小學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

1、1. |a, an的選擇|:元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用a.2| am , is , are 的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用 are.人稱(chēng)be動(dòng)詞IamYou, We, TheyareHe, She, It,某個(gè)人(Mike),某個(gè)身份(My father)is3|. have , has 的選擇：表示某人有某物。主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)用 has.4. there is, there are的選擇:表示某地有某物，某人。單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用 there are.5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some,疑問(wèn)句和否認(rèn)句用 any.6. 疑問(wèn)詞的選擇:wh

2、at 什么who 誰(shuí)where 哪里whose誰(shuí)的why 為什么when什么時(shí)候which 哪一個(gè)how怎樣， 如何how old 多大how many 多少how much 多少錢(qián)how heavy多重how big 多大how long多長(zhǎng)how tall 多高二：形容詞比擬級(jí)詳解當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比擬時(shí)，需要用到比擬級(jí)。比擬級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu) 通常是：A + be am , is , are +形容詞比擬級(jí) + than 比+ B A 比B更，如：I ' m taller and heavier than you.我比你更高和更重。An elephant is bigger than

3、 a tiger.一只大象比一只老虎更大。形容詞的比擬級(jí)是在形容詞的根底上變化而來(lái)的，它的變化規(guī)那么是: 一般的直接在詞尾加 er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger 以e結(jié)尾的，直接加r，如fine - finer , 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先改y為i再加er，女口funny - funnier, heavy-heavier 雙寫(xiě)最后的字母再加er,如big - bigger, thin - thinner ,hot-hotter注意 比擬的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比擬的東西。典型錯(cuò)誤：My hair is longer than you.我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng)

4、。比擬的兩者是我的頭發(fā)、你整個(gè)人，那么比擬的對(duì)象就沒(méi)有可比 性。應(yīng)該改為： My hair is Ion ger tha nyours. 或 My hair is Ion gerthan your hair .比擬級(jí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、從方框中選出適宜的單詞完成句子heavy tall long big(1) Howis the Y ellow River?How(4)How(2) Howis Mr Gree n?He' s 175cm.I wear size 18.s 2kg. re your feet?is the fish? It根據(jù)答句寫(xiě)出問(wèn)句 I ' m 160 cm. I

5、' m 12 years old. Amy s hair is 30 cm long.注意：How + 形容詞原形。二、根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)出所缺的單詞(1) I ' m 12 years old.You' re 14.I ' mthan you. A rabbit ' s tail isthan amon key s tail.(3) An elepha nt istha n apig.(4) A lake istha n a sea.三、根據(jù)中文完成句子.(1)?我比我的弟弟大三歲.I ' mtha n my brother.？這棵樹(shù)要比那棵樹(shù)高.Th

6、istreetha n that one.？你 比他矮四 厘 米 .Youaretha n he.？誰(shuí)比你重？tha n you？注意：當(dāng)比擬時(shí)出現(xiàn)了差距比方，大了幾歲、高了幾厘米，重了 多少斤時(shí)，應(yīng)將差距放在比擬級(jí)的前面，如：I am 2 years older tha n you.He is 10cm taller tha n me.三：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詳解動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么有：A、規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加 ed女口 worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加 d女口 lived , danced , used 以輔音字母加y結(jié)

7、尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed 此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少study studied carry carried worry worriedplay、stay 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少如 stoppedE、不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞此類(lèi)詞并無(wú)規(guī)那么，須熟記小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng) 詞的原形和過(guò)去式： sing - sang , eat - ate , see - saw , have - had , do - did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was , are were , say sai

8、d , leave left , swim swam , telltold , draw drew , come came , drink drank , hurthurt , feel-felt四：動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞ing形式詳解動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么： 一般的直接在后面加上ing ,女口 doing , going , working ,singing , eat ing 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去 e再加ing ，如having, writingtak ing 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞極少有：running , swimming ,sitt ing , gett ing五、|動(dòng)詞的第三人單

9、數(shù)形式1. 規(guī)那么變化：直接加s2. 不規(guī)那么變化：1以ch,sh, o結(jié)尾的加esgoes does watches, washes teaches2以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加es, triesHe ofte n goes to work on foot.My un cle plays computer games on the weeke nd.六：人稱(chēng)和數(shù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)Iwe第二人稱(chēng)youyou第三人稱(chēng)he, she, itthey七：句型專(zhuān)項(xiàng)歸類(lèi)一、肯定句：是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子，如：I ' ma stude nt.She is a doctor.He wo

