最高考高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講精練專(zhuān)題八定語(yǔ)從句?？键c(diǎn)

1、專(zhuān)題八定語(yǔ)從句?？键c(diǎn)定語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)中的一大難關(guān)，也是高考中的?？键c(diǎn)。主要考查引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(特別是當(dāng)先行詞是整個(gè)句子時(shí))，由“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句等。做有關(guān)定語(yǔ)從句題目時(shí)，一定要將先行詞還原到從句里，看其在從句部分充當(dāng)什么成分。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的基本用法 關(guān)系代詞指人指物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)that，whothat，who，whom(可省)whosethatthat，whichthat，which(可省)whosethat關(guān)系副詞時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因when介詞whichwhere介詞whichwhyfor which注學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從

2、句時(shí)，必須加強(qiáng)對(duì)從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析，切記關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，而關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空：I still remember the day _ we studied together.I still remember the day _ we spent together.This is the factory _ he used to work.This is the factory _ we visited yesterday.This is the factory _ makes this kind of car.This is

3、the reason _ he explained.This is the reason _ he failed in the exam.I don't know the way _ he used last time.I don't know the way _ he solved the problem last time.【答案】when；that/which/不填where；that/which/不填；that/whichthat/which/不填；whythat/which/不填；that/in which/不填介詞關(guān)系代詞 介詞后只能用which指物，whom 指人

4、，不可用that。介詞的選用可根據(jù)從句中相關(guān)詞組確定，也可結(jié)合句意根據(jù)先行詞確定。該介詞也可放在從句之尾。用適當(dāng)?shù)摹敖樵~關(guān)系代詞”填空：He is the person _ we should learn.The bag _ he put his books is lost.The man _ she is talking is a doctor.The train _ he was travelling was late.【答案】from whomin/into whichto/about whomon which關(guān)系代詞 as的用法 用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中：當(dāng)先行詞被so，as，such，t

5、he same所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as指人或物，而不用which。用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中： 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，特別是先行詞是整個(gè)主句時(shí)，由which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)。注 as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句前、插在主句中間或放在主句末尾，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句后面；as引導(dǎo)的從句有“正如”之意，而which則沒(méi)此意。用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：This is such a heavy bag _ I can't carry.This is such a heavy bag

6、 _ I can't carry it .This is the same place _ I visited three years ago.This is the same place _ I worked three years ago.He failed in the exam，_ made his father very angry.He failed in the exam，_ I had expected.A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of

7、 life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 【答案】as；thatas；wherewhich；asas并列句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的判斷 并列句是由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句組成的，句子中間必須要有并列連詞；而定語(yǔ)從句是由主句和從句構(gòu)成的。完成下列句子：He has two brothers，and both of _ are workers.He has two brothers，both of _ are workers.China has hundreds of islands，the largest of

8、 _ is Taiwan.China has hundreds of islands，and the largest of _ is Taiwan.He may not come，in _ case we will not wait for him.He may not come and in _ case we will not wait for him.【答案】them；whomwhich；themwhich；that先行詞模糊化 表地點(diǎn)的先行詞模糊化在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞where，相當(dāng)于in which；在句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)仍用關(guān)系代詞。常見(jiàn)的詞有：point，situation，po

9、sition，profession，job，case，system，scene，activity，society，culture，strategy，model，accident，economy，crime等；常見(jiàn)的表時(shí)間的詞有：period，occasion，stage，interval，stay等。用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：This is one point _ we must insist on.I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.Occasions are quite rar

10、e _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.【答案】that/which/不填；wherewhen定語(yǔ)從句中的數(shù)要保持一致 關(guān)系代詞指代的是先行詞，因此定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)在數(shù)上應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。完成下列句子：Those who _(break) the law should be punished.Anyone who _(break)the law should be punished.Whoever _(break) the law should be punished.He is one of the students who _pra

11、ised at yesterday's meeting.He is the one of the students who _praised at yesterday's meeting.【答案】break；breaks；breakswere；was定語(yǔ)從句中含有插入語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間常常會(huì)有I think，you know，I believe，I thought 等插入語(yǔ)。做此類(lèi)題目時(shí)，我們要先去除插入語(yǔ)，再選擇正確的關(guān)系詞。完成下列句子：This is the school _ you know I once studied.I picked up a man _ I

12、 thought was honest.I picked up a man _ I thought to be honest.He made a discovery，_(我認(rèn)為) is very important.【答案】wherewho；that/who/whom/不填which I think只能用that 或which的情況 只用that 的場(chǎng)合：當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞anything，nothing，everything，all，some，little，few，much，none 或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。當(dāng)先行詞被the onl

13、y和the very所修飾時(shí)。當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。當(dāng)要避免與疑問(wèn)詞which重復(fù)時(shí)。只用which 的場(chǎng)合：“介詞which”，指物。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。防止重復(fù)。指人的性質(zhì)身份時(shí)，而不是指人時(shí)。用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空：He told us all _ had happened.This is the most interesting film_ I have ever seen.This is the first place _ we visited yesterday.This is the first place _ we worked.This is the only

