定語(yǔ)從句完整版

1、Unit 1attributive clause定語(yǔ)從句:修飾主句中名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。antecedent 先行詞:被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。relative pronoun & relative adverb:關(guān)系代詞/副詞連接定語(yǔ)從句和主句并在定語(yǔ)中起作用的詞。Function of relative words 1.連接作用。2. 指代作用 （指代先行詞）。3.在從句中作成份。關(guān)系代詞的用法歸納：定語(yǔ)從句中，that/ which指代物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不省略,賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。 定語(yǔ)從句中，用who/that指代人;在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能省;在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，

2、用who/whom/that ,還可以省略。定語(yǔ)從句中，用whose指代人/物， -表示“某人的”、“某物的”在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。whose 在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示引導(dǎo)詞與 whose 后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物時(shí)可與 of which互換使用。指人時(shí)可用of whom.Please show me the book whose cover is red.the cover of which /of which the cover Ill call a person whose father knows you.the father of whom /of whom

3、 the father 1. The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. 2. The girl _ our teacher is talking with is her daughter.3. The girl_ mother is from Britain can speak English fluently. 4. I cant find the book _ is borrowed from the library.5. I cant find the book _ you lent to me. 6. Have

4、 you read the book _ author is a high school student? 7. Have you read the book _ the author recommend (推薦) to high school students? 8. I used to study in a classroom _ windows were all broken. 9. The woman _ we saw on the street got the job.10. Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat _ is eating her flow

5、ers.11. The book _ he bought yesterday is popular at present.12. Theres a mountain _ top is always covered with snow.13. The number of people _ going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000?以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用which。1.當(dāng)先行詞是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, som

6、e等代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等詞修飾時(shí)。 a. They go to the newspapers own library to look up any information that they need. b. Everything that can be done has been done.c. There are few books (that )we can read.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who， All the guests that / who were invited to

7、 herwedding were important people. Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾且指物時(shí), 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用that 。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.This is the best film that I have ever seen. 3當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the same, the last 修飾時(shí)。This is the v

8、ery dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系代詞 who。Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 4.當(dāng)先行詞為人與動(dòng)物或人與物時(shí)。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school Look at t

9、he man and his donkey that are walking up the street.5.當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which 等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.先行詞作表語(yǔ)或關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí), 定語(yǔ)從句通常用 that 引導(dǎo)。（?？墒÷裕?，She is no longer the girl （that ）she was. 先行詞指人只用who而不用that 的情況：1，先行詞是one , ones, anyone

10、或those等。Anyone who does that must be mad.Those who dare to break the law will be punished.2,用在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中。There is a young man who wants to see you.3, 為了避免重復(fù)或引起歧義。The man that spoke at the meeting is our new teacher who has come from Shanghai.4.當(dāng)先行詞是人，后面有較長(zhǎng)的修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)。I met a friend of mine in the park y

11、esterday who had got three gold medals.5, 當(dāng)先行詞是I, you, he, they等時(shí)（常用于諺語(yǔ)）He who plays with fire gets burned.1.Is there anything _I can do for you?2.You can take any seat _ is free.3.The first thing _ I should do is to devote myself to study.4. The sculpture is not the only thing _ is missing.5. The w

12、riter and his novel _ you have just talked about are really well known.6. Who is the man _is standing there?7. She is no longer the girl _ she was before she went to the country.The man _ stands there is Tom.The girl _ I met is Ms Li.The boy _ watch was lost is Tom.The book _ lies on the desk is his

13、.The pen _ you bought is good.The magazine _ cover is red is nice. Practice 11. This is the best film _ Ive seen.2. That is the last lesson _ I gave you.3. This is the very book _ Im after.4. That is just the coat _ color is red.5. That is the right place _ he works.6. I still remember the schools a

14、nd boys _ I met there. 7. Everything _ you said is true. 8. Which is the book _ you want? 9. Who is the girl _ sits there.10. All _ he said is true.11. All _ is said by him is true.12. Are there any problems _ trouble you?13. I will make full use of the time _ there is left for me. 19. You have made

