新概念一語法知識點總結

1、新概念英語第一冊語法知識點包括一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，一般過去時，現(xiàn)在完成時，一般將來時，過去進行時，過去完成 時，過去將來時1. 一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動作或一般性事實。含有 be 動詞的句子He is a teacher.Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.變疑問句將be 動詞移到句首Ishe ateacher?Isthegirlverybeautiful?AreTimandJackstudents?變否定句在be 動詞后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girlis not verybeautiful.

2、Tim and Jack are notstudents.Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.不含有be 動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.變疑問句在句首加does, 動詞變?yōu)樵虳oes he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesn t,

3、動詞變?yōu)樵停渲械膭釉~不再有第三人稱變化。He doesn t like books.She doesn t like him.The dog doesn t like bones.Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesnt.Yes, she does. No, she doesn tYes,itdoes.No,itdoesnt.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后面加S,不要和名詞復數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時名詞復數(shù)沒有任何變化。其他人稱及復數(shù)名詞I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students likesmart teachers

4、.肯定回答及否定回答：變疑問句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the studentslike smart teachers?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加don t.You don t want tohavea bath.We don t have anymeat.The studentsdon tlikesmart teachers.Yes, I do. No, I don t.Yes, we do. No, we don tYes, they do. No, theydon t.2. 現(xiàn)在進行時：現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)

5、在正在進行的動作。構成：主語 +be 動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分（ 現(xiàn)在分詞的構成見附錄）We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.變疑問句將be 動詞移到句首Are we havinglunch?Is he readinga book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?變否定句在be 動詞后面加notWe

6、are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming acrossthe river.特殊疑問句： what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑問詞+動詞 +主語 +現(xiàn)在分詞Whatare you doing?Whatisshedoing?Whatisthedog doing?沒有進行時的動詞（ 必背 ）表示狀態(tài)，思想， 感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進行的動作1. 表示感覺，感官的詞see, hear, like, l

7、ove, want,2. have, has 當”擁有”講時沒有進行時新概念英語第一冊知識點之一般過去時：一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事件，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, the day beforeyesterday, 3 days ago,含有 be 動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am, is 的過去式為was， are 的過去式為wereI was at the butcher s.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.變疑問句將b

8、e 動詞移動到句首Were you at the butcher s?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?變否定句在be 動詞后面加notI was not at the butcher s.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were no

9、t.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑問句：What did you do?（ 必背 ）不含有 be 動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式，動詞過去式構成見附錄I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.變疑問句在句首加did ， 動詞變?yōu)樵虳id you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did th

10、e Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didn t.Yes, he did. No, he didn t.Yes, they did. No, they did not.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時構成：主語+助

11、動詞have,has+過去分詞用法：1） 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動作，常和just, usually, already, since 等時間副詞連用I have just had lunch.（飽了，不用再吃了）He has had a cup of tea.（ 不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday. （ 不 能 再 度假了 ）The boy has already read the book. （ 已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了）2） 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時：Have you finished your homewo

12、rk?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3） 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4）表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗：去過地方，做過事情，經(jīng)歷過事情IhaveneverIhaveneverIhaveneverIhaveeverhad a bath.seen a film.been to cinema.Have been to 表示去過，have gone to表示去了been to Par

13、is.have been to London.（ 人已經(jīng)回來）He has gone toLondon.（ 人還在那里）5） 表示一種結果，般不和時間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：變疑問句將助動詞移到句首，變否定句在助動詞后面加not.e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑問句：What ha

14、ve you done?What has he done?一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時間狀語的句子為過去時注意：有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時間狀語連用錯： I ve left Beijing for 3 days. 對：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away f rom being for 3 days.一般將來時:一般將來時表示將來將要發(fā)生的動作, 經(jīng)常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, theyear after the nex

15、t, in five hours time, et c.結 構 ： 主 語 + 助 動 詞 will+ 動 詞 原 形I will go to America tomorrow. The pilot wi ll fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morn ing.變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Willyou go to Americatomorrow? Willthe pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?WillJack

16、move into his new house tomorrow morning?變否定句在助動詞后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow. The pilo t will not fly to Japan the month after the n ext.Jack will not move into his new housetomorrow morning肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will.No, I will not.Yes, he/she w111. No,he/she willnot. Yes, he will. No,hewillno

