最精品英語高考復(fù)習(xí)---定語從句講解及練習(xí)解析

1、【定語從句】第一部分：基礎(chǔ)知識(一) .定語從句概述定語可以由形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，不定式，介詞短語來充當(dāng)。如果是一個句子擔(dān)任定語，那么這個句子就叫做定語從句，又可稱為形容詞性從句。定語從句通常修飾某一名詞或代詞，被定語從句修飾的這一名詞或代詞叫先行詞，它位于定語從句之前，定語從句在先行詞后面，應(yīng)盡量緊跟先行詞。定語從句的作用即在于對先行詞進(jìn)行限(二) .定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為兩類:關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose)關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)二引導(dǎo)詞在先行詞和定語從句之間，既起連接作用，即連接先行詞和定語從句，更重要的是，它又作定語

2、從句中作一個成分。(三) .關(guān)系代詞1. that指人，物，在從句中作主語，賓語，表語。ThisisthephotothatItookinthecountry.HeisthesingerthatImetyesterday.2. which指物，在從句中作主語，賓語，在非限定定語從句中充當(dāng)定語，或者代替前句Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasmoving.3. who指人，在從句中作主語，賓語。Thepersonwhovisitedourclassroomyesterdaywasournewheadmaster.ThemanwhoyoujusttalkedtoisTom.4

3、. whom指人，在從句中作賓語。Thatistheprofessorwhomyouwanttoknow.5. whose指人，物，在從句中作定語.相當(dāng)于先行詞+'s,后接一名詞。I knowtheboywhoseparentsaredead.Idon'tlikethosecitieswhoseroadsaredirty.【注】：關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省略。關(guān)系代詞有六個，聽我逐一來說破；which表物人用who，人物都有that顧；which用在逗號后，意表前句你要know;who做主語很稱職，whom用到賓語里；(四) .關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，有時相當(dāng)于介詞

4、+which，其中which指代先行詞不可以指示整個句子。1, when指時間，在從句中作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于at/on/in/duringwhich.Inneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IreachedthetopoftheHuangshanMountain.2, where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于at/in/to/whichThisistheschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudied.3, why指原因，在從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于forwhich.Thatstherealreasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.第二部分：關(guān)系

5、代詞的特殊用法(一)關(guān)系代詞指物時，用that而不用which的情況：1, 先行詞為something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,none,few等不定代詞時。MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdid2, 先行詞有thelast,thevery,theonly以及all,much,few,no,any,little等修飾時。ThisistheverybookthatImlookingfor.3, 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級（或所修飾）時。ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI

6、veeverseen.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestotheirmindistheWestLake.4, thesame修飾先行詞時，定語從句要用that或as引導(dǎo)，但意義不同。ThisisthesamewatchasIlostlastSunday.（表示相同但并非同一）ThisisthesameknifethatIusedyesterday.（表示就是那個）5, 先行詞既有人又有物時，只能用that。DoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTVlastSunday6, There

7、be后面的定語從句多用that弓I導(dǎo),不用which。There'saseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.7, 句子前面出現(xiàn)了who,which時，后面的定語從句用that引導(dǎo)。Theybuiltafactorywhichmadesomenewproductsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.Whoisthemanthatyouweretalkingaboutjustnow8, 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句作表語時，常用that,而不用which、who。Myhometownisnotthesmallvillagethatitwas10yearsag

8、o.Tomisn'tthemanthatheusedtobe（二）關(guān)系代詞指人時，有時只用who，而不用that。1，先行詞為指人的代詞one,those,theman,以及人稱代詞如he等。Thosewhoareoftenlateforschoolshouldbepunished.Hewhodoesn'treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2,先行詞為someone（somebody）,noone（nobody）,anyone（anybody）,everyone（everybody）。Anyonewhowouldliketoattendthepart

