2016年全國英語專四考試題和完整答案解析

1、2016年英語專四考試答案Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA

2、),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.?ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)Theyadmirethecourageofspaceexplorers.?B)Theyenjoyedthemovieonspaceexploration.?C)Theyweregoingtowatchawonderfulmovie.?D)Theylikedoingscientificexplorationverymuch.2 .A)Atagiftsho

3、p.?B)Atagraduationceremony.?C)Intheofficeofatravelagency.?D)Inaschoollibrary.3 .A)Heusedtoworkintheartgallery.?B)Hedoesnothaveagoodmemory.?C)Hedeclinedajobofferformtheartgallery.?D)Heisnotinterestedinanypart-timejobs.4 .A)Susanhasbeeninvitedtogivealecturetomorrow.?B)Hewillgotothebirthdaypartyafterth

4、electure.?C)Thewomanshouldhaveinformedhimearlier.?D)Hewillbeunabletoattendthebirthdayparty.5 .A)Rewardthosehavingmadegoodprogress.?B)Setadeadlineforthestafftomeet.?C)Assignmoreworkerstotheproject.?D)Encouragethestafftoworkinsmallgroups.6 .A)Thewaytothevisitorsparking.?B)TherateforparkinginLotC.?C)Ho

5、wfarawaytheparkinglotis.?D)Whereshecanleavehercar.7 .A)Heregretsmissingtheclasses.?B)Heplanstotakethefitnessclasses.?C)Heislookingforwardtoabetterlife.?D)Hehasbenefitedformexercise.8 .A)Howtoworkefficiency.?B)Howtoselectsecretaries.?C)Theresponsibilitiesofsecretaries.?D)Thesecretariesinthemanscompan

6、y.ConversationOneQuestions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9 .A)ItismoredifficulttolearnthanEnglish.?B)ItisusedbymorepeoplethanEnglish.?C)ItwillbeascommonlyusedasEnglish.?D)Itwilleventuallybecomeaworldlanguage.10 .A)Ithaswordswordsfrommanylanguages,?B)Itspopularitywiththecommonpeople.?

7、C)TheinfluenceoftheBritishEmpire.?D)TheeffectoftheIndustrialRevolution.11 .A)Itincludesalotofwordsformotherlanguages.?B)Ithasagrowingnumberofnewlycoinedwords,?C)Itcanbeeasilypickedupbyoverseastravelers.?D)Itisthelargestamongalllanguagesintheworld.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejusthe

8、ard.?12 .A)Toreturnsomegoods.?B)Toapplyforajob.?C)Toplaceanorder.?D)Tomakeacomplaint.13 .A)Hehasbecomesomewhatimpatientwiththewoman.?B)Heisnotfamiliarwiththe?exactdetailsofgoods.?C)Hehasnotworkedinthesalesdepartmentforlong.?D)Heworksonapart-timebasisforthecompany.14 .A)Itisnothisresponsibility.?B)It

9、willbefreeforlargeorders.?C)Itcosts15moreforexpressdelivery.?D)Itdependsonanumberoffactors.15 .A)Reporttheinformationtohersuperior.?B)Payavisittothesaleswomanincharge.?C)Ringbackwhenshecomestoadecision.?D)Makeinquirieswithsomeothercompanies.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.

10、Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepas

11、sageyouhavejustheard.?16. A)Nooneknowsexactlywheretheywere?B)Nooneknowsforsurewhenthycameintobeing.?C)Nooneknowsforwhatpurposetheywere?D)Nooneknowswhattheywill17. A)Carryropesacrossrivers.?B)Measurethespeedofwind.?C)Passonsecretmessages.?D)Givewarningsofdanger.18. A)Toprotecthousesagainstlightning.?

