汽車焊接夾具設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

1、汽車焊接夾具設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)譯(含：英文原文及中文譯文)文獻(xiàn)出處：SemjonKim.DesignofAutomotiveWeldingFixturesJ.Computer-AidedDesign,2021,3(12):21-32.英文原文DesignofAutomotiveWeldingFixturesSemjonKim1AbstractAccordingtothedesigntheoryofcarbodyweldingfixture,theweldingfixtureandweldingbusofeachstationareplannedanddesigned.Thenthefixtureis

2、modeledandassembled.Thenumberandmodelofthefixturearedeterminedandtheaccessibilityisjudged.Designedtomeettherequirementsoftheweldingfixture.Keywords:weldedparts;foundation;clamping;position1IntroductionAssemblyandweldingfixturesarecloselyrelatedtotheproductionofhigh-qualityautomotiveequipmentinautomo

3、tivebodyassemblyandweldinglines.Weldedfixturesareanimportantpartoftheweldingprocess.Assemblyandweldingfixturesarenotonlythewaytocompletetheassemblyofpartsinthisprocess,butalsoasatestandcalibrationprocedureontheproductionlinetocompletethetaskoftestingweldingaccessoriesandweldingquality.Therefore,thed

4、esignandmanufactureofweldingfixturesdirectlyaffecttheproductioncapacityandproductqualityoftheautomobileintheweldingprocess.Automotiveweldingfixturesareanimportantmeansofensuringtheirmanufacturingqualityandshorteningtheirmanufacturingcycle.Therefore,itisindispensabletocorrectlyunderstandthekeypointso

5、fweldingfixturedesign,improveandincreasethedesignmeansanddesignlevelofweldingfixtures,andimprovetheadjustmentandverificationleveloffixtures.Itisalsoanautomanufacturingcompanyinthefiercecompetition.Theproblemthatmustbesolvedtosurvive.Thestyleofthecarisdifferentfromthatofthecar.Therefore,theshapeofthe

6、weldingjigisverydifferent.However,thedesign,manufacture,andadjustmentarecommonandcanbeusedforreference.2.StructuraldesignofweldingfixtureThestructuredesignoftheweldingfixtureensuresthatthecliphasgoodoperationalconvenienceandreliablepositioningofthefixture.Manufacturersofweldingfixturescanalsoeasilyi

7、ntegrateadjustmentstoensurethatthesurfacesofthevariouspartsofthestructureshouldallowenoughroomforadjustmentstoensurethree-dimensionaladjustment.Ofcourse,underthepremiseofensuringtheaccuracyoftheweldingjig,thestructureoftheweldingjigshouldbeassimpleaspossible.Thefixturedesignisusuallythepositionofall

8、componentsonthefixtureisdetermineddirectlybasedonthedesignbasis,andultimatelyensurethatthequalifiedweldingfixturestructureismanufactured.Accordingtotheworkingheight,theheightofthefixturebottomplatecanbepreliminarilydetermined,thatis,theheightofthefixturefixingposition.Theweldingfixturedesignmustfirs

9、tconsidertheclampingmethod.Therearetwotypes,manualandpneumatic.Manualclampingisgenerallysuitableforsmallparts,externalparts,andsmallbatchesofworkpieces.Forlargebodyparts,planningintheproductionline,automationHigh-demandweldingfixturesshouldbepneumaticallyclamped.Automobileproductionisgenerallypneuma

10、ticallyclamped,andmanualmassclampingcanbeusedasauxiliaryclamping.Thiscanreducecostsaccordingly.Somemanualclampingproductsalreadyhavestandardmodelsandquantities,whichcanbepurchasedinthemarketwhenneeded.Forsomedevices,pneumaticclampingisspecified,butifpneumaticclampingisused,theworkpiecemaybedamaged.T

11、herefore,itispossibletomanuallypresstheplacefirsttoprovideapneumaticclampingforcetoclamptheworkpiece.Thisismanual-pneumatic.Thefixtureclampingsystemismountedonalargeplatform,allofwhicharefixedinthisweldingpositiontoensurethattheweldingconditionsshouldmeetthedesigndimensionsoftheworkpiececoordinatesy

