冠詞和方位介詞的講解

1、冠詞(a,an,the , 方位介詞的用法I 、冠詞分為不定冠詞(a, an ,定冠詞(the ,和零冠詞。一、不定冠詞(a/an的用法:a 用于輔音前; an 用于元音前。請(qǐng)注意以下 2點(diǎn):1. 拼寫以輔音字母開頭讀音卻以元音開頭的單詞 hour'n , honest, honor 等單詞的拼寫雖然 以輔音字母 h 開頭,但其讀音卻以元音開頭,因此,前面要用等單詞的拼寫雖然以輔音字母 an ?？墒煊浵旅孢@句話:An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task. (一小時(shí)前,一位誠 實(shí)的人接受了一項(xiàng)光榮的任務(wù)。2. 拼寫以元音字

2、母開頭讀音卻以輔音開頭的單詞 useful 'ju:sful, university, usual, European, united, one-eyed'wn'aid, one-way 等單詞的拼寫雖然以元音字母開頭,但其讀音卻以元音開頭,因此,前面要用 a 等單詞的拼寫雖然以元音字母開頭,但其讀音卻以輔音開頭?？墒煊浵旅孢@句話:In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing. (在一所大學(xué)

3、里,有一個(gè)歐洲人和一個(gè)獨(dú)眼龍拿著有用的 冠詞 a, an兩種帽,單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要;選帽只要聽讀音,不看字母能做到;元音因素來開頭,一定需要選 an 帽;輔音因素帶 a 帽,記住規(guī)律莫亂套。 1 特指雙方熟悉,上文已經(jīng)提及;世上獨(dú)一無二,方位西洋樂器;某些專有名詞,外加復(fù)數(shù)姓氏;序數(shù)詞最高級(jí),習(xí)慣用語要特記。 下列情況應(yīng)免冠,代詞限定名詞前;專有名詞不可數(shù),學(xué)科球類三餐飯;復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,兩節(jié)星期月份前;顏色語種和國名,稱呼習(xí)語及頭銜。注意:當(dāng) school, church, market, bed等表示 “ 處所 ” 的名詞指的不是具體的地點(diǎn)時(shí), 前面通常不用加冠 詞,表目的go to scho

4、ol去上學(xué) go to bed 去睡覺 go to church 去做禮拜 in hospital 住院in bed 生病臥床當(dāng)加上定冠詞 the, 意義就又不一樣了go to the school 到學(xué)校去 go to the bed 到床邊去 go to the church 去教堂 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院 in the bed 睡在床上常見的這類名詞有:bed , university , sea , class , school , hospital, home, town, market等。 三、課堂針對(duì)訓(xùn)練1. 冠詞的針對(duì)訓(xùn)練2填入適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~1.we'll

5、make _ card for our English teacher.2. The bus is running about seventy miles_ hour.3. Mary is interested in _ science.4. Some people don't like to talk at _ table.5. Last night I went to_ bed very late.6. Don't worry. We still have _ little time left.7. What _ beautiful day! And what _ fine

6、 weather!8. In _ winter it is cold in _ Beijing and warm in _Shanghai.9. John is_ cleverest boy in his class.10. We can't live without _ water or _ air.II 、 方位介詞: 3 一、用 in 表時(shí)間的場(chǎng)合(1表示 “ 在某年 /月 /季節(jié) ” 這個(gè)含義時(shí),須用介詞 in 。例如:She came to this city in 1980.他于 1980年來到這個(gè)城市。It often rains here in summer.夏天這里常

7、常下雨。(2表示 “ 從現(xiàn)在起一段時(shí)間以后 ” 時(shí),須用介詞 in 。例如:They will go to see you in a week.他們將在一周后去看望你。I will be back in a month.我將在一個(gè)月后回來。(3表示 “ 在某世紀(jì) ” 時(shí),須用介詞 in. 例如 :This machine was invented in the eighteenth century.這臺(tái)機(jī)器是在 18世紀(jì)發(fā)明的 .Great changes took place in the twenty-first century.21世紀(jì)發(fā)生了巨大變化 .4(4表示 “ 在某年代或特定世紀(jì)

8、某年代 ” 時(shí),須用介詞 in 。例如:This incident happened in the 1970's.該事件發(fā)生在 20世紀(jì) 70年代。The Anti-Japanese War broke out in the 1930's.抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)于 20世紀(jì) 30年代。除此之外, morning / evening / afternoon 三個(gè)詞也常跟介詞 in 連用。例如:Don't watch TV too much in the evening.晚上看電視不要太多。They sometimes play games in the afternoon.他們有時(shí)

9、在下午做游戲。二、用 on 表時(shí)間的場(chǎng)合(1表示 “ 在具體的某一天 ” 或 “ (在具體的某一天的早上、中午、晚上 ” 等,須用介詞 on 。 例如:Jack was born on May 10th,1982. 杰克生于 1982年 5月 10日。They left on a rainy morning.他們是在一個(gè)雨天的早上離開的。He went back to America on a summer afternoon.他于一個(gè)夏天的下午返回了美國。(2表示 “ 在星期幾 ” 或 “ 在星期幾的早上、中午、晚上 ” 等,須用介詞 on 。例如:We don't go to sc

10、hool on Saturday and Sunday.我們星期六和星期天不上學(xué)。What time do you get up on weekdays? 你在平日什么時(shí)候起床?I heard this story on Saturday morning.我是在星期六的早晨聽到這個(gè)故事的。(3表示 “ 在某一節(jié)日 ” 時(shí),須用介詞 on 。例如:We usually eat mooncakes on Mid-autumn Festival.我們通常在中秋節(jié)吃月餅。Mr Hu received a card on Teachers' Day.胡老師在教師節(jié)那天收到了一張卡片。注意:當(dāng) m