17、t.特殊疑問句：Whatwillyou do?4. 過去完成時：用法：在過去的時間里，兩個動作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個動作要用過去完成時。結構：had+過去分詞After she had finished her homework, she went s hopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price .The train had left before I arrived at the sta tion.After/before 引導的時間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號，如果放在主句后則不用加。1、 變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Had

18、she finished her homework?2、變否定句在助動詞后面加notShe hadn t finished her homework.3、 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadn t.4、 特殊疑問句：What had she done?5. 過去進行時：過去完成時表示過去正在進行的動作，經(jīng)常用在 when, while, as 引導的狀語從句中。結構： was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dinin g room this morning, he dropped some coins

19、 on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watc hing TV.6. 過去將來時：過去將來時的結構：would doShe said she would go here the next morning.兩個 特殊句型：there be 句型， be going to 結構1） Be going to 結構表示打算，準備，計劃做某事結構：主語+be 動詞 +going to + 動詞原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father

20、 is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.變疑問句將be 動詞移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to hisdaughter?變否定句在be 動詞后面加notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase t

21、o his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑問句What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?（ 必背 ）2） There be 句型表示哪里有什么東西（ 某處有某物）There is+ 單數(shù)名詞+表示場所的詞（ 一般為介詞詞組）There is a book in this room.There is a

22、 pen on the tableThere are+ 復數(shù)名詞+表示場所的詞（ 一般為介詞詞組）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.變疑問句將be 動詞移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?變否定句在動詞后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, ther

23、e is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.問句：一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句1) 一般疑問句：助動詞 /be 動詞 +主語Are you a teacher? Do you want to havea cupof tea?2) 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句What is your name?3) 選擇疑問句：orDo you want beef or lamb?4) 反意疑問句：肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分Youdont need that pen,do you?5) 否定疑問句

24、：一般疑問句+否定詞Aren tyoulucky? Dont youwant havea rest?知識點限定詞：some, any, many, muchsome, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句，注意，當期待對方somemany修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用 a lotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.I have a lotof money. I don thavemuch money.名詞：種類，復數(shù)，名詞所有格名詞所有格名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞1) 不可數(shù)名詞無

25、法分開的water, tea, bread,milk, rice（ 米 ）抽象的東西：love,beauty, coldness（ 寒冷 ）不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點：a, an 修飾be 動詞或動詞搭配2) 可數(shù)名詞：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s, 名詞復數(shù)共有以下幾種變化：規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1 一般情況 +s e.g. shell f shellsbookf books規(guī) 則 2 以 s, x, ch, sh 結 尾 +es e.g. fox f foxes church f churches,busbuses,watch f watches規(guī) 則 3 以 o

26、 結 尾 +s 或 +es e.g. potato f potatoes,Negrof Negroes,hero f heroes,tomato f tomatoes , (口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿)，剩下一般加 s, radio f radios規(guī) 則 4 以 f, fe 結 尾 的 ， 變 f, fe 為 ves e.g. life f lives half f halves, shelf f shelves, city f cities, wife f wives規(guī) 則 5 以 輔 音 字 母 +y 結 尾 ， 變 y 為 i+es e.g. skyskies fly flies不

27、規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(shù)形式man(men) woman(women) foot(feet) goose(geese) tooth (teeth)0child(children) sheep(sheep) deer(deer) mouse(mice) fish(fish)副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化副詞可以修飾形容詞，動詞，副詞或整個句子。如：The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.副詞變化形式：直接在形容詞后加-ly,careful-carefully, s

28、low-slowly,以輔音字母加y 結尾的形容詞，把y 變 I, 加 -ly,happy-happily, lucky-luckily有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化fast, hard, late有些詞加上-ly 后意思與原詞相差很遠：neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately情態(tài)動詞的使用：can, must, may, might, need情態(tài)動詞can（能夠），must（必須），may（可以）結構：主語+can/must/may+ 動詞原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We ca

29、n speak English.變疑問句將情態(tài)動詞移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?變否定句在情態(tài)動詞后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. No, he cannot.Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No, we cannot.特殊疑問句：What can you do?( 必背