12、stempositioningfixture,whichinvolvesthebenchmark.3. Benchmarksofassemblyandweldingfixturesandtheirchosensupportsurfaces3.1 DeterminationofdesignbasisInordertoensurethatthethree-dimensionalcoordinatesoftheautomaticweldmentsystemareconsistent,allweldingfixturesmusthaveacommonreferenceinthesystem.Thebe

13、nchmarkisthefixturemountingplatform.ThisistheX,Ycoordinate,eachspecificcomponentisfixedatthecorrespondingpositionontheplatform,andhasacorrespondingheight.Therefore,theZcoordinateshouldbecoordinated,andathree-dimensionalXYZcoordinatesystemisestablished.Inordertofacilitatetheinstallationandmeasurement

14、ofthefixture,themountingplatformmusthavecoordinatesforreference.Thereareusuallythreetypes.Thestructureisasfollows:3.1.1 ReferenceholemethodTherearefourreferenceholesinthedesignoftheinstallationplatform,inwhichthetwodirectionsofthecentercoordinatesofeachholeandthecoordinatesofthefourholesconstitutetw

15、omutuallyperpendicularlines.ThisisthecollectionontheXYplanecoordinatesystem.Theestablishmentofthisbenchmarkisrelativelysimpleandeasytoprocess,butthemeasurementsandbenchmarksusedatthesametimeareaccurate.Anyshapeiscomposedofspatialpoints.Allgeometricmeasurementscanbeattributedtomeasurementsofspatialpo

16、ints.Accuratespatialcoordinateacquisitionisthereforethebasisforassessinganygeometricshape.ReferenceAcoordinateddirectionformedbyonesideneartwodatums.3.1.2 v-typedetectionmethodInthismethod,themountingplatformisdividedintotwo90-degreeranges.Thelinesofthetwoaxesmakeupaplane-mountedplatform.Theplaneisp

17、erpendiculartotheplatform.ThesurfaceformsofthesetwoaxisgroovesXYplanecoordinatesystem.3.1.3 ReferenceblockmethodReferenceUsingthesideblockperpendiculartothe3DXYZcoordinatesystem,thebaseofagageand3to4blockscanbemounteddirectlyontheplatform,orabearingfixingfixtureplatformcanbeadded,buttheheightofthere

18、ferenceplanemustbeusedtocontroltheheight,mustensurethesamedirection.Whenmanufacturing,itismoredifficulttoadjusttheprevioustwomethodsoftheblock,butthiskindofmeasurementisextremelyconvenient,especiallyusingtheCMMmeasurement.Thismethodrequiresarelativelylowsurfacemountplatformforthereferenceblock,soala

19、rgersizedmountingplatformshouldusethismethod.Eachfixturemusthaveafixedcoordinatesystem.Inthiscoordinatesystem,itssupportingbasecoordinatedimensionsshouldsupporttheworkpieceandthecoordinatescorrespondtothesamesize.Sothechoiceofbearingsurfaceinthewholeweldingfixturesystem3.2Whenthebearingsurfaceissele

20、cted,theanglebetweenthetangentplaneandthemountingplatformonthefixedsurfaceoftheweldingtestpieceshallnotbegreaterthan15degrees.Theinspectionsurfaceshouldbethesameastheweldedpipefittingsasmuchaspossiblefortheconvenienceofflatsurfacetreatmentandadjustment.Thesurfacestructureofthebearingshouldbedesigned

21、sothatthemodulecanbeeasilyhandled,andthisnumbercanbeusedforthenumericalcontrolofthebearingsurfaceoftheproduct.Ofcourse,designingthevehiclebodycoordinatepointisnotnecessarilysuitableforthebearingsurface,especiallytheNCfixture.ThisrequiresthesupportofthefixturetoblocktheaccesspointS,basedonwhichthedig

22、italsurfaceisestablished.Thissurfaceshouldbeconsistentwiththesupportedsurface.Soatthistime,itiseasierandeasiertomanufacturethebasepointS,CNCmachining,precisionmachiningandassemblyanddebugging.3.2 BasicrequirementsforweldingfixtureIntheprocessofautomobileassemblyandproduction,therearecertainrequireme