10、rks in ahospital.There are four fans in our classroom.He will eatlunch at 12:00.I watched TV yesterday eve ning.二、否認(rèn)句：含有否認(rèn)詞或表示否認(rèn)意義詞的句子，如：I ' m not a student. She is not isn' t a doctor.He does not doesn ' t work in a hospital.There are not aren' t four fans in our classroom.He will n

11、ot won ' t eat lunch at 12:00.I did not didn ' t wa tch TV yesterday evening.注意 小結(jié)：否認(rèn)句主要是在肯定句的根底上加上了否認(rèn)詞“not 。 1有動(dòng)詞be的句子：可縮寫(xiě)成“ isn ' t，aren ' t ， am not 。2沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子：助動(dòng)詞do，does，did力口 not， 可縮寫(xiě)為“ don' t , doesn ' t , didn ' t 。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù) 人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇。三、一般疑問(wèn)句：是指詢(xún)問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子，此類(lèi)句子必須用“ yes

12、，或“ no 來(lái)答復(fù)。m not.如：Are you a student? Yes,I am / No, IIs she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn' t.Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn' t.Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren t.Are you going to buy a comic book toni ght?Yes, I am. / No

13、,No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren' t.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won ' t).Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren' t.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn ' t.注意 小結(jié)：一般疑問(wèn)句是在肯定句的根底上， 把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位，其他照寫(xiě)，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可。 沒(méi)

14、有動(dòng)詞be的句子那么要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do，does，did) 再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇般。一般疑問(wèn)句有個(gè)重要的原那么就是問(wèn)和答要一致，即怎么問(wèn)就怎么答。同時(shí)注意人稱(chēng)的變化。第一人稱(chēng)要變?yōu)榈诙朔Q(chēng)，如：I am listening to music.( 改為否認(rèn)句)-Are you liste ning to music?(四) 、特殊疑問(wèn)句：以特殊疑問(wèn)詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開(kāi)頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類(lèi)句子應(yīng)該問(wèn)什么就答什么，不能 “ye

15、s、no來(lái)答復(fù)。如：What is this? It ' s a computer.What does he do? He s a doctor.Where are you going? I ' m going to Beijing.Mike.Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?Which seas on do you like best?Whe n do you usually get up?Whose skirt is this?It 'Why do you like spri ng best?How a

16、re you? I ' m fine. / IHow did you go to Xinjia ng?Summer.I usually get up at 6:30.s Amy' s.Because I can pla nt trees'm happy.I went to Xinjia ng by train.其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問(wèn)詞組用來(lái)提問(wèn)，如：how many 多少數(shù)量， how much 多少錢(qián)，howtall 多高，howlong 多長(zhǎng)， how big 多大， how heavy多重該知識(shí)點(diǎn)已在形容詞比擬級(jí)中作了講解。例句： How

17、 many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.小結(jié)：how many用來(lái)提問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，主要有以上三種句式搭配，How many +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ do you have?你有多少？你能看見(jiàn)多少?How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see?有多少?5.How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there ?6. E T

18、 V7. E I O8. A U E十一：完全、縮略形式：I'm=Iamhe' s=he isshe' s=sheisthey ' re=theyareyou' re=youarethere ' s=thereisthey ' re二theyarecan' t=cannotdon' t=donotdoesn' t=does notisn ' t=isnotaren' t=arenotlet ' s=letuswon t=willnotI '11=1willwasn' t=wa

19、s not十二:與字母相關(guān)的題型注：五個(gè)元音字母是AaEeIiOo Uu )二.寫(xiě)出以下字母的左鄰右舍1.() Hh () 2.()Bb ()3.()LI ()4.() Rr () 5.()Qq ()6.()ww)三.用小寫(xiě)字母抄寫(xiě)以下單詞。1.ROOM()2.UNDER()3.PLEASE(4.PICTURE()5.WHERE()6.TWINS(7.EXCUSE()8.HOW()9.CAKE(1O.SMALL()三.將全是兀-音字母的那一組圈起來(lái)1. a c e2. i e o3. v u k4. e u I四.寫(xiě)出與所給單詞發(fā)音相同的字母大小寫(xiě)I.bee () 2.sea () 3.tea ()4.are 5.why 6.you 十三：其它【說(shuō)明】 許多序數(shù)詞是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后加th構(gòu)成的，女口： four / fourth，six / sixth，ten / ten th， sixtee n / sixtee nth, 但是 nine 變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞是 ninth，而不是 nineth。 twentieth, thirt