對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考研國際貿(mào)易學(xué)綜合試題

1、對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué) 2003 年考研國際貿(mào)易學(xué)綜合試題2022-11-19 18:24頁面功能 【字體：大 中 小】【打印】【關(guān)閉】一、填空 (每空 1.5 分，共 9 分 )1、商品的邊際替代率是指，在 ( )不變的前提下，每增加一單位的某種商品而需要減 少的另一種商品的數(shù)量。2、哈羅德認(rèn)為一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率取決于 ( )和 ( )。3、正常關(guān)稅一般是指 ( )。4、一國持有國家儲(chǔ)藏的本錢指 ( )與利息之差。5、IMF 會(huì)員國的投票權(quán)主要取決于他們的 ( )。二、判斷以下各題的表達(dá)是否正確，正確的劃勾，錯(cuò)誤的劃差。(每題 1.5分，共 9 分)1、壟斷廠商在實(shí)現(xiàn)短期均衡時(shí)，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)虧損，

2、即經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤為負(fù)。2、國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中只要有摩擦性事業(yè)或資源性事業(yè)存在，就不能說經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了充分就業(yè)。3、按照國際商會(huì)制定的? 2000 通那么?中的 D 組貿(mào)易術(shù)語成交的合同均屬于到達(dá)合同 (ArrivalContract) ，在這類合同下，賣方均無辦理貨運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)的義務(wù)。4、WTO?海關(guān)估價(jià)協(xié)議?規(guī)定了六種海關(guān)估價(jià)的方法，它們是進(jìn)口商品的成交價(jià)格、 相同商品的成交價(jià)格、類似商品的成交價(jià)格、倒扣法、計(jì)算價(jià)格法和合理方法。5、2002 年 6 月經(jīng)中國人民銀行批準(zhǔn)，渣打銀行成為首家獲準(zhǔn)向中國內(nèi)地居民和企業(yè)提 供外幣效勞的外資銀行。6、擇期是一種可以放棄合約履行的外匯業(yè)務(wù)。三、單項(xiàng)選擇題 (每題 1.5分，共

3、 6 分)1、在壟斷廠商的長期均衡產(chǎn)量上可以有：A、P>LACB、P<LACC、P 等于最小的 LACD、以上情況都可能存在2、原產(chǎn)地規(guī)那么是指：A、某一國家或地區(qū)為確定貨物生產(chǎn)過程的最后生產(chǎn)地點(diǎn)而實(shí)施的普遍適用的法律、法規(guī)及行政決定。某一國家或地區(qū)為確定貨物的國籍而實(shí)施的普遍適用的法律、法規(guī)及行政決定。某一國家或地區(qū)為確定貨物的原材料產(chǎn)地而實(shí)施的普遍適用的法律、法規(guī)及行政決某一國家或地區(qū)為確定貨物的技術(shù)來源地而實(shí)施的普遍適用的法律、法規(guī)及行政決以下有關(guān)獨(dú)家代理的說法中，正確的選項(xiàng)是：委托人在代理區(qū)域內(nèi)，還可指定其他的一般代理人 委托人要維護(hù)代理人的獨(dú)家專營權(quán)，否那么要承當(dāng)違約責(zé)任

4、。 委托人直接與代理區(qū)域內(nèi)的客戶訂立合同時(shí)，代理人不能享受傭金。 獨(dú)家代理只能用于商品買賣中，一般代理可用于其他業(yè)務(wù)。 當(dāng)以下哪種情況出現(xiàn)時(shí)，貨幣貶值有利于改善貿(mào)易收支：出口需求彈性 DX,出口供應(yīng)彈性 SX進(jìn)口需求彈性 DI,進(jìn)口供應(yīng)彈性 SIA、DX+DI>IB、DX+DI<C、SX+SI>ID、SX+SI<I四、多項(xiàng)選擇題 每題 2.5分，共 10 分1、以下哪些工程可計(jì)入 GDP：定。定。B、C、D、3、A、B、C、D、4、A、政府轉(zhuǎn)移支付B、購置一輛新的載重卡車C購置一輛新的載重卡車模型玩具D、購置一塊地產(chǎn)2、出口管制的商品主要包括：A、戰(zhàn)略物資及其有關(guān)的先進(jìn)

5、技術(shù)資料，如武器，軍事設(shè)備等B、對(duì)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)所需的原材料、半成品及國內(nèi)市場供應(yīng)缺乏的某些必需品C密集使用本國豐裕生產(chǎn)要素的產(chǎn)品D、某些重要的文物、藝術(shù)品、黃金、白銀等特殊品3、根據(jù)國際慣例，以下有關(guān)可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證的說明中，正確的選項(xiàng)是：A、可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證的受益人可以將信用證金額轉(zhuǎn)讓給一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的人使用B、可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證的轉(zhuǎn)讓以一次為限，因此只有第一和第二受益人沒有第三受益人C可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證中必須注明可轉(zhuǎn)讓 (Tra nsferable)字樣，否那么不能轉(zhuǎn)讓D、可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證的第二受益人因故不能履約時(shí)，也不能將信用證轉(zhuǎn)回給第一受益人4、套匯的主要方式有：A、兩角套匯B、三角套匯C套利D、套期保值五、簡單