11、orning,evening,afternoon 被 of 短語修飾,習(xí)慣上用 in, 而不用 on. 例如:in the early morning of September 10th 在 9月 10的清晨;in the late afternoon of September 12th 在 9月 12日的傍晚。三 用 at 表時(shí)間的場(chǎng)合(1時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻等。如:They came home at sunrise (at noon, at midnight, at ten oclock, at daybreak, at dawn .(2較短暫的一段時(shí)間?？芍改硞€(gè)節(jié)日或被認(rèn)為是一年中標(biāo)志大事的

12、日子。如:He went home at Christmas (at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night .注意:一、 at , in , on 的區(qū)別1. at表示地點(diǎn):(1用于指較小的地方。如:I shall wait for you at the station.(2用于門牌號(hào)碼前。如:He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road.2. in表示地點(diǎn):(1用于指較大的地方。如:He lives in Shanghai.(2雖然是很小的地方,如果說話人住在那里,也可用 in 。商店、學(xué)校、機(jī)關(guān)等,若看作 一個(gè)地點(diǎn)(point

13、 用 at ,若看作一個(gè)場(chǎng)所(place 用 in 。如:I met him at the post-office.Im now working in the post-office.3. on表示地點(diǎn),一般指與面或線接觸,意為 “ 在 上;在 旁 ” 。如:The picture was hanging on the wall.New York is on the Hudson Rive二. above, over, on, up表示 “ 在 上 ” 之間的區(qū)別1. above指 “ 上方 ” , 表示相對(duì)高度, 不一定在正上方, 其反義詞為 below 。 如:Were flying ab

14、ove the clouds.2. over指 “ 在 正上方 ” ,表示垂直上方,其反義詞為 under 。如:The bridge is over the5river. 3. on 表示“在上面”，與物體表面接觸，與 beneath 相對(duì)。如： There is a map on the wall. The earth felt soft beneath our feet. 4. up 表示動(dòng)作的方向往上，反義詞為 down。如： Please hang the picture up. 三across 與 through 的區(qū)別 across 是介詞，有“橫跨，橫穿，穿越”之意。acros

15、s 與 go/walk 等動(dòng)詞連用表示“穿過，越過， 橫穿”的意思。 cross 基本同義， 與 也是表示從物體表面經(jīng)過。 The Great Green Wall is across 如， the northwest of China.綠色長(zhǎng)城橫跨中國西北。Go across the road , you will find the post office on your left.橫過這條公路，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)郵局就在你的左邊。 through 是介詞，“在.之中，透過”的意思，常與 go,walk 等動(dòng)詞連用，表示“穿越，橫穿”等意 思。 主要表示從物體內(nèi)部穿過。 如穿過森林、 隧洞等。 例句，

16、 two friends were walking through The the forest.這兩個(gè)朋友正沿著森林走。The sunlight comes through the glass.陽光透過玻璃。 2.方位介詞的針對(duì)訓(xùn)練 選擇填空 ( 1. Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on ( 2 _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street. A. In B. On C. At D. For

17、 ( 3 .A lot of students in our school were born_March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since ( 4 .he suddenly returned_ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during ( 5. The train is starting_five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D.still ( 6 .Is the street too narrow for the bus to go _? A. through B. across C.

18、 on D. in ( 7. Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on ( 8. A mother camel was walking _ her son _ the desert. A. without; along B. with; through C. next to; pass D. beside; through ( 9 .The river runs_ the city. A. across B. through C. over D. from ( 1

19、0. It took us over an hour to walk_ this street. A. from B. through C. over D. across 復(fù)習(xí)鞏固 一、選擇填空 1. There is _ house in the picture. There is _old woman near_house. A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an 2. He has already worked for _ hour. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填 3. Alice is fon

20、d of playing _ piano. 6 A. the B. an C. a D. 不填 4.- Where is Jack? - I think he is still in _ bed, but he might just be in _bathroom. A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. the;不填 D. 不填; the 5.When do you have _breakfast every day? A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 6.There is _ apple on the desk. A. a B .the C. an D.不填 7Gra

21、nny took one look at us her glasses A by B through C on D in 8. My brother joined the army A 1989， March B in March， 1989 C March，1989 D 1989， in March 9. People in the western countries enjoy a long holiday _ Christmas. A. at B. in D. for D. on 10. There is an accident _ the crossroads _ midnight _

22、 last night. A. atat不填 B. inatin C. onon不填 D. byonat 11. The twins got on well their classmates. A to B in C with D about 12 - When did Mr Green arrive in London? -He arrived there the evening of December 6th. A at B in C on D to 13.Mr Black will go back to England_. A .by air B .by a plane C. by tr

23、ains D. at a train 14.There is “h” in the word “hour”， but “h”doesnt make a sound. A. a ，a B. a， the C. the，an D .an， the 15.I want to try again. Please give me third chance again. A .a B. the C. an D. 不填 二. 句子改錯(cuò)。每句中有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)改正。 1. July is a seventh month of the year. 2. We wait here for half a hour.

24、3. Students often play the football after school. 4. Its an European wolf. 5. They often have a supper in a restaurant. 6. Smiths are talking happily. 7. Are you from the America? 8. Panda live in China. 9. On the Sunday we dont go to school. 10. Do you know richest man in the village? 三、閱讀理解。 Exercising is good for our health. Everyone knows that exercise is important. We all n