9、yshouldcomeontime.3,先行詞指人時，如有序數(shù)詞，最高級，thevery,theonly,thelast等修飾，定語從句既可用that也可用who引導(dǎo)。Heisthefirststudentwho/thatworkedouttheproblem.（三）關(guān)系代詞whose的用法：1, whose在從句中作定語，表示“先行詞的”，既可指人，也可指物。Johnismybestfriend,whosefatherisascientist.Theoldmanlivedinthehousewhosewindowwasbroken.Theboss,inwhosecompanymyfather

10、worked,wasveryfriendlytotheworkers.2, whose可以轉(zhuǎn)換為ofwhich（物）和ofwhom（人）。1）Thedictionarywhosecoverismissingismine.（劃線部分可改為thecoverofwhich或ofwhichthecover）2）TheyalsoinvitedMrWang,whosecarwasstolenlastSunday.（劃線部分可改為thecarofwhom或ofwhomthecar）（四）which的特殊用法：1, 關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，有時不是修飾某個先行詞，而是指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容

11、。特別注意，非限定定語從句中prep+which時，which只能指代先行詞，不可以指代句子。1）InChina,yousometimesgetahotdampclothtocleanyourfaceandhands,which,however,isnotthecustominwesterncountries.2）Helenoftencamelate,whichmadetheclassteacherangry.2, which有時可在定語從句中作定語，含義上相當(dāng)于指示代詞this/that。1）HestayedinEnglandfor5years,duringwhichtimehelearne

12、dEnglishwell.2）Itmayrainhardtomorrow,inwhichcaseIwon'tgofishing.【注】：which的這種用法與whose作定語不同。whose表示"先行詞的"。They'retalkingaboutafilm,whosenameIhaveforgotten.3,以介詞結(jié)尾的動詞不定式作定語時，可借關(guān)系代詞which把介詞前置。1) TomorrowwouldbeChristmasDay,andshehadonly$withwhichtobuyJimapresent.2) Thosepoorpeoplehadno

13、housestolivein/inwhichtolive.【注】如果先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞用whom。IwanttofindapersontotraveltoEnglandwith/withwhomtotraveltoEngland.(五) 關(guān)系代詞as的用法：1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句：當(dāng)先行詞有such,so,thesame等修飾時，關(guān)系代詞要用as;as在從句中可作主語，賓語和表語。1) .Ihaveneverseensuchakindgirlassheis.2) .Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)aseverystudentrespects.比較：H

14、eissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)thateverystudentrespectshim.(此句為such/so-th痔的結(jié)果狀語從句)3) .Suchastudentasoftenstudieshardissuretopassthisexam.4) .HeboughtthesamebikeasIdidlastweek.區(qū)另1JthatIdidlastweek2. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句：as不修飾某個先行詞，而是指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容，可譯為“這一點(diǎn)，此事；正如”，或不譯。這種從句可位于句首、句中或句尾。常見于asweallknow,ashasbeensa

15、idabove,asisusual,asisoftenthecase,aseverybodycansee,asisknowntousall等結(jié)構(gòu)。1) .Hehaspassedtheexam,asisapleasuretous.2) .Asweallknow,theearthmovesaroundthesun.3) .Thisexperiment,asyouhadexpected,succeededatlast.3. ，如前所述,which也可引導(dǎo)這種從句，兩者常可互換。(非限定性定語從句謂語句末且指代前面的主句)1)Thosetwostudentsarewearingthesamecloth

16、es,which/asisveryinteresting.2)Theycametothepartyontime,as/whichhadbeenexpected.但在以下兩種情況下有區(qū)別：1) .as從句可位于句首(或主句前)，而which從句只能在主句后。Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.2) .關(guān)系代詞作主語時，如果從句的謂語是及物動詞+賓語的結(jié)構(gòu),則只能用which。Hisfatherdiedinatrafficaccident,whichmadeusgreatlysurprised.3) 當(dāng)which在從句中指代的是先行詞

