情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬pptConvertor

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載浠水一中2014屆英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題一：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣是高中語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)。高考英語(yǔ)完成句子試題部分對(duì)情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的考查主要涉及常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法，特別側(cè)重于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法和特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的應(yīng)用。高考英語(yǔ)完成句子試題部分對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考查重點(diǎn)在于根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ) 境靈活多樣地運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，賓語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的應(yīng)用， 交際用語(yǔ)中為表委婉而使用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，含蓄條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，以及特殊句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣等。學(xué)好虛擬語(yǔ)氣，除了掌握基本的結(jié)構(gòu)外，還要注意句子所表達(dá)的意義與現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去還是將來(lái)的事實(shí)相反，看清時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。另外還要注意在其他結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的運(yùn)用。

2、年 份時(shí)態(tài) 語(yǔ)態(tài)比較 結(jié)構(gòu)情態(tài)動(dòng) 詞與虛 擬語(yǔ)氣非謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞名詞性 從句定語(yǔ) 從句狀語(yǔ) 從句特殊 句式with結(jié)構(gòu)07112030011082120110300931121110010102112010110013201201211131012113201311110專(zhuān)題考點(diǎn)聚焦考點(diǎn)一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣和情緒，本身詞義不全，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須與后面的動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化， 有的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式。常見(jiàn)的情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞有 can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, woul

3、d, ought to, need, dare, used to等。1. can, could 的用法規(guī)則1 ：表示體力或腦力(知識(shí)、技能)所產(chǎn)生的能力。如：Her mother can speak Fren ch.He could read books in En glish whe n he was only five.規(guī)則2:表示客觀的可能性。如：An ybody can make mistakes.Man cannot live without air.規(guī)則3：表示"經(jīng)過(guò)努力后終于能”用 be able to。如：They were able to put out the f

4、ire without any help from the firefighters.規(guī)則4： must表示"必須”。強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，否定式是must not(mustn't),表示“禁止，不準(zhǔn)”。如：Everybody must obey the rules.You must n't speak like that to your mother.Must I be home before eight o'clock?Yes, you must./ No, you n eed n't./No, you don't have to.

5、規(guī)則5:用于第二人稱的疑問(wèn)句中表示有禮貌的詢問(wèn)和請(qǐng)求，would比will更委婉。如：Would you teach us how to drive a car?Will you please give him a message whe n you see him?規(guī)則6：表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、傾向性，意為“總是，慣于”。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過(guò)去。如：Fish will die without water.He will sit for hours read ing.He would come to see me on Sun day whe n he was in Beiji ng.

6、規(guī)則7:表示功能，譯作“能”或“行”。如：That will do.The mach ine won't work.He tried the door aga in, but it would n't ope n.規(guī)則8： would與used to的區(qū)別：（1）used to表示過(guò)去的某種習(xí)慣，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒(méi)有那樣的習(xí)慣了，側(cè)重現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去的對(duì)比；would只表示過(guò)去有某種習(xí)慣，沒(méi)有側(cè)重現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去的對(duì)比。表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)，只能用 used to,不能用 would。如：There used to be a park here.規(guī)則9:表示說(shuō)話人的意愿，有“命令，允諾，警告，決心”等意

7、思，用于第二、第三人稱。如：You shall do as I say.按我說(shuō)的做。（命令）You shall have my an swer tomorrow.你明天可以得到我的答復(fù)。（允諾）規(guī)則10： shall用在條約，規(guī)章，法令等文件中，表示必然結(jié)果，多用于第二、三人稱，常 譯為“必須”。如：“ The in terest shall be divided into five parts, accord ing to the agreeme nt made by both sides.”declared the judge.法官宣判，利潤(rùn)應(yīng)按照雙方協(xié)定分成五份?！緶剀疤崾尽?must表

8、示“必須”，只是一種主觀要求，語(yǔ)氣與 shall相比，差之甚遠(yuǎn)。 規(guī)則11: should表示推測(cè)或責(zé)備，意為“想必一定，照說(shuō)應(yīng)該，估計(jì)”等；表推測(cè)時(shí)往往 指推測(cè)有一定的依據(jù)。如：The film should be very good as it is starri ng first class actors.這部電影是一流演員主演的，估 計(jì)拍得很好。It's 8 o'clock now. They should be home now.現(xiàn)在是8點(diǎn)了。他們應(yīng)該在家。規(guī)則12： should用于表示驚奇、遺憾不該發(fā)生的事情，常譯作“竟然”。如：Why should you be

