人教版高中英語選修7 Unit1 Grammar 精品課件

1、Revise the Infinitive Unit 1 GrammarDo you believe I can fly like a bird?How can you believe I can fly like a bird? _ is to believe. Its impossible for humans _ now.To seeto fly like a birdMarty says2. I used to climb trees, swim and play football.3. Then I started to get weaker and weaker.1. Unfort

2、unately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.4. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.5. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suff

3、ered.6. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Marty saysMarty says7. Last year I inventedand a big company has decided to buy it from me.8. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.9. Just accept them for who they are, an

4、d give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.不定式由“to+動詞原形”構成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構成。不定式不定式動詞不定式的作用動詞不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 1 主語主語 (subject) 2 表語表語 (predicative) 3 賓語賓語 (ob

5、ject) 4 賓補賓補 (object complement) 5 定語定語 (attribute) 6 狀語狀語 (adverbial) 7 獨立結構獨立結構 (absolute construction) 1 不定式作主語不定式作主語 (subject)To keep smiling is healthy for you.Its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.單個不定式作主語時單個不定式作主語時, ,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。謂語動詞用單數(shù)。若不定式太長若不定式太長, ,往往用

6、往往用itit作形式主語作形式主語, ,不不定式后置。定式后置。 My job to protect the world. Your task is to _.is2 不定式作表語不定式作表語 (predicative) Seeing is to believe. To see is believing. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 不定式常用在系動詞不定式常用在系動詞 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表語。等后作表語。All you have to do is (to) finish the job q

7、uickly.如果主語部分有個表示不定式內容的如果主語部分有個表示不定式內容的do, 用作表語的不定式可省略用作表語的不定式可省略to。 Yao Ming likes to play basketball. I find it still necessary (for him) to _ if he wants to win. 3 不定式作賓語不定式作賓語 (object)句型：句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt,c

8、are, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten,want, wish。4 不定式作賓補不定式作賓補 (object complement)My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.

9、The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.引導不定式作賓補的動詞：引導不定式作賓補的動詞：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等+sb to do sth listen to hear watch 五看五看 see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二聽二聽一感覺一感覺: feel+ sb do sth（不帶不帶to）1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from th

10、e tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.但當以上的動詞用于被動式，但當以上的動詞用于被動式，to要還原：要還原：2. Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.不定式做賓補時不帶不定式做賓補時不帶to的情況的情況1 不定式在感官動詞不定式在感官動詞(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后；后；2 使役動詞使役動詞 ( let,

11、have, make)后邊作后邊作賓補時賓補時, 省去省去to, 但是在被動語態(tài)中但是在被動語態(tài)中要還原要還原to；3 不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時后時, 如果這些介詞前有行為動詞如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的的各種形式各種形式, 那么介詞后的不定式不帶那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶相反則帶to。1. She could do nothing but cry.2. I have no choice but to go.3. What do you like to do besides sleep.5 不定式作定語不定式作定語 (attribut

12、e)1. Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear.2. Tom has a nice pen to write with.1. 不定式做定語時常放在被修飾的名不定式做定語時常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后詞或代詞之后 (a) She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends. (b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you.不定式作定語不定式作定語不定式作定語與所修飾的詞之間有不定式作定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種

13、關系：三種關系：I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 He is always the first to come.他總是第一個來。他總是第一個來。 We all have a chance to go to college.我們都有上大學的機會。我們都有上大學的機會。(1) 動賓關系動賓關系(2)主謂關系主謂關系(3)同位關系同位關系2. 當名詞被當名詞被the first ,the last, the only等詞以及形容詞最高級修飾時等詞以及形容詞最高級修飾時eg: She is always the first to come an

14、d the last to leave.3. something, anything, nothing, everything等復合不定代詞常用不定式等復合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。做后置定語。注意比較：注意比較：1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？你有什么東西要寄嗎？2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式（不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是的動作執(zhí)行者是you）（不定式（不定式to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的已被省

15、略的me 或或someone else） 4. 如果不定式是不及物動詞如果不定式是不及物動詞, 則后面需則后面需 適當?shù)慕樵~。適當?shù)慕樵~。 Please pass me some paper to write _. on3. 也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be 句型中。句型中。 There is no one to take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear.I got up early to _.You came here to_.in order to, so as to,enough to,only to, too . t