12、B)Totesttheeffectsofthelightningrod.?C)Tofindoutthestrengthofsilkforkites.?D)Toprovethelightningiselectricity.PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19. A)Sheenjoysteachinglanguages.?B)Shecanspeakseverallanguages.?C)Shewastrainedtobeaninterpreter.?D)Shewasbornwithatalentforlan

13、guages.20. A)Theyacquireanimmunitytocultureshock.?B)Theywouldliketoliveabroadpermanently.?C)Theywanttolearnasmanyforeignlanguagesaspossible.?D)Theyhaveanintenseinterestincross-culturalinteractions.21. A)Shebecameanexpertinhorseracing.?B)ShegotachancetovisitseveralEuropeancountries.?C)Shewasabletotra

14、nslateforaGermansportsjudge.?D)Shelearnedtoappreciateclassicalmusic.22. A)Tastethebeefandgivehercomment.?B)Takepartinacookingcompetition.?C)Teachvocabularyforfoodin?D)GivecookinglessonsonPassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23. A)Hehadonlyathird-gradeeducation.?B)Heoncethr

15、eatenedtokillhisteacher.?C)Hegrewupinapoor?D)Heoftenhelpedhis24. A)Careless.?B)Stupid.?C)Brave.?D)Active.25. A)Writetwobookreportsaweek.?B)Keepadiary.?C)Helpwithhousework.?D)WatcheducationSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlist

16、encarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Whenyoulookupatthenightsky,whatdoyousee？Thereareother?bodiesouttherebesidesthemoonandstars.O

17、neofthemost?ofthisisacomet.Cometswereformedaroundthesametheearthwasformed.Theyaremadeupoficeandotherfrozenliquidsandgasses.?thesedirtysnowballsbegintoorbitthesunjustastheplanetsdo.Asacometgetsclosertothesun,somegassesinitbegintounfreeze.Theycombinewithdustparticlesfromthecomettoformahugecloud.Asthec

18、ometgetsevennearertothesunandsolarwindblowsthecloudbehindthecometthusformingitstail.Thetailandgenerallyfuzzyatmospherearoundthecometare?thatcanhelp?thisphenomenoninthenightsky.Inanygivenyear，aboutdozenknowncometscomeclosetothesunintheirorbits.Theaveragepersoncantseethemallofcourse.Usuallythereisonly

19、oneortwoayearbrightenoughtobeseenwiththe?eye.CometHale-Boppdiscoveredin1995wasanunusuallybrightcomet.Itsorbitboughtittotheearthwithin122millionmilesofit.ButHale-Boppcamealongwayonitsearthlyvisit.Itwontbebackforanother4thousandyearsorso.PartHl?ReadingComprehension?（40minutes）SectionADirections:Inthis

20、section,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinet

21、hroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.FormanyAmericans,2013endedwithanunusuallybittercoldspell.NovemberandDecember?36?earlysnowandbone-chillingtemperaturesinmuchofthecountry,partofayearwhen,forthefirsttimeintwo?37?,record-colddays

22、willlikelyturnouttohaveoutnumberedrecord-warmones.ButtheU.S.wastheexception;Novemberwasthewarmestever?38?,andcurrentdataindicatesthat2013islikelytohavebeenthefourthhottestyearonrecord.Enjoythesnownow,because?39?aregoodthat2014willbeevenhotter,perhapsthehottestyearsincerecordshavebeenkept.Thatsbecaus

23、e,scientistsarepredicting,2014willbeanEINiuoyear.EIniuo,Spanishfor“thechild”,?40?whensurfaceoceanwatersinthesouthernPacificbecomeabnormallywarm.SolargeisthePacific,covering30%oftheplanetssurface,thatthe?41?energygeneratedbyitswarmingisenoughtotouchoffaseriesofweatherchangesaroundtheworld.EINinosare?

24、42?withabnormallydryconditionsinSoutheastAsiaandAustralia.TheycanleadtoextremeraininpartsofNorthandSouthAmerica,evenassouthernAfrica?43?dryweather.Marinelifemaybeaffectedtoo;EINinoscan?44?therisingofthecold,nutrient-rich養(yǎng)豐富的）waterthatsupportslargefish?45?,andtheunusuallywarmoceantemperaturescandestr

25、oycoral（珊瑚）.Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionbymarkingthe

26、correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ThePerfectEssayA） Lookingbackontoomanyyearsofeducation,Icanidentifyonetrulyimpossibleteacher.Shecaredaboutme,andmyintellectuallife,evenwhenIdidnt.Herexpectationswerehighimpossiblyso.ShewasanEnglishteacher.Shewasalsomymother.B） Whengoodstudentsturninanessay,theydream

