高考英語短文改錯口訣

1、高考英語短文改錯口訣為了提高做短文改錯題的能力，除了要加強基礎(chǔ)知識的積累、提高語篇的整體理解能力之外，還應(yīng)該對其錯項設(shè)置的基本情況有所了解，以便做到目標(biāo)明確，有的放矢，從而提高解題的正確率。本文擬從語法和邏輯的角度，用口訣的形式，向同學(xué)們介紹高考英語短文改錯中最常見的幾類錯誤。短文改錯口訣：動詞形，名詞數(shù)；注意形和副；非謂動詞細辨別；習(xí)慣用法要記?。痪渥映煞侄喾治?；邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注。一 動詞形主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如：My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football

2、team. (is)Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)上述兩例分別屬于時態(tài)錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時態(tài)概念，注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時間，保持時間概念的一致性。二 名詞數(shù)指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)三 區(qū)分形和副及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的?？键c。例如：Im sure well have a wonder

3、fully time together. (wonderful)Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)需要注意的是，形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。四 非謂動詞細辨別這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤，也包括不定式類錯誤。例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in fo

4、otball. (interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (playing)My parents love me and will do all they can make sure (to)上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語，和不定式作目的狀語。一般的，現(xiàn)在分詞有主動態(tài)和進行時的含義，而過去分詞具有被動態(tài)和完成時的含義，不定式有將來時態(tài)的含義。五 習(xí)慣用法要記住主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識。這也是歷年高考的?？键c，其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。 例如：It was

5、very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (of)六 句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤。例如：They eager to know everything about China and (were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital

6、of China. (which)第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were，這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯誤；第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語。七 邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤，常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more) no way of setting the

7、 matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)上述第一例中的主語是Smiths（史密斯夫婦倆），因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開始告訴別人，怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”？第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端，“我們”把電視機賣了；晚上沒電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用everyone。除了上述錯誤類型外，?？嫉腻e誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤（可以歸類為邏輯錯誤），以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如：She was

8、 smiling but nodding at me. (and)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)下面是2002年全國高考試題中的短文改錯題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣?，F(xiàn)在請你試著做一做，然后參閱題后的答案與簡析。Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to EmeiMountain in Sichuan. As everyone

9、knows，its famous 76. _Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _the mountain，the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _climbed the mountain，we ed monkeys，visiting temples 80. _and told stories. On the way up I was

10、 busy taking picture 81._since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _head touched the

11、pillow.答案與簡析：76. famous前加上a.（名詞數(shù)）77. 正確78. we前面加when，引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。（句子成分多分析）79. themus （邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注）80. visitingvisited（非謂動詞細辨別）81. picturepictures（名詞數(shù)）82. passespassed（動詞形）83. 去掉down（習(xí)慣用法要記?。?4. andbut（but，and，or和so）85. 去掉at（句子成分多分析 / 習(xí)慣用法要記?。└腻e要想拿高分語法口訣要記牢（一）見到謂語找主語，主謂一致找狀語見到名詞想多數(shù)，可不可數(shù)要記牢見到平行看結(jié)構(gòu)，形式功能要對稱見到代詞找指代，指代通常不合理帶賓語必帶to，不帶賓語不帶 to小小of常抓的點，of前名詞adj最高級比較級不修飾比較級,最高級不修飾最高級（二）謂與非謂經(jīng)?；熘^語句中就一個其余動詞非謂語常見形式有三種v-ing ,v-ed和to do主謂通常v-ing動賓通常v-ed現(xiàn)在分詞表主動過去分詞表被動目的要用不定式by前有過去分詞相擁by后有動名詞后抱介詞后跟動名詞時態(tài)基點要搞清現(xiàn)在還是過去時（三）規(guī)則是說謊