23、ntsforthefixture.First,accordingtothedesignoftheautomobileandtherequirementsoftheweldingprocess,theshape,sizeandprecisionofthefixturehavereachedthedesignrequirementsandtechnicalrequirements.Thisisalinkthatcannotbeignored,andthefirstconsiderationinthedesignofweldingfixtureisconsidered.Whenassembling,

24、thepartsorpartsoftheassemblyshouldbeconsistentwiththepositionofthedesigndrawingsofthecarandtightenwiththefixture.Atthesametime,thepositionshouldbeadjustedtoensurethatthepositionoftheassemblypartsisclampedaccuratelysoastoavoidthedeformationormovementofthepartsduringthewelding.Therefore,thisputsforwar

25、dhigherrequirementsforweldingjig.Inordertoensurethesmoothprocessofautomobileweldingandimprovetheproductionefficiencyandeconomicbenefit,theworkersoperateconveniently,reducethestrengthofthewelderswork,ensuretheprecisionoftheautomobileassemblyandimprovethequalityoftheautomobileproduction.Therefore,when

26、thefixturedesignisdesigned,thedesignstructureshouldberelativelysimple,ithasgoodoperability,itisrelativelyeasytomakeandmaintain,andthereplacementoffixturepartsismoreconvenientwhenthefixturepartsaredamaged,andthecostisrelativelyeconomicalandreasonable.Buttheweldingfixturemustmeettheconstructiontechnol

27、ogyrequirements.Whenthefixtureiswelded,thestructureofthefixtureshouldbeopensothattheweldingequipmentiseasytoclosetotheworkingposition,whichreducesthelaborintensityoftheworkersandimprovestheproductionefficiency.4. PositiontheworkpieceThegeneralpositionoftheworkpiecesurfacefeaturesisdeterminedrelative

28、totheholeortheapparentpositioningreferencesurface.Itiscommonlyusedasalocatingpinassembly.Itisdividedintotwoparts:clampingpositioningandfixedpositioning.Takingintoaccounttheweldingpositionandallweldingequipment,itisnotpossibletoinfluencetheremovalofthefinalweld,butalsotoallowtheweldingclamportorchtor

29、eachtheweldingposition.Fortrulyinfluentialpositioningpinsandthelike,considerusingmovablepositioningpins.Inordertofacilitatetheentryandexitofparts,telescopicpositioningpinsareavailable.Thespecificstructurecanbefoundinthemanual.Theinstallationofweldingfixturesshouldbeconvenientforconstruction,andthere

30、shouldbeenoughspaceforassemblyandwelding.Itmustnotaffecttheweldingoperationandtheweldersobservation,anditdoesnothindertheloadingandunloadingoftheweldment.Allpositioningelementsandclampingmechanismsshouldbekeptataproperdistancefromthesolderjointsorbeplacedunderoronthesurfaceoftheweldment.Theactuatoro

31、ftheclampingmechanismshouldbeabletoflexorindex.Accordingtotheformationprinciple,theworkpieceisclampedandpositioned.Thenopenthefixturetoremovetheworkpiece.Makesurethefixturedoesnotinterferewithopeningandclosing.Inordertoreducetheauxiliarytimeforloadingandunloadingworkpieces,theclampingdeviceshoulduse

32、high-efficiencyandquickdevicesandmulti-pointlinkagemechanisms.Forthin-platestampings,thepointofapplicationoftheclampingforceshouldactonthebearingsurface.Onlypartsthatareveryrigidcanbeallowedtoactintheplaneformedbyseveralbearingpointssothattheclampingforcedoesnotbendtheworkpieceordeviatefromthepositi

33、oningreference.Inaddition,itmustbedesignedsothatitdoesnotpinchthehandwhentheclampingmechanismisclampedtoopen.5. WorkstationmobilizationofweldingpartsMostautomotivesolderfittingsaresolderedtocompleteinseveralprocesses.Therefore,itneedsatransmissiondevice.Usuallytheworkpieceshouldavoidtheinterferenceo