27、oftheirinstructorreturningittotheminexactlythesamecondition,saveforasinglewordaddedinthemarginofthefinalpage.“Flawless.Thisdreamcametrueformeoneafternoonintheninthgrade.Ofcourse,Ihadheardthatgeniuscouldshowitselfatanearlyage,soIwasonlyslightlytakenabackthatIhadachievedperfectionatthetenderageof14.Ob

28、viously,Ididwhatandprofessionalwriterwoulddo;Ihurriedofftospreadthegoodnews.Ididntgetveryfar.ThefirstpersonItoldwasmymother.C） Mymother,whoisjustshyoffivefeettall,isnormallyincrediblysoft-spoken,butontherareoccasionwhenshegotangry,shewasterrifying.Iamnotsureifshewasmoreupsetbymyhubris（得意忘形）orbythefa

29、ctthatmyEnglishteacherhadletmyegogetsooutofhand.Inandevent.Mymotherandherredpenshowedmehowdeeplyflawedaflawlessessaycouldbe.Atthetime,Iamsureshethoughtshewasteachingmeaboutmechanics,transitions（過渡）,structure,styleandvoice.ButwhatIlearned,andwhatstuckwithmethroughmytimeteachingwritingatHarvard,wasade

30、eperlessonaboutthenatureofcreativecriticism.D） Firstoff,ithurts.Genuinecriticism,thetypethatleavesalastingmarkonyouasawriter,alsoleavesanexistentialimprint（印記）onyouasaperson.Ihaveheardpeoplesaythatawritershouldnevertakecriticismpersonally.Isaythatweshouldneverlistentothesepeople.E） Criticism,atitsbe

31、st,isdeeplypersonal,andgetstotheheartofwhywewritethewaywedo.Theintimatenatureofgenuinecriticismimpliessomethingaboutwhoisabletogiveit,namely,someonewhoknowsyouwellenoughtoshowyouhowyourmentallifeisgettinginthewayofgoodwriting.Conveniently,theyarealsothepeoplewhocareenoughtoseeyouthroughthispainfulre

32、alization.Formeittooktheformofmyfirst,andIhopeonly,encounterwithwritersblockIwasnotabletoproduceanythingforthreeyears.F） FranzKafkaoncesaid;“Writingisuttersolitude（獨(dú)處）,thedescentintothecoldabyss（深淵）ofoneself.”MymotherscriticismhadshownmethatKafkaisrightaboutthecoldabyss,andwhenyoumaketheintrospectiv

33、e（內(nèi)省的）descentthatwritingrequiresyouarenotalwayspleasedbywhatyoufind.But,intheyearsthatfollowed,hersustainedtutoringsuggestedthatKafkamightbewrongaboutthesolitude,Iwasluckyenoughtofindacriticandteacherwhowaswillingtomakethejourneyofwritingwithme.“Itisathingofnogreatdifficulty.”accordingtoPlutarch,“to

34、raiseobjectionsagainstanothermansspeech.itisaveryeasymatter,buttoproduceabetterinitsplaceisaworkextremelytroublesome.”IamsureIwroteessaysinthelateryearsofhighschoolwithoutmymothersguidance,butIcantrecallthem.WhatIremember,however,ishowshetookupthe“extremelytroublesome”workofongoingcriticism.G） There

35、aretwowaystointerpretPlutarchwhenhesuggeststhatacriticshouldbeabletoproduce“abetterinitsplace.”Inastraightforwardsense,hecouldmeanthatacriticmustbemoretalentedthantheartistshecritiques（評(píng)論）.Mymotherwaswellcoveredonthiscount.ButperhapsPlutarchissuggestingsomethingslightlydifferent,somethingabitclosert

36、oMarcusCicerosclaimthatoneshould“criticizebycreation,notbyfindingfault.”Genuinecriticismcreatesapreciousopeningforanauthortobecomebetteronhisowntermsaprocessthatisoftenextremelypainful,butalsoalmostalwaysmeaningful.H） Mymothersaidshewouldhelpmewithmywriting,butfirstIhadtohelpmyself.Foreachassignment