30、)注意： 情態(tài)動詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動詞或動詞后面加S。1)Must/have to 的區(qū)別must 表示必須，是主觀上覺得應該做，have to 是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而 have to do可以用在任何時態(tài)2)must, may, might 表示猜測：must do 表示對現(xiàn)在事實的猜測must have done 表示對過去事實的猜測must have been doing 表示對過去正在進行的事實的猜測may/might do, may/might have done 表示沒有任何事實依據(jù)的猜測，migh

31、t 的可能性更小。can t/couldn t 表示不可能need 用法：need 表示“需要”時為實意動詞， 后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I don t.I need to have a rest.Need doing=need to be done ，表示被動The flowers need watering.Need在否定時做情態(tài)動詞使用：You needn t go so early. =You don t need to go so early.Must I clean the desk right

32、now? No, you needn t. 不定代詞及不定副詞：Some any no everythingsomething anythingnothingeverythingone someone anyone anything everyonewhere somewhere anywhere anywhere everywherebody somebody anybody nobody everybody1)I looked for my book everywhere, but I can t find it anywhere.2)If you want go somewhere, i

33、f you want to be someone, you must wake up.3)Help! Somebody? Anybody?4)You are really something.5)Since everybody is here, let s begin our clas s.6)Where didyou go? I went nowhere.7)Nobody isat home.8)I have nothing left.感嘆句：1) What +名詞 +主語+謂語What a beautifulgirlshe is!2) How + 形容詞+主語+謂語How beautifu

34、lthe girl is!祈使句：第二人稱：let+ 其他人稱代詞祈使句的否定，加don t反意疑問祈使句 （ 第二人稱）祈使句表示請求，命令，建議，邀請等，謂語動詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆好或者句號，用降調(diào)。肯定句動詞原型例， Come here, please. Go downstairs, please . Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful.祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號隔開，放在句首或者句尾Come in, Amy.Sit down here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.否定：Do

35、nt+ 動詞原型Dont come here.Don t sit down.Don t stand up.Dont givemeit.letsb. doLetmepass.Letushavearest.Let s have a rest.（ 反意疑問） ：we?Let s have a walk alongthe river, shallLet us go out for a drink, will you?倒裝句：so/neither 的倒裝 eg.He can swim. So can I.I didn t go to class. Neither did I.結構：so/neither+

36、be+ 主語so/neither+ 助動詞 + 主語so/neither+ 情態(tài)動詞+ 主語一般現(xiàn)在時，do,does/am,is, are現(xiàn)在進行時，am, is, are一般過去時，did現(xiàn)在完成時，have,has一般將來時，will,shall,過去進行時，was, were過去完成時，had過去將來時，would直接引語/ 間接引語:如果引語的主句所用動詞為過去時，那么間接引語要做相應變化：時態(tài)，人稱，時間地點及指示詞1) 時態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時-一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時-過去進行時一般過去時-過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時-過去完成時一般將來時-過去將來時be goingto-was/werego

37、ing to/wouldcan-couldmay-might2) 時間地點及指示詞的變化：here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that 3) 人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q4) 直接賓語/ 間接賓語主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，間接賓語是及物動詞的動作所涉及的人或事務，也可以說間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的，或者是為誰做的。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔當。He gives me a book.me間接賓語，a book直接賓語直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調(diào)換時要加一個介詞to 或 f

38、or主語+及物動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語Give me a book.Give the book to me.Send his a letter.Send a letterto him.Show him thenew dress.Show the new dress to him.動詞：1）代詞及 be 動詞 , 第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱 they主格 I we you you she/he/it賓格 me us you you her/him/it themtheir代詞所有格my our your your her/his/its名詞性詞 mine ours yours yours h

39、ers/his/its theirsbe 動詞現(xiàn)在時Am are are are is arebe 動詞過去時was were were were was were2) 名詞的復數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1 一般情況+s e.g. shell f shellstoy f toys規(guī) 則 2 以 s, x, ch, sh 結 尾+es e.g. fox f foxeschurch f churches規(guī) 則 3 以 o 結 尾 s 或 +es e.g. radio f radios potato f potatoes規(guī) 則 4 以 f, fe 結 尾 的 ， 變 f, fe 為 ves e.g. life f lives half f halves規(guī) 則5 以 輔音 字 母 +y