9、 so late today?你今天竟然這么晚？規(guī)則13:在大多數(shù)情況下，ought to都可以被should代替。ought to語(yǔ)氣比should重，往往 表示從法律上或從道義上“應(yīng)該”。如：You should n't judge a stra nger always by the clothes he wears .你不應(yīng)當(dāng)總是以貌取人。Parents ought to send their children to school when they reach seven years old.當(dāng)孩子滿七歲時(shí)， 家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該送孩子去上學(xué)。規(guī)則14： dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“敢于”，用

10、于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。如：She dare not go there.How dare he do such a thing?規(guī)則15：慣用短語(yǔ)“ I dare say”意為“我想，大概”。如：I dare say he is right.規(guī)則16： dare還可以用作行為動(dòng)詞，其變化與一般動(dòng)詞相同。如：The girl did n't dare to go home.Do you dare to jump into the ocea n?I don't dare (to) ask her.【溫馨提示】在否定句中，dare后的“ to +動(dòng)詞原形”可以省略to。規(guī)則17：

11、 must有“偏要、硬要”之意。如：How old are you, madam?If you must know, I'm twice my son's age.考點(diǎn)二情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與完成體“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)考查的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)，記住以下最常 考查的結(jié)構(gòu)： must have done過(guò)去一定做了某事 can't/couldn't have done過(guò)去不可能做了某事 may/might have done過(guò)去可能做了某事 need n't have done本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要做而實(shí)際做了某事 could have done本來(lái)能夠做

12、而實(shí)際沒(méi)有做某事 should/ought to have done本來(lái)應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際沒(méi)有做某事 should have done竟然做過(guò)某事 shouldn '/oughtn ' tohave done本來(lái)不該做而實(shí)際做了某事 注意：沒(méi)有 mustn't have done 結(jié)構(gòu)There's no light in the room. They must have gone to bed.You could have done the work better.你本來(lái)可以把工作做得更好一些的。You ought to have done the exercise

13、 more carefully.考點(diǎn)三情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)功能can, could , may, might, must皆可表示推測(cè)，使用時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 注意語(yǔ)氣。語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)用must, cann ot, could n't;語(yǔ)氣較弱用 may, might或can, could。 注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may, might, must;在否定句、疑問(wèn)句中常用can, could。 注意時(shí)態(tài)。表示對(duì) 現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái) 的情況的推測(cè)，此時(shí)通常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)正在進(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)，通常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+進(jìn)行體”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，通常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成體”結(jié)

14、構(gòu)。He is in hospital. He can't be at school.The baby does n't want anything. She must be full.He has a car. He may come by car, but I am not sure.考點(diǎn)四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一些特殊搭配can't too/over = can't adj./adv.e no ugh 再也不過(guò)分You cannot be too careful can't help/choose but do 不得不做I could n't but

15、choose to wait. can't help (to) do不能幫忙做 can't help doing情不自禁做 can't/couldn't agree more 十分贊成 it can't/couldn't be better 十分好，非常好 might as well還是的好，不妨If that is the case, we may as well try.Now that they were all here, she might as well speak her mind. 表示祝愿（不用might）。采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序：m

16、ay +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+!如：May you succeed!May the frien dship betwee n our two peoples last forever!考點(diǎn)五虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法規(guī)則1：條件與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞用were）;主句謂語(yǔ)用would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形。規(guī)則2:條件與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done;主句謂語(yǔ)用would/should/could/might + have done。女如: If I had done it in time, I should have had a

17、 good time. 如果我及時(shí)做的話，日子就好過(guò)多了。（可惜當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)能及時(shí)做）規(guī)則3：條件與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)用should do/were to do或一般過(guò)去時(shí)；主句謂語(yǔ)用 would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形。如：If it were to rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car.女口果明天下雨的話，我就不開(kāi)車(chē)了。（明天的情況還不知道）考點(diǎn)六含蓄虛擬條件句這樣的虛擬句不含有if從句，而是以 but for/without/or/otherwise等引導(dǎo)的句子代替 if從句，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與前面虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本用法

18、相同。With your help, we might finish the plan earlier.要是有你的幫助，我們就可以早些完成任務(wù)。（介詞短語(yǔ) with your help相當(dāng)于虛擬條件句）考點(diǎn)七主從句時(shí)間不一致的虛擬條件句在有些虛擬條件句中，主從句時(shí)間不一致，應(yīng)根據(jù)不同情況區(qū)別對(duì)待。這就是所謂的“錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣”。如：If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，現(xiàn)在做得就會(huì)容易些了。If he had not take n my advice, he would n't do it