34、ftheweldingfixturebeforetransmission.Thefirststepistolifttheworkpiece.Thisrequirestheuseofanelevator,acrane,arackandpinion,etc.TheracksandgearsatthistimeStructure,theirstructuralprocessing,connectionisnotassimpleasthecompletionofthestructureofthetransmissionbetweentheusualconnectionstructureofthesta

35、tion,thereareseveralforms,suchasgears,rackdrivemechanism,transmissionmechanism,rockermechanism,duetothereciprocatingmotion,shakeThetransferofthearmmechanismtothecommissioningisbetterthantheotherone,sothecommonrockerarmtransfermechanismisgenerallyused.6. ConclusionInrecentyears,howtocorrectlyandreaso

36、nablysettheauxiliarypositioningsupportforautomotiveweldingfixturesisanextremelycomplicatedsystemproblem.Althoughwehaveaccumulatedsomeexperienceinthisarea,thereisstillmuchtobelearnedinthisfield.Learnandresearchtoprovidenewtheoreticalsupportforcontinuousdevelopmentandinnovationinthefieldofweldingfixtu

37、redesign.WiththedevelopmentoftheChineseautomotiveindustry,moreandmoreweldingfixturesareneeded.Althoughtheprincipleofthefixtureisverysimple,therealdesignandmanufactureofahigh-qualityweldingfixturesystemisanextremelycomplicatedproject.中文譯文汽車焊接夾具的設(shè)計(jì)SemjonKim1摘要依據(jù)車體焊裝線夾具設(shè)計(jì)理論,對(duì)各工位焊接夾具及其焊裝總線進(jìn)行規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì),之后進(jìn)行夾具

38、建模、裝配,插入焊鉗確定其數(shù)量、型號(hào)及判斷其可達(dá)性,最終設(shè)計(jì)出符合要求的焊接夾具.關(guān)鍵詞:焊接部件;根底;夾緊;位置1引言裝配和焊接夾具在汽車車身裝配和焊接生產(chǎn)線與生產(chǎn)制造優(yōu)質(zhì)的汽車設(shè)備息息相關(guān).焊裝夾具,是焊接工藝的重要組成局部.裝配和焊接夾具除了是完成這個(gè)過(guò)程中零部件裝配的途徑和定位,同時(shí)在生產(chǎn)線上也作為一個(gè)測(cè)試和校準(zhǔn)程序,完成檢測(cè)焊接配件和焊接質(zhì)量的任務(wù).因此焊裝夾具的設(shè)計(jì)和制造,直接影響焊接過(guò)程中汽車的生產(chǎn)水平和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量.汽車焊裝夾具是保證其制造質(zhì)量、縮短其制造周期的重要手段.因此,正確理解焊裝夾具設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn),改善和提升焊裝夾具的設(shè)計(jì)手段和設(shè)計(jì)水平,并提升夾具的調(diào)整和驗(yàn)證水平等三方面都是

39、必不可少的,也是汽車制造公司在劇烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中得以生存所必須解決的問(wèn)題.汽車的風(fēng)格不同,焊接夾具的形狀,因而有著很大的不同,但在設(shè)計(jì)、制造和調(diào)整都是共同的,可以借鑒采用.2焊接夾具的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)焊接夾具的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),保證該夾具有良好的操作方便性、裝夾定位的可靠性.焊裝夾具的制造商也很容易集成的調(diào)整,以保證結(jié)構(gòu)各局部的外表應(yīng)該允許足夠的空間用于調(diào)整,以保證立體可調(diào).當(dāng)然,在保證焊接夾具質(zhì)量準(zhǔn)確性的前提下,焊接夾具的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)盡可能簡(jiǎn)單.夾具設(shè)計(jì)通常是夾具上全部元件的位置都是直接根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)確定的,最終保證制造出合格的焊接工裝結(jié)構(gòu).根據(jù)作業(yè)高度可初步?jīng)Q定夾具底板的高度,即夾具固定位置的高度.焊接夾具設(shè)計(jì)首先要考

