算規(guī)模、產(chǎn)品復雜性以及產(chǎn)品組件。Listen Fors:· Software Engineering Size and complexity· Examples:- Function Poi

9、nts- Lines of code- Number of classes and objects- Number of pages of documentation- Number of requirements · Systems Engineering - Size and complexity· Examples:- Number of functions- Number of inputs and outputs- Data volume- Number and frequency of user interactions- Number of interface

10、s · Hardware Engineering Size and Complexity· Examples- Number of logic gates for integrated circuit design- Number of parts (e.g., printed circuit boards, components, mechanical parts- Physical constraints (e.g., weight and volume) · Other Considerations:- Labor, machinery, materials

11、, methods · Methods for determining size and complexity should be based on validated models or historical data 軟件工程規(guī)模和復雜性例子：功能點-行代碼-類和對象數(shù)-多頁文件數(shù)量要求系統(tǒng)工程的規(guī)模和復雜性例子：-多功能-輸入和輸出數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)量數(shù)量和頻率的用戶交互數(shù)字接口硬件工程規(guī)模和復雜性例子數(shù)字邏輯集成電路設(shè)計的大門-零件數(shù)量例如，印刷電路板，元器件，機械零部件-物理因素例如，重量和體積其他考慮：勞動，機器，材料，方法方法確定的規(guī)模和復雜性，應(yīng)根據(jù)驗證的模型或歷史數(shù)據(jù) 4. W

12、ould you please describe the project/product lifecycle followed on your project?請你描述一下你的工程/產(chǎn)品生命周期。Listen Fors:· Software Engineering - Examples- Waterfall- Overlapping Waterfall- Spiral- V-Model- Incremental- Evolutionary· Systems Engineering Example SE LC Phases- Concept exploration- Deve

13、lopment- Production- Operations- Disposal· Do you use subphase descriptions?- Requirements Analysis- Design- Fabrication- Integration- Verification· Do you utilize intermediate phases for activities such as: - Creation of prototypes- Increments of capability- Spiral model cycles or Rapid A

14、pplication Development cycles - Simulation- Emulation- Comparison軟件工程實例瀑布重疊瀑布-螺旋- V模型增量-進化系統(tǒng)工程例硒液晶相-概念的探索-開展-生產(chǎn)-業(yè)務(wù)-處理你使用亞描述？-需求分析設(shè)計-制造-集成-核查你利用中間階段活動等：-建立原型-增加能力螺旋模型周期或快速應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)周期模擬-仿真-比擬5. Would you please describe how the estimates of effort and cost are determined on your project? 請你描述一下如何進行工程的工作量

15、估算和本錢估算。Listen Fors:· Is it based on the estimated size and complexity? · Based on historical data from previously executed projects and/or Models for converting the attributes into labor hours and costs?· Uses appropriate “scaling data to account for differing sizes and complexity? &

16、#183; Has the estimation rationale been documented?· Has the necessary supporting infrastructure needs been included when estimating cost and schedule?- Critical computer resources- Memory, disk, and network capacity- Communications channel capacity- Software Test computers and peripherals- Pro

17、duct integration environments- VER and VAL test environments · Do inputs for effort and cost estimation include items such as :- Risks- Critical competencies and roles needed to perform the work- Product and product component requirements- Work breakdown structure- Costs of externally acquired

18、work products- Knowledge and skills training, mentoring, and coaching needs- Selected life-cycle- Capability of tools in the engineering environment- Engineering facilities needed- Travel required- Level of security required- Capability of manufacturing processes 它是根據(jù)估計的規(guī)模和復雜性？根據(jù)歷史數(shù)據(jù)從先前執(zhí)行的工程和/或模型屬性轉(zhuǎn)

19、換成工時和本錢？使用適當?shù)摹俺叨鹊臄?shù)據(jù)考慮到不同規(guī)模和復雜性？已估計理由記錄在案？擁有必要的配套根底設(shè)施的需求包括在估算本錢和進度？關(guān)鍵計算機資源內(nèi)存，硬盤，網(wǎng)絡(luò)容量通信的信道容量軟件測試計算機及外圍設(shè)備產(chǎn)品集成環(huán)境-查看和測試環(huán)境做投入精力和本錢估算的工程包括如：-風險-關(guān)鍵的能力和作用，需要執(zhí)行的工作產(chǎn)品和產(chǎn)品組件需求工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)本錢外部需要的工作產(chǎn)品知識和技能培訓，輔導，輔導需要-選定的生命周期性能工具在工程環(huán)境-所需工程設(shè)施旅行需要-平安等級要求制造過程能力 6. Would you please describe how the projects budget and schedul

20、e areestablished and maintained? 請你描述一下如何建立并維護工程預算和工程進度。 Listen Fors: · Based on the size and complexity estimation基于規(guī)模和復雜度估計 · Are major milestones of appropriate separation identified?主要的里程碑識別出了嗎？ · Are all task dependencies identified and documented? (Critical Path Method(CPM) Prog

21、ram Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) · Historical data used to verify the schedule?歷史數(shù)據(jù)用到進程里 · Are criteria established for determining what constitutes a “significant deviation from the project plan? (Subpractice 6)重大偏差的標準是什么？ 7. Would you please describe how risks are identified or

22、 discovered to supportproject planning 請你描述一下為了支持工程方案，你如何識別或發(fā)現(xiàn)風險。 Listen Fors:· Are risks analyzed to determine the probability of occurrence, impact, and time-frame in which they are likely to occur? · Are the risks prioritized? · Are risks revised as appropriate throughout the proje