19、 much better like this.如果他過(guò)去不聽(tīng)我的建議，他就不會(huì)做得這么好了。考點(diǎn)八 虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的倒裝在條件句中，如果有 were, had, should等，則可省略if,但應(yīng)注意把 were, had, should 等提至U從句主語(yǔ)之前。 女口： If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. = Were he to come, I would join him in the discussio n. 如果他來(lái)，我將和他一道參加討論?？键c(diǎn)九名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣規(guī)則 1:在 in sist; comma nd

20、, order ； dema nd, request, require , desire; advise, propose, suggest, recommend等表示“命令、要求、建議”的動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：He proposed that we（should）deal with the problem by the view of developme nt.他建議我們應(yīng)該用發(fā)展的眼光處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。規(guī)則2：與上述動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞suggestio n, order, dema nd, proposal等后的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should可省略)。如：

21、My proposal is that we(should)set a deadli ne for handing in the pla n.我的建議是為這個(gè)計(jì)劃設(shè)定一個(gè)上交的期限。規(guī)則3：在It be suggested(ordered, demanded, proposed，)that結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語(yǔ)從句中也要使 用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：It's required that every student be on time for school.要求每個(gè)學(xué)生準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校。規(guī)則4： do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑問(wèn)句中作插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的動(dòng)詞也使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣即“ should

22、 +動(dòng)詞原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。如：What type of computer do you recomme nd/suggest we(should)buy?你建議我們買(mǎi)什么類(lèi)型的電腦呢？規(guī)貝U 5:在 It's + necessary, essential,important, strange, natural 等形容詞+ that從句或 It's a pity , a shame等名詞+ that從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以使用should do。如：It is n ecessary that the badly woun ded man should be tr

23、eated immediately. 這位重傷員必須馬上 治療。It's a pity that you should be so careless.你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜?？键c(diǎn)十虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他一些句型中的用法規(guī)則1在wish從句中表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反”，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：I wish I were you.How he wishes that he were a bird!表示愿望與“過(guò)去事實(shí)相反”，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：I wish I had seen the film last night.We wish that we had visited the Great W

24、all last year.表示愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小，從句常用could/might/would +動(dòng)詞原形。如：We wish we would live on the moon one day.規(guī)則2: It's high time that從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以使用過(guò)去式，也可使用should +動(dòng)詞原形；表示“早該了” ，其中should不可省略。如：It's high time we got up/should get up.我們?cè)缭撈鸫擦?。?guī)則3： would rather +從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況相反；用過(guò)去完成式，表示與過(guò)去的情況相反。如：

25、1 would rather you came tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天來(lái)。規(guī)則4： if only但愿，要是多好啊。如：If only you had n't offen ded him.你當(dāng)時(shí)不惹他就好了。If only he could come tomorrow.他明天能來(lái)就好了。規(guī)則5： as if從句中是否使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣要根據(jù)句子的實(shí)際含義而定。咼考真題及咼考變式題1. 2013 湖北卷Most believe hefor England last week, but for aserious injury which put him out of football.

26、(play)多數(shù)人認(rèn)為，要不是受了重傷而告別足球，上周他本會(huì)為英格蘭踢球的。答案would/could have played2 .2012 湖北卷Had we not used an out - of - date train schedule, wethe trai n.(miss)要不是用了一張過(guò)期的列車(chē)時(shí)刻表，我們就不會(huì)誤了火車(chē)。答案would n't have missed3. 2011 湖北卷變式Ifalcohol last night, I could have drivenmy car home.(dri nk)如果我昨晚沒(méi)有喝酒，我就能夠開(kāi)車(chē)回家。答案I had n&

27、#39;t drunk4 . 2010 湖北卷變式Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention at the meeti ng.(discuss)約翰遜先生主張?jiān)跁?huì)上討論那個(gè)值得關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。答案(should) be discussed5. 2010 湖北卷變式 It's said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but theybecause the ocea n in betwee n is too wide.(do)據(jù)說(shuō)他們從大陸游到了

28、那個(gè)島嶼，但是由于中間的海洋太寬，他們不可能做到。答案can' t/could n't have done it6. 2009 湖北卷變式After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the comma nd from the gro und thatas scheduled the n ext day.(la nd)繞地球運(yùn)行三天后，神舟飛船接到了來(lái)自地面的第二天按時(shí)著陸的命令。答案it (should) land7. 2008 湖北卷變式I fell so sick.