17、而不是主句，只能用whichThecar,whichwesawontheplayground,isMikes.4) “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時，只能用whichoRecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.5) 當(dāng)后置的非限定性定語從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu)時只能用which引導(dǎo)。Heresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichwehadn'texpected第三部分：關(guān)系副詞的特殊用法(一)關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的用法：1.關(guān)系代詞(which/tha

18、t)與關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)的選取方法：PT/A)當(dāng)先行詞是定語從句中的主語成宦語時，陸用羊系代詞°關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞，并代替先行詞在從句中作主語或賓語。B)如果先行詞不是定語從句中的主語或賓語，先行詞前面需要加上一個介詞才能在從句中作成分的時候,選用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為“介詞+which”。1) Doyourememberthedaywhich/thatwespentinthemountainvillageDoyourememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)wevisitedthemountainvillage2) Thisi

19、sthefactorywhich/thatwevisitedlastyear.Thisisthefactorywhere(=inwhich)heworkedlastyear.3) Wedon'tbelievethereasonwhich/thathegaveforhiscominglate.Wedon'tknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hehaschangedhismind.2. 關(guān)系副詞where的從句還可以修飾point,situation,case,activity,scene,stage等地點(diǎn)意味不明顯的先行詞。關(guān)系副詞when的從句可以修飾occ

20、asion,stay等時間意味不明顯的先行詞。關(guān)系副詞why只修飾reason這一個先行詞。1) Nowyoucanseewevecometothepointwhereachangeisbadlyneeded.2) TodaywelldiscusssomecaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtouseitproperly.3) TherearefewoccasionswhenmystudentscantunderstandwhatIteachinclass.3. when和where在少數(shù)情況下可作介詞賓語。1).Thenaughtyboywashiddenbehi

21、ndthedoor,fromwherehesawhismotherwalkingintothehouse.(where指代behindthedoor。不能換為which，因?yàn)閣hich只能指代thedoor)2).TheywenttoAmericanthreeyearsago,sincewhentheyhavelivedthere.(when指代threeyearsago。不能換為which，因?yàn)閣hich只能指代threeyears=andsincethen)(二) that在有些句型中可視為關(guān)系副詞：1 way后面的定語從句常用that或inwhich引導(dǎo)，但可省略。Idon'tl

22、iketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourparents.Theway(inwhich/that)heworkedontheproblemwaswrong.注:如果way在從句中作主語或賓語，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which/that。Heexplainedtheprobleminawaythat/whicheveryonecouldaccept.2 .Itis(about,high)timethat-(正)是的時候了。that從句中常用一般過去時，that在口語中可省略。Itwashightimethatwestoppedpollution.Itistimethaty

23、ouhadlunchnow.比較Therewasatimewhen(duringwhich)wewereshortofoil.3 .Thisisthefirst(second,last)timethat-(從句中常用完成時態(tài))Thisis/willbethelasttimethatIhavecometoChina.ItwasthefirsttimethathehadbeeninvitedtoChina.第四部分：定語從句有關(guān)要注意的問題（一）關(guān)系代詞作主語時，要注意從句中謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1.先行詞只有oneof修飾時，從句謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Heisoneofthestudentsinourclas

24、swhohavebeentoHainan.Thisisoneofthebestbooksthatwerewrittenbythewriter.2.oneof前有the,theonly,thevery,thefirst時，從句謂語用單數(shù)。Tomistheonly/veryoneoftheboyswhoknowsthetruth.（二）定語從句的隔離現(xiàn)象：1 定語從句和先行詞之間有時會被狀語，定語或者其他成分隔開，要注意找準(zhǔn)先行詞。ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomewhenIwastakengoodcareofinthatvillage.Istherearestauran