16、ocatch the train 6 不定式作狀語不定式作狀語 (adverbial) 在一些短語中也有體現(xiàn)在一些短語中也有體現(xiàn)eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.1. 表示目的表示目的: to in order to so as to不定式作狀語不定式作狀語2. 表示原因表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作狀語狀語, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude,

17、 cruel, disappointed等。等。eg: Im glad / pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.so + adj. / adv. + as to dosuch + adj. + n. +as to doadj. / adv.+ enough + to dotoo + adv. / adj. +to do He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to

18、believe it.3. 結果狀語結果狀語: :To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.to be frank to be honestto tell the truth7 獨立結構獨立結構 (absolute construction) 1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My

19、 ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想想一想4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow

20、students have begun to accept me for who I am. (attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. (adverbial)(adverbial)(object co

21、mplement)動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)形形 式式 主主 動動 被被 動動一般式一般式進行式進行式完成式完成式完成進完成進行式行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have beendone(1) They pretended not to see us.(2) He pretended to be sleeping. (3) She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/幾乎/發(fā)生在它之后。)(在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作

22、也正在進行。)(完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。)(4) Were happy to have been working with you. (完成進行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)。)不定式的時態(tài)不定式的時態(tài) 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式 to do I am glad to see you. He has decided to give her some money. 表示的動作通常與謂語所表示的動作表示的動作通常與謂語所表示的動作 或狀態(tài)同時或者幾乎同時發(fā)生，或是或狀態(tài)同時或者幾乎同時發(fā)生，或是 在它之后發(fā)生。在它之后發(fā)生。不定式的進行式不定式的進行式

23、to be doingI am very glad to be working with you.He pretended to be working hardwhen his boss passed him.表示的動作通常與謂語動詞表示的動表示的動作通常與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。作同時發(fā)生。不定式的完成式不定式的完成式 to have doneHe happened to have seen the film before. The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese.不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作不定式所表示的

24、動作發(fā)生在謂語動作或狀態(tài)之前?；驙顟B(tài)之前。He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get there in time.表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的期待或者計劃表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的期待或者計劃hoped, promised, wanted, wished, expected, plannedHe would like to have played theviolin at the concert.不定式的完成式在不定式的完成式在would like后邊表示后邊表示未能實現(xiàn)的愿望。未能實現(xiàn)的愿望。 不定式的語態(tài)不定式的語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)

25、to do 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài) to be doneIt is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.Everyone likes the hero to be praised.We asked him to stay till the nextday, but he refused to.Are you a teacher? Yes, and I haveto be.What we want to do now is lie downand have a good rest.I didnt say anything but to

26、 make a gesture.省略省略to與省略與省略do1. prefer n. (doing) to n. (doing)2. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.3. would rather do4. would rather + 句子（虛擬語氣）句子（虛擬語氣）5. advise / allow/ permit/ forbid sb. to do advise / allow / permit/ forbid) doing固定詞組和句型固定詞組和句型幾對易混淆的詞組：幾對易混淆的詞組：stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事停下來去做某事

27、 doing sth. 停止做某事停止做某事forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事忘記去做某事 doing sth. 忘記已做了某事忘記已做了某事remember to do sth. 記得去做某事記得去做某事 doing sth. 記得曾經(jīng)做某事記得曾經(jīng)做某事 The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.1. 主語主語be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容詞有能用于此句型的形容詞有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, h

28、ard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲勞的使人疲勞的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.主動形式表被動意義的不定式主動形式表被動意義的不定式The box is light enough to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.2. 主語主語+be +adj. + enough +to do The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.3

29、. 主語主語+be +too +adj. +to do1. Last summer I took a course on _. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made課堂練兵課堂練兵2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3. There

30、are five pairs_, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing4. I find these problems are easy _. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out5. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping

31、C. Sleep D. Having slept6. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone7. John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing8. Tom kept quiet about the accid

32、ent lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to9. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating1 愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2 據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。He is said _.3 根據(jù)報道他們已安全到達。根據(jù)報道