15、 the same mistake _ you made last time.20. I had the same experience _ you have now.21.She went to the place _ she likes best.22. Those _ are present are well.23. Is this factory the one_ he visited?1.He did all / everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked abou

16、t the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.Period three (U2)Fill in the

17、blanks with relative pronouns.1. This is the story _ we wrote for our storytelling contest.2. The book _ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.3. He likes the birthday gifts _ his friends gave him.4. The girl _ you have just seen is very good at English.5. I dont know the name of the teach

18、er _ I met in the computer room.Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns.6. Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?7. Daniel is the person _ I want to make friends with.8. Art is the subject _ I know little about.9. The Maths teacher is the person _ I got an A plus from.10. The topic _

19、Eric is interested in is Physics.Join the sentences with relative clauses:We could expect good decisions from you.We thought of you as a person.We thought of you as a person (who/whom/that) we could expect good decisions from.We thought of you as a person from whom we could expect good decisions.You

20、 were to buy dog food with the money.The money is gone.The money (which/that) you were to buy dog food with is gone.The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone.Conclusion:When the relative pronoun is the object of the preposition, we use preposition to begin an attributive clause, that is,

21、 preposition + which/whom.In this case, the relative pronoun, which or whom, cannot be replaced with “that” or “who”.Besides, the relative pronoun cannot be left out. Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns:6. Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?7. Daniel is the person _ I want to m

22、ake friends with.8. Art is the subject_ I know little about.9. The Maths teacher is the person_ I got an A plus from.10. The topic_- Eric is interested in is Physics.Fill in the blanks with “prep.+ which/whom”:1. Are you interested in any songs _ _ youve listened.2. Tomorrow is a particular day _ _

23、his daughter will get married.3. This is the knife _ _ I usually cut bread.4. We cant live without the sun _ _ we get heat and light.5. The subject _ _ Eric is interested is physics.6. Do you know the girl _ _ our head teacher is shaking hands?7. I cant find my dictionary _ _ I paid over $100 .8. Th

24、is is the good car _ _ I spent all my money.9. She is the teacher _ _all his students show respect .10. The teacher _ _ you have been waiting is coming in a minute.Translate the following sentences:1. 你有沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)那座紅房子，屋子前有一棵大樹(shù)。2. 你有沒(méi)有參觀過(guò)那座大廈？在大廈頂上你可以俯瞰整座城市。關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，不論是在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，還是在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí)，只能用 w

25、hom 指人，which 指物,且不可省略；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如：介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?2. The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. 3.Do you know the boy (that/who/whom) she was talking to?4. The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly br

26、oke. 介詞的選用原則1) 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭 配來(lái)決定。如： This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan. spend money on sth.為固定搭配2) 根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣來(lái)決定。如：I remember the day on which I joined the League. I remember the days during which I lived here. I remember the month in which I stayed

27、 there.3) 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān) 系。 Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?4) 根據(jù)從句中形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配。 Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure？含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. This is

28、the watch for which I am looking. The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常如下： 1). I like the way _you explained to me. 2). I like the way _ was given by you.3).The way _he answered t

29、he questions was surprising. I dont like the way you talked to your mother.（choose the one that is not proper for this blank） A. that B. which C. in whichD. /1. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A. in w

30、hich B. by which C. which D. that2. I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom3. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which4. I

31、was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which 5. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 6. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many peopl

32、e, most of _are healthy. A. that B. which C. what D. whom 7. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _appeared rare rainbow soon. A. of whichB. on which C. from whichD. above which 8. The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds. A. th

33、e hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which Assignments: fill in the blanks with “prep + relative pron”.1. Do you remember the day _ we left you in charge.2. I often think of the moment _ I saw the UFO.3. I remember the time _ Eric won that speech competition.4.