40、慮夾緊方式,一般有手動(dòng)和氣動(dòng)兩種,手動(dòng)夾緊一般適合于小件、外協(xié)件、小批量工件焊裝,對(duì)于大型車體部件、規(guī)劃于生產(chǎn)線內(nèi)、自動(dòng)化程度要求高的焊接夾具宜選用氣動(dòng)夾緊,汽車生產(chǎn)的一般采用氣動(dòng)夾緊,然后手工大批量夾緊可作為輔助夾緊.這樣可以相應(yīng)的降低本錢.局部手動(dòng)夾緊產(chǎn)品已擁有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的型號(hào)和數(shù)量,需要時(shí)可以到市場(chǎng)購(gòu)置即可.對(duì)于某些裝置,規(guī)定采用氣動(dòng)夾緊,但如果直接使用氣動(dòng)夾緊,可能損壞的工件,所以,可以由人工先按地方,來(lái)提供一種氣動(dòng)夾緊力夾緊工件,這是手動(dòng)-氣動(dòng).該夾具夾緊系統(tǒng)是安裝在一個(gè)大平臺(tái),所有固定在此保證焊接位置的焊接條件應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)尺寸的工件坐標(biāo)系定位夾具,這牽涉到的基3 .裝配和焊接夾具的基準(zhǔn)和他

41、們所選擇的支撐面3.1 設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)確實(shí)定為了保證自動(dòng)焊件系統(tǒng)的三維空間坐標(biāo)一致,所有的焊裝夾具在該系統(tǒng)中必須有一個(gè)共同的基準(zhǔn).該基準(zhǔn)是夾具安裝平臺(tái),這是X,Y坐標(biāo)、每一個(gè)具體部件都固定在平臺(tái)相應(yīng)位置,要具有相應(yīng)的高度,所以,應(yīng)協(xié)調(diào)Z坐標(biāo),由此建立了三維XYZ坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng).為了方便夾具的安裝及測(cè)量、安裝平臺(tái)必須有坐標(biāo)的參考,通常有三種類型.結(jié)構(gòu)如下：3.1.1基準(zhǔn)孔的方法安裝平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)有四個(gè)基準(zhǔn)孔,其中每一個(gè)孔圓心坐標(biāo)的兩個(gè)方向、四個(gè)孔的坐標(biāo)構(gòu)成兩條相互垂直的線.這就是,XY平面坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)上集合.這個(gè)基準(zhǔn)的建立相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,易加工,但同時(shí)使用的測(cè)量與基準(zhǔn)精確.任何形狀都是由空間點(diǎn)組成的,所有的幾何量測(cè)量都可

42、以歸結(jié)為空間點(diǎn)的測(cè)量,因此精確進(jìn)行空間點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)的采集,是評(píng)定任何幾何形狀的根底.參考一側(cè)靠近兩個(gè)基準(zhǔn)形成的一個(gè)協(xié)調(diào)的方向.3.1.2 v型檢測(cè)法這種方法是在這一過(guò)程中安裝平臺(tái)分為每?jī)蓚€(gè)90度范圍的,這兩條軸線的線組成一平面垂直安裝的平臺(tái),這樣平面垂直于平臺(tái),這兩個(gè)軸線溝梢的外表形式XY平面坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng).3.1.3 參測(cè)試塊法參考使用側(cè)塊垂直于三維XYZ坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng),通常是一個(gè)檢具的底座與3到4塊可直接安裝在平臺(tái)上,也可以添加一個(gè)軸承固定夾具平臺(tái),但需要參考?jí)K的最后一個(gè)平面來(lái)限制高度,必須保證方向一致.制造時(shí),調(diào)整塊在前面的兩種方法是較為困難的,但這種測(cè)量極為方便,尤其是使用CMM測(cè)量.該方法要求用的基準(zhǔn)塊平面加工安裝平臺(tái)相對(duì)較低,所以大一點(diǎn)的尺寸的安裝平臺(tái)應(yīng)該使用這種方法.每個(gè)夾具必須具有固定坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng),在這個(gè)坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng),它的支撐根底坐標(biāo)尺寸應(yīng)該支持工件以及坐標(biāo)對(duì)應(yīng)于同樣的大小.所以在整個(gè)的焊裝夾具系統(tǒng)3.2軸承外表的選擇軸承外表選擇時(shí),使用焊接