6、準(zhǔn)確解釋以下名詞 (每題 4 分，共 16分)1、局部均衡和一般均衡2、時(shí)機(jī)本錢3、技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘4、根本性違約六、論述與分析題 (第1題10分，第 2、3題各15分，第 4題10分，共 50分)1、國際儲(chǔ)藏管理的原那么和內(nèi)容是什么？2、如何理解經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化條件下各國貿(mào)易政策的競爭與協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系。3、 假定某一化工廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品需求函數(shù)為：P=600-2Q,本錢函數(shù)為 CP=3QA2-400Q+40000(1) 求利潤最大時(shí)的產(chǎn)量、價(jià)格和利潤(2) 假設(shè)由于外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)(環(huán)境污染)使社會(huì)受到損失從而使社會(huì)本錢函數(shù)為CS=4.25QA2-400Q+40000試求帕累托最優(yōu)的產(chǎn)量和價(jià)格應(yīng)為多少：(3) 簡單

7、說明外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)資源配置效率的影響，政府應(yīng)該相應(yīng)采取什么措施解決外部 不經(jīng)濟(jì)問題？4、某年 9 月中旬， A 公司有一機(jī)器設(shè)備要出售，向國外某客戶 B 公司發(fā)盤。發(fā)盤中介紹了設(shè)備情況，報(bào)了價(jià)格，并規(guī)定發(fā)盤有效期為 9 月底之前。 B 公司研究了發(fā)盤條件，認(rèn)為 可以接受，但沒有向發(fā)盤人表示接受的意向，而是派代理人直接到A 公司所在地辦理購置手續(xù)并安排接運(yùn)設(shè)備事宜。但在20日，C公司得知A公司要出售設(shè)備的消息，便派人到現(xiàn)場付款后提貨。9月25日B公司的代理人趕到 A公司所在地時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)所要設(shè)備已被他人提 走，便要求 A 公司賠償他的損失。對(duì)此 A 公司認(rèn)為雙方之間沒有合同關(guān)系，予以拒絕。請(qǐng) 問，B公

8、司是否有權(quán)向 A公司索賠？并請(qǐng)說明理由。七、專業(yè)英語 (英譯中，第 1 題 15 分，第 2 題 15 分，第 3 題 20 分，共 50 分 )1.let's really clean up those numbers nowLittle noticed in the shock of WorldCom Inc.'s massive accounting fraud is that it came to light only after a review initiated by the company's audit committee. Yes,believe i

9、t or not,the directors in theboardroom actually asked their auditors to take another look at the numbers.Lo and behold,that review let to the largest single restatement ever:a $3.8 billion reduction in previously reported pretax income. Together with Xerox Corp's recent concession that it overst

10、ated operating earnings by $1.4billion,these two corporate meaculpas alone nearly match the combined total hit of $5.8 billion from all 463 restatements in 1998， 1999,and 2000.How much worse can it get ？ Plenty. It's not that we'll likely see numbers as breathtaking as those as World Comor X

11、erox. But expect a tidal wave of restatements to come in what will surely amount to some sort of accounting chatharsis. If ever there was a time for companies to come clean,it's now. Over the years,the quality of financial reporting has varied widely. Some companies did the bare minimum to meet

12、accounting standards. Others were more cautious. Toget beyond the current stock market malaise,companies need to flush out the excesses so investors can regain their confidence in our financial system. It's better to take a hit now than risk dragging this out over the next few years.2.Happy birt

13、hday,Milton FriedmanMilton Friedman's professional career has been marked by controversy over his many policy proposals. Yet as he approaches his 90th birthday,Friedman is increasingly recognized as the most influential economist in a 20th century that witnessed towering contributions from John

14、Maynard Keynes,Paul A. Samuelson,and others.Friedman is best known for monetarism,a view that stability in the growth of the money supply is crucial to controlling inflation and recessions. Although the relation between the money supply and the economy has often been highly variable,no less an autho

15、rity than Fedral Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan has indicated that Friedman's emphasis on a stable monetary framework was instrumental in guiding central banks in Europe and the U.S. toward low inflation during the pass two decades.Before Friedman,economic conventional wisdom held that inflatio

16、n reduces unemployment because prices rise faster than labor costs. In the late 1960s,Friedman argued instead that there is no permanent reduction in unemployment from continuing inflation because wages eventually catch up to prices as expectations about inflation become more accurate. His analysis

17、has been validated twice since then by the high U.S. the '90 even though inflation was negligible.Two decades before Chile introduces its revolutionary private individual account retirement system,Friedman's classic 1962 book Capitalism and Freedom criticized the prevailing pay-as-you -go So

18、cial Security systems for restricting the ability of individuals to choose how much and in what form to save for retirement,and for mixing a welfare program for elderly poor with a compulsory program that applies to all the elderly. Has his advice been followed twenty years ago,there would be no imp

19、ending Social Security financing crisis in the U.S. and other developed nations with aging population.3. Are Force Majeure Clauses Exclusion Clauses？In order to differentiate an exclusion or limitation clause from a force majeure clause we must first define exactly what we mean by exclusion clauses

20、and examine their effect on the contractual relations of the parties. We might then usefully compare the operatiogogo to that of force majeure clauses.A tripartite distinction betweegogo: Protective conditions are three distinct types:first,those which limit or reduce what would otherwise be the defendant's duty ； second,those which exclude the defendant's liability for breach of specified aspects of that duty,and third,those which limit the extent to which the defendant is bound to indemnify the plainti