34、It rained the whole day _ he travelled with his family.5. The police searched the house _ the thief had stayed.6. Mike wants to work in a country _ there are a lot of rainforests.7. This is not a family _ bad behavior goes unpunished.8. The study is the place _ I often have talks with my father.9. I

35、 wont listen to the reason _ you didnt do your homework.10. This is the reason _ my parents got home earlier.1. Do you like the book _ she spent $10?2. Do you like the book _ she paid $10?Use proper prepositions and relative pronouns to fill in the blanks.3. Do you like the book _ she lear

36、ned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _ she often talks? 5. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 6. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.7. This is the book _ I am looking for. Period Four (U2)The attributive clause introduced by when, wher

37、e and why.Fill in the blanks with “prep + relative pron”.1. Do you remember the day _ we left you in charge.2. I often think of the moment _ I saw the UFO.3. I remember the time _ Eric won that speech competition.4. It rained the whole day _ he travelled with his family.5. The police searched the ho

38、use _ the thief had stayed.6. Mike wants to work in a country _ there are a lot of rainforests.7. This is not a family _ bad behavior goes unpunished.8. The study is the place _ I often have talks with my father.9. I wont listen to the reason _ you didnt do your homework.10. This is the reason _ my

39、parents got home earlier.1. Do you remember the day _ we left you in charge.2. I often think of the moment _ I saw the UFO.3. I remember the time _ Eric won that speech competition.4. It rained the whole day _ he travelled with his family.5. The police searched the house _ the thief had stayed.6. Mi

40、ke wants to work in a country _ there are a lot of rainforests.7. This is not a family _ bad behavior goes unpunished.8. The study is the place _ I often have talks with my father.9. I wont listen to the reason _ you didnt do your homework.10. This is the reason _ my parents got home earlier. “when”

41、 or “which”?1. I still remember the days _ we stayed together in Beijing.2. I still remember the days _ we spent together in Beijing.3. I still remember the days _ we enjoyed ourselves in Beijing.4. I still remember the days _ we enjoyed in Beijing. “where” or “which”?5. That blue house is the place

42、 _ I lived yesterday.6. That blue house is the place _ I visited yesterday.7. That blue house is the place _ I paid a visit yesterday.8. That blue house is the place _ I paid a visit to yesterday.9. Do you know the reason _ he told me the news last week?10. Do you know the reason _ he told me last w

43、eek?11. Do you know the reason _ he was late this morning?12. Do you know the reason _ he was late for this morning?1. 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why 2. 關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所作的成份： 關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中都作狀語(yǔ)。 when 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；where 作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)； why 作原因狀語(yǔ)。如：定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法3. 并非先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞時(shí)都用when, where, why，若先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不作狀語(yǔ)，而是作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或定

44、語(yǔ)就必須用關(guān)系代詞1),We often think of the days which we spent together in the countryside.which在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)2).We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside. when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于 on the days。比較: 1).We believe the reason _ he told us. 2).The reason _he was absent yesterday is still unknown

45、. This is the factory _produces radios. This is the factory _radios are produced.3.The pen (_) she wrote that book) can now be seen in a museum.4.Kunming is a beautiful place ( _ ) flowers are seen all the year round.5.Yesterday we went to visit the house ( _ ) the great writer used to live.4. 關(guān)系副詞w

46、hen, where和why也可用“介詞+which”來(lái)代替，要注意其先行詞（名詞）與介詞的合理搭配，介詞根據(jù)先行詞或定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)確定。 when 相當(dāng)于“at/in/during+which” where 相當(dāng)于“in/at/on+which” why 相當(dāng)于“for + which” 如：注意：關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在從句中作狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞。The factory that/which Mr. Wang works in is a shoe one.The factory in which Mr. Wang works is a shoe

47、one.The factory where Mr. Wang works is a shoe one.如：王先生工作的那家工廠是一家鞋廠。他將永遠(yuǎn)記住他入團(tuán)的那天。 He will forever remember the day _he joined the League on.2. He will forever remember the day _he joined the League.3. He will forever remember the day _he joined the League.1. I shall never forget those years _ I liv

48、ed in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. that C. where D. when 3. The film brought the hours back to me_ I

49、was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. when D. where5. There was _ time_ I hated to go to school. A. a, that B. a, when C. the, that D. the, when6. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have got home. A. whose time B. that C. on whi

50、ch D. by which7. If a shop has chairs_ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where 8. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where 9. Those successful deaf dancers thin

51、k that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. A. when B. whose C. which D. where 10. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when 11. The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where 12. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where C. w