37、,IwastowritethebestessayIcould.Realcriticismisnotmeanttofindobviousmistakes,soifshefoundanythetypeIcouldhavefoundonmyownIhadtostartfromscratch.Fromscratch.Oncetheessaywas“flawless,”shewouldtakeaneveningtowalkmethroughmyerrors.Thatwaswhentruecriticism,thetypethatchangedmeasaperson,began.I） Shecritici

38、zedmewhenIincludedlittle-knownreferencesandprofessionaljargon（行話）.Shehadnopatienceforbrilliantbutirrelevantfiguresofspeech.“Writerscantbluff（虛張聲勢(shì)）theirwaythroughignorance.”ThatwasnewstomeIwouldneedtofindanotherwaytostructuremydailyexistence.J） Shetrimmedbackmyflowerylanguage,drewlinesthroughmyexclam

39、ationmarksandarguedforthevalueofrestraintinexpression.“John,”shealmostwhispered.Ileanedintohearher:“Icanhearyouwhenyoushoutatme.”SoIstoppedshoutingandbluffing,andslowlymywritingimproved.K） SomewherealongthewayIsetasidemyhopesofwritingthatflawlessessay.ButperhapsImissedsomethingimportantinmymothersle

40、ssonsaboutcreativityandperfection.Perhapsthepointofwrithingtheflawlessessaywasnottogiveup,buttoneverwillinglyfinish.Whitmanrepeatedlyreworked“songofMyself”between1855and1891.Repeatedly.Wedoourabsolutebestwithapieceofwriting,andcomeascloseaswecantotheideal.And,forthetimebeing,wesettle.Incritique,howe

41、ver,weareforcedtodepart,togiveuptheperfectionwethoughtwehadachievedforthechanceofbeingevenalittlebitbetter.ThisisthelessonItookfrommymother:Ifperfectionwerepossible,itwouldnotbemotivating.46. Theauthorwasadvisedagainsttheimproperuseoffiguresofspeech.47. Theauthorsmothertaughthimavaluablelessonbypoin

42、tingoutlotsofflawsinhisseeminglyperfectessay.48. Awritershouldpolishhiswritingrepeatedlysoastogetclosertoperfection.49. Writersmayexperienceperiodsoftimeintheirlifewhentheyjustcantproduceanything.50. Theauthorwasnotmuchsurprisedwhenhisschoolteachermarkedhisessayas“flawless”.51. Criticizingsomeonessp

43、eechissaidtobeeasierthancomingupwithabetterone.52. Theauthorlooksuponhismotherashismostdemandingandcaringinstructor.53. Thecriticismtheauthorreceivedfromhismotherchangedhisasaperson.54. Theauthorgraduallyimprovedhiswritingbyavoidingfancylanguage.55. Constructivecriticismgivesanauthoragoodstarttoimpr

44、ovehiswriting.SectionCPassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thewalletisheadingforextinction.Asaday-to-dayessential,itwilldieoffwiththegenerationwhoreadprintnewspapers.Thekindofshoppingwhereyouhandovernotesandcountoutchangeinreturnnowhappensonlyinthemostminorofourretailencounterslike

45、buyingabarofchocolateorapintofmilkfromacomershop.Attheshopswhereyouspendanyrealmoney,thatmoneyisincreasinglyabstracted.Andthisismoreandmoretrue,thehigherupthescaleyougo.Atthemostcutting-edgeretailstoresVictoriaBeckhamonDoverStreet,forinstanceyoudontgoandstandatanykindofcashregisterwhenyoudecidetopay

46、.ThestaffareequippedwithiPadstotakeyourpaymentwhileyourelaxonasofa.Whichisnothingmoreorlessthanexcellentservice,ifyouhavethemoney.Butacrosssociety,theabstractionoftheideaofcashmakesmeuneasy.MaybeImjustold-fashioned.Butearningmoneyisntquickoreasyformostofus.Isntitabitweirdthatspendingitshouldhappenin

47、halfablink(眨眼)ofaneyeDoesntawalletthattime-honouredFriday-nightfeelingofpleasing,promisingfatnessrepresentsomethingthatmattersButIllleavetheeconomicstotheexperts.Whatbothersmeaboutthedeathofthewalletisthechangeitrepresentsinourphysicalenvironment.Everythingaboutthelookandfeelofawalletthewaythefasten