29、I wish Mum to eat somuch.(force)我感到有點(diǎn)發(fā)嘔。真希望媽媽沒(méi)有逼我吃這么多。答案had n't forced me8. 2007 湖北卷變式 He looks sleepy. He mustlast night, writing the essay.(stay)他看起來(lái)很困倦，昨晚他一定熬夜寫(xiě)文章了。答案have stayed up9. 2007 湖北卷變式It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he in pla nning the monument, o

30、r in help ing tran sport and pull up the ston es.(ha nd)有可能史前巨石柱之王與這些石頭息息相關(guān)：他可能參與了這座紀(jì)念碑的策劃,或者幫忙運(yùn)輸和豎起石頭。答案may/might/could have had a hand10. 2013 北京卷變式If wea table earlier, we would n't be sta ndi nghere in a queue.(book)如果我們?cè)缧╊A(yù)訂座位，現(xiàn)在也就不用站在這里排隊(duì)了。答案had booked11. 2013 天津卷變式If he had spent more time

31、 practicing speaking English before,heit much better no w.(able)如果他以前花更多的時(shí)間練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，他現(xiàn)在就能說(shuō)得更好些。答案would be able to speak12. 2013 安徽卷變式Ito my cousin's birthday party last night,but I was not available.(go)我昨天晚上本來(lái)想要去我表兄的生日聚會(huì)，但是沒(méi)有空。答案would have gone13. 2013 江蘇卷變式I should not have laughed if Iyou werese

32、rious.(th ink)如果我(當(dāng)時(shí))認(rèn)為你是認(rèn)真的，我就不會(huì)笑了。答案had thought14 .2013 浙江卷變式Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eyeexamat the age of six mon ths old.(be)眼科醫(yī)生建議孩子的第一次眼睛檢查應(yīng)該在六個(gè)月的時(shí)候(進(jìn)行)。答案(should) be taken15. 2013 遼寧卷變式 Harry is feeling uncomfortable. Hetoomuch at the party last ni ght.(dri nk)哈利感覺(jué)不舒服，他在

33、昨晚的聚會(huì)上一定是喝多了。答案must have drunk強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1. Had local leaders had eno ugh visi on and showed respect for cultural heritage, many more sitesof historical in terestno w.(sta nd)如果當(dāng)?shù)氐念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)有足夠的遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)并且尊重文化遺產(chǎn)，更多的歷史古跡至今仍會(huì)存在。答案would still sta nd2. Kobe Bryant was hurt attempting a game- tying jumper on the baseline; oth

34、erwise, he the match. (participate)科比布萊恩因跳躍搶球落地不穩(wěn)而受傷，不然，他就參加比賽了。答案would have participated in3 . When the golde n rice in cide nt was exposed, people criticized thattheyon childre n.(try)當(dāng)黃金大米事件被曝光時(shí)，人們批評(píng)說(shuō)他們不應(yīng)該在孩子身上試驗(yàn)這種大米。答案should n't have tried it out4. It was demanded from the local residents th

35、at the chemical plantas soon as possible. (move)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褚竽羌一S盡快搬走。答案(should) be moved (away)5. It is strongly recommended that the girlwith those boys, becausethey are addicted to drugs.(break)強(qiáng)烈建議那個(gè)女孩和那些男孩子斷絕關(guān)系，因?yàn)樗麄兌汲撩杂诙酒?。答?should) break up6. Mrs Bathurstto leave New Zealand by the hope of marriage

36、oralter natively by Ion eli ness.(persuade)巴瑟斯特夫人很可能已經(jīng)被說(shuō)服離開(kāi)新西蘭，要么是想結(jié)婚，要么是因?yàn)樘拍４鸢竚ight have bee n persuaded7. John wants to carry my luggage himself, but rd rather the hotel by taxi.(c onvey)約翰想要親自扛我的行李，但我寧愿用出租車(chē)把行李送到賓館。答案it were con veyed to/have it con veyed to8. She got caught in the traffic, or s

37、hewith her family now.(have)她塞車(chē)了，不然的話，此刻她正在與家人共進(jìn)晚餐。答案would be hav ing dinner9. Mary the diet ion ary, because she did n't give me an accurate expla nati on of the word.(refer)瑪麗一定沒(méi)查過(guò)詞典，因?yàn)樗龥](méi)給我這個(gè)詞的準(zhǔn)確解釋。答案can' t/could n't have referred to10. He is already over thirty. It's about time th

38、ata wife and settleddow n.(fi nd)他已經(jīng)過(guò)了三十歲了，是時(shí)候給自己找個(gè)老婆安定下來(lái)了。答案he fou nd himself11. If his pla n at the meeti ng yesterday, he would n't be sodiscouraged now. (meet)如果昨天他的計(jì)劃在會(huì)議上獲得了贊同，他現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么沮喪了。答案had met with approval12. On Sun days, at the entrance of the store, a man and a boy who is about 10 years old arecollect ing food for poor people who. (otherwise)星期天的時(shí)候，在商店的入口， 一個(gè)男人和一