14、 plant _ grows in the area.The earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually.The glasses without _ he couldn't see clearly were lost.I said nothing，_ made him angry.【答案】thatthat/不填that/不填；wherethat；wherewhichwhich關(guān)系代詞whose的用法 在高考中，關(guān)系代詞whose的考點(diǎn)頻繁出現(xiàn)。在定語(yǔ)從句中，作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞用whose，在

15、表示某物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于then.of which 或of whichthen.。用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：Do you know the man in _ car she came here?The man pulled out a gold watch，_ hands were made of small diamonds.The man pulled out a gold watch，the hands of _ were made of small diamonds.The man pulled out a gold watch，of _ the hands were made of small

16、diamonds.【答案】whosewhose；which；which找準(zhǔn)先行詞 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，定語(yǔ)從句是跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后，但有時(shí)也會(huì)出現(xiàn)先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句被一個(gè)詞或一個(gè)短語(yǔ)所分隔，或者謂語(yǔ)太短等情況，這時(shí)我們要根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的句意判斷哪一個(gè)詞是先行詞。用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：I've become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.She'll never forget her stay there _ she

17、 found her son who had gone missing two years before.The days are gone _ we used the foreign oil.【答案】whom/whowhenwhen“the onethat/which/where”和that，which，where的區(qū)別 完成下列句子：Is this the museum _ you visited last year?Is this museum _ you visited last year?Is this museum _ you worked last year?Is this th

18、e museum _ you worked last year?【答案】that/which/不填；the one that/which或the onethe one where/where；where/in whichfrom where和since when結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 完成下列句子：They stood at the window，from _ they could see what was happening in the street.The book was written in 1946，since _ the education system has witnessed grea

19、t changes.【答案】wherewhen1. (2014·江蘇卷)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must. A. which B. when C. as D. where2. (2014·江西卷)Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. which B. what C.

20、 where D. when3. (2014·陜西卷)Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.A. that B. whichC. as D. what4. (2014·重慶卷)We'll reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.A. which B. whereC. when D. what5. (2014·安徽卷)The e

21、xact year _ Angola and her family spent together in China was 2008. A. when B. where C. why D. which6. (2013·江蘇卷)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A. where B. whichC. what D. when7. (2013·浙江卷)The museum will op

22、en in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_ visitors can watch the big glass houses being built.A. what B. whereC. when D. why8. (2013·安徽卷)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，_ made one of the Chinese people's longheld dreams come true.A. it B. thatC. w

23、hat D. which9. (2013·陜西卷)_ is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A. It B. ThatC. What D. As10. (2012·江蘇卷)After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，_ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. whoC. where D. wh

24、at【答案】1. D2. A3. A4. A5. D6. B7. B8. D9. D10. B1. Do you know the man _？A. whom I spoke B. to who I spokeC. I spoke to D. that I spoke2. I am very grateful to my high school teachers，without _ help I wouldn't be so excellent.A. whom B. themC. which D. whose3. Where did you meet him while in Beij

25、ing?It was in the hotel _ I stayed.A. that B. whichC. when D. where4. The settlement is home to nearly 1，000 people，many of _ leaving their village homes for a better life in the city.A. whom B. whichC. them D. those5. The time is not far away _ modern communications will become widespread in China&

26、#39;s vast countryside.A. as B. whenC. until D. before6. He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school.A. which B. thatC. whom D. what7. Her sister has become a lawyer，_ she wanted to be.A. who B. that C. what D. which8. I'm told that is a free website _ learners can n

27、ot just learn various languages but also chat online.A. where B. which C. that D. what9. The way _ he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whoseC. what D. /10. By serving others，a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself，_ can be very eyeopening and rewarding.A. who B. that C. which

28、 D. what11. My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble，_ was very kind of them.A. who B. whichC. that D. it12. He's got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. where B. whichC. while D. why13. Young people who have got jobs may realize uni

29、versity lessons can't be the only preparation for all of the situations _ appear in the working world.A. where B. whenC. that D. what14. The manager had to go to Beijing on business on June 23，_ happened to be his only son's birthday.A. when B. thatC. which D. what15. The picture often remin

30、ds me of the happy hours time and again _ I was playing happily with my friends during the holidays.A. how B. thatC. when D. where16. Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants，_ serve junk food.A. which B. whoC. what D. where17. Is this research centre _ you visited the modern equipment

31、 last year?A. which B. thatC. the one where D. the one that18. She is such a good teacher _ we all love and respect.A. that B. as C. so D. who19. The volunteers paid a visit to all the senior citizens in the community，most of _ are aged from 70 to over 90 years old.A. whom B. thoseC. them D. which20

32、. Last week，we watched Beijing Opera，_ style was unfamiliar to most of us.A. what B. whichC. where D. whose21The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. A. which B. whoseC. when D. where22. My pen friend sent me an email yesterday _ he described how he spent his summer holiday. A. when B. whereC. what D. which23. Last term our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out.A. as B. thatC. which D