48、ingsandmaterialswearandtearandloosenwithage,theplasticandpaperandgoldandsilver,andhandwrittenphonenumbersandprintedcinematicketsistheveryoppositeofwhatourworldisbecoming.TheoppositeofawalletisasmartphoneofaniPad.Theroundededges,coolglass,smoothandunknowableaspebble(鵝卵石).Insteadofdiggingthroughpieces

49、ofpaperandpeeringintocorners,wemoveourfingersleftandright.Nomorecountingoutcoins.Showyourwallet,ifyoustillhaveone.Itmaynotbeheremuchlonger.56. WhatishappeningtothewalletA) Itisdisappearing.?C)itisbecomingcostly.B) Itisbeingfattened.?D)Itischanginginstyle.57. Howarebusinesstransactionsdoneinbigmodern

50、storesA) Individually.?C)Intheabstract.B) Electronically.?D)Viaacashregister.58. WhatmakestheauthorfeeluncomfortablenowadaysA) Savingmoneyisbecomingathingofthepast.B) ThepleasingFriday-nightfeelingisfading.C) Earningmoneyisgettingmoredifficult.D) Spendingmoneyissofastandeasy.59. Whydoestheauthorchoo

51、setowriteaboutwhatshappeningtothewalletA) Itrepresentsachangeinthemodernworld.B) Ithassomethingtodowitheverybodyslife.C) Itmarkstheendofatime-honouredtradition.D) Itistheconcernofcontemporaryeconomists.60. WhatcanweinferfromthepassageabouttheauthorA)Heisresistanttosocialchanges.B)Heisagainsttechnolo

52、gicalprogress.C)Hefeelsreluctanttopartwiththetraditionalwallet.D)Hefellsinsecureintheever-changingmodernworld.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Everybodysleeps,butwhatpeoplestayuplatetocatchorwakeupearlyinordernottomissvariesbyculture.Fromdatacollected,itseemsthethingsthatcauseu

53、stolosethemostsleep,onaverage,aresportingevents,timechanges,andholidays.Aroundtheworld,peoplechangedsleeppatternsthankstothestartorendofdaylightsavingstime.Russians,forexample,begantowakeupaboutahalf-hourlatereachdayafterPresidentVladimirPutinshiftedthecountrypermanentlyto“wintertime”startingonOctob

54、er26.Russiasotherlatenightsandearlymorningsgenerallycorrespondtopublicholidays.OnNewYearsEve,Russianshavetheworldslatestbedtime,hittingthehayataround3:30am.RussiansalsogetupanhourlateronInternationalWomensDay,thedayfortreatingandcelebratingfemalerelatives.Similarly,Americanslatenightslatemornings,an

55、dlongestsleepsfallonthree-dayweekends.CanadagottheleastsleepoftheyearthenightitbeatSwedenintheOlympichockey(冰球)final.TheWorldCupisalsochieflyresponsibleforsleepdeprivation(剝奪),TheworstnightforsleepintheU.K.wasthenightoftheEngland-ItalymatchonJune14.Britsstayedupahalf-hourlatertowatchit,andthentheywo

56、keupearlierthanusualthenextmorningthankstosummernights,thephenomenoninwhichthesunbarelysetsinnortherncountriesinthesummertime.Thatwasnothing,though,comparedtoGermans,Italians,andtheFrench,whostayeduparoundanhourandahalflateronvariousdaysthroughoutthesummertowatchtheCup.Itshouldbemadeclearthatnotever

57、yonehasadevicetorecordtheirsleeppatterns,insomeofthesenations,itslikelythatonlytherichestpeopledo.Andpeoplewhoelecttotracktheirsleepmaytrytogetmoresleepthantheaverageperson.Evenifthatsthecase,though,theabovefindingsarestillstriking,Ifthemosthealth-consciousamongushavesuchdeepswingsinourshut-eyelevelsthroughouttheyear,howmuchsleeparetherestofuslosing61.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeoplessleepinghabits?A)Theyareculture-related?C)Theychangewiththeseasons.B)Theyaffectpeopleshealth.?D)Theyvaryfrompersontoperson.62 .WhatdowelearnabouttheRus