23、ct lifecycle? 風險發(fā)生的概率分析確定，影響，和時限，在有可能發(fā)生嗎？是風險優(yōu)先？風險酌情修訂的整個工程生命周期？ 8. What data is identified to be managed and controlled by the project and for the project? Would you please describe the projects plan to manage all necessary project data? Who controls the data and makes it understandable for the proj

24、ect?工程中識別出哪些數(shù)據(jù)來管理和控制工程？請你描述一下用來管理所有工程數(shù)據(jù)的項方案。誰控制這些數(shù)據(jù)，并讓工程數(shù)據(jù)讓大家理解。Listen Fors:Data· Recorded information, regardless of the form or method of recording, including: - Administration- Engineering- Configuration management- Financial information- Management information- Logistics- Quality- Safety- M

25、anufacturing- Procurement- Technical data, Computer software documents- Representation of facts- Numbers or datum of any nature that can be communicated, stored, and processed · Is the reason for collecting each type of data clear to the members of the project team? · What are the requirem

26、ents and procedures to ensure privacy and security of the data? · Data may include many different forms:- Reports- Manuals- Engineering notebooks- Charts- Drawings- Specifications- Correspondence- Emails- Minutes of Meetings (MOMs)- Security requirements 數(shù)據(jù)記錄的信息，無論形式或記錄的方法，包括：-管理-工程配置管理財務(wù)信息管理信息

27、物流-質(zhì)量-平安-制造業(yè)-采購技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)，計算機軟件文檔代表事實-或任何性質(zhì)的數(shù)據(jù)可傳送，存儲，處理的原因是收集各種數(shù)據(jù)類型明確的工程團隊成員？有什么要求和程序，確保數(shù)據(jù)的隱私和平安的？數(shù)據(jù)可能包括許多不同的形式：-報告-手冊工程筆記本-排行榜圖紙-規(guī)格-通信-電子郵件-會議紀要媽媽-平安要求 9. Would you please describe how your projects resources are defined? 請你描述一下工程資源是如何定義的。 Listen Fors: · Top-level WBS is further decomposed into work

28、 packages that can be assigned, performed, and tracked · Project resource definition includes labor, machinery/equipment, materials, methods and their required quantities · Facilities, equipment and component requirements · Long-lead time item · Staffing requirements defined 頂級工程

29、的進一步分解成工作包可以被分配，進行跟蹤，并工程資源的定義包括勞動，機器設(shè)備，材料，方法和所需數(shù)量設(shè)施，設(shè)備和部件的要求待發(fā)時間工程人員需求定義10. Would you please describe how the knowledge and skills needs are identified and satisfied on your project? 請你描述一下工程所需的知識和技能是如何識別并滿足工程需求的。Listen Fors:· Knowledge and skills needs are identified based on organization and

30、project records?· Available knowledge and skills is assessed?· Human Resources department is consulted to determine the availability and appropriateness of internal training?· Mechanisms believed to be helpful to solve the knowledge and skills gap are implemented?- Training (Internal

31、and External)- Mentoring- Coaching- On-the-job application of learned skills 知識與技能需求的根底上確定的組織和工程的記錄？現(xiàn)有的知識和技能進行評估？人力資源部門協(xié)商確定的可用性和適宜的內(nèi)部培訓？機制被認為有助于解決知識和技能方面的差距是？-培訓內(nèi)部和外部指導教練-在職的經(jīng)驗教訓的應(yīng)用技能 11. Would you please describe the set of or all relevant stakeholders needed to support your project throughout its

32、product lifecycle? 請你描述一下工程整個生命周期中所需的相關(guān)干系人。Stakeholders are those who can most affect the project and its products and those who can be affected by it.Listen Fors:· Stakeholders are identified from all phases of the product lifecycle by identifying the type of people and functions needing repre

33、sentation in the project· The relevance and degree of interaction for each stakeholder is recorded· Stakeholders include:- Senior Managers, Project functional managers (e.g., Sys Engineering, S/W Engineering, Mech Engineering, Financial managers, Customers and end users, Subcontractors /su

34、ppliers, Project members, Regulatory agencies, Independent Test, Quality Assurance,Configuration Management· The plan for stakeholder interaction should include the following:- List of all relevant stakeholders- Rationale for stakeholder involvement- Roles and responsibilities per life-cycle ph

35、ase- Relationships between stakeholders- Relative importance of the stakeholder to project success by project phase- Schedule for phasing of stakeholder interaction 利益相關(guān)者確定從各個階段的產(chǎn)品生命周期的識別的類型和功能需要代表性工程相關(guān)性和相互作用的程度為每個利益相關(guān)者的記錄利益相關(guān)者包括：高級經(jīng)理，工程經(jīng)理如功能，系統(tǒng)工程，機械工程/瓦特，工程，財務(wù)管理，客戶和最終用戶/供給商，分包商，工程成員，監(jiān)管機構(gòu)，獨立的測試，質(zhì)量保證

36、，配置管理關(guān)鍵人員互動方案應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：所有相關(guān)的利益有關(guān)者名單-理由，利益相關(guān)者的參與每個生命周期階段的角色及職責-利益相關(guān)者之間的關(guān)系相對重要性的利益相關(guān)者對工程成功的工程階段逐步利益相關(guān)者的互動 12. Would you please describe the project plan? 請你描述一下工程方案。 Project plan addresses all relevant planning items necessary to achieve the mutual understanding, commitment, and performance of individua

37、ls, groups, and organizations that mustexecute or support the plans. Listen Fors: · Project Plan typically contains: - Schedules based on technical activities and their dependencies - Technical and management tasks - Milestones - Risks - Stakeholders - Criticality requirements including security - Required resources including: Ø Tools Ø Facilities Ø Environment Ø Staffing Ø Knowledge and skills Ø Infrastructure description Ø O