25、taroundwherewecanhavelunch（aroundadv.在周圍）Thedaysaregonewhenweusedforeignoil.（主句謂語較短,隔開先行詞與定語從句）2 .定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的后面有時會出現(xiàn)插入語。1）HeisthemanwhoIthinkisfitforthejob.2）-Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto-Right,justtheonewhereyouknowIusedtoworkforyears.（三）定語從句中有時會使用倒裝語序:Threedayslater,wefoundanoldhouse,infr

26、ontofwhichstoodabigtree.Finallytheyclimbedupthemountain,abovewhichappearedabeautifulrainbow.（四）注意區(qū)別定語從句和其他從句：1 .區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)的定語從句和地點(diǎn)狀語從句。（最明顯的區(qū)別是定語從句一定有先行詞）Afterthewar,anewschoolwasputupwheretherehadoncebeenatheatre.（狀語從句）Anewschoolwasputupattheplacewheretherehadoncebeenatheatre.（定語從句）2 .區(qū)別"介詞+whi

27、ch”的定語從句和"介詞+what”的賓語從句。1）Thisisthecompanyinwhichheworkedthreeyearsago.（which引導(dǎo)定語從句）2）Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.（what賓語從句）3 .區(qū)別that的定語從句和同位語從句。Thenewsthathewonthematchmadeusexcited.（同位語從句）Thenews（that）hetoldusmadeusveryexcited.（定語從句）注:同位語從句中that不作句子成分，但不能省略，去掉that從句仍

28、然完整。定語從句中that是關(guān)系代詞，可作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略。定語從句訓(xùn)練題1. RobertwenttoShanghaiinhistwentiesseveralyearslater,hebecameacompanydirector.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who2. Thekind-heartedcoupledecidedtoadopttheboyparentshadbeenkilledinanaccident.A.whoseB.whoC.withwhomD.his3. LastweekourschoolputonanEnglishplayJimactedanim

29、portantpart.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.what4. Theboss,companyMs.Kingworkedtenyearsago,lookeddownuponwomen.A.inwhichB.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose5. Hangzhou,wepaidavisitlastspring,isoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.A.whichB.whereC.tothereD.fromwhich6. Manypeopleliketochatonline,asmostofthemthink,theycanexpre

30、ssthemselvesfreely.A.whichB.thereC.thatD.where7. Thisisanimportantsubjectwemightargueforalongtime.A.aboutitB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.withit8. Theseoldpicturesbringtotheirmindthecollegedaystheyspenttogether,lifewashardbuthappy.A.which;whenB.when;whichC.which;whichD.when;when9. Thereasonhegaveforhissec

31、ondvisittothecitywassimplyheadmiredthesightsheresomuch.A.why;thatB.why;whyC.which;thatD.which;why10. Anewtypeofcarisonsaleonthemarket,makesitattractivetoyoungpeople.A.itslowpriceB.whatlowpriceC.thelowpriceofwhichD.thelowpriceofit11. Itisinthefactoryyou'regoingtopayavisittothiskindofcomputerismad

32、e.A./;thatB.where;thatC./;whereD.that;which12. Weareinadifficultsituationwedon'tdevelopnewproducts,wewillendupclosingourdoors.A.ifB.whereC.ifwhereD.whereif13. Mr.WilsonhasbeentomanycitiesinChina,hethinks,Shanghaihasimpressedhimmost.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.onwhich14. Youcanhardlyimaginethe

33、ratehiscarhasbeenrunningonthefreeway.A.withwhichB.towhichC.atwhichD.forwhich15. Sometimesoursuccessdependsonweareluckyornotandsometimesitdependsonthemannerweconductourlife.A.whether;ofwhichB.whether;inwhichC.that;bywhichD.that;forwhich16. It'sdangerousforyoutouseakindofmedicine.A.thatyouarealler

34、gictoB.thatisallergictoyouC.whichisallergicforyouD.whichyouareallergicfor17. Suchpeoplewereinvitedtothepartyshowednospecialinterestinthesouphespeciallymadeforthem,madehimupset.A.who;thatB.as;thatC.who;whichD.as;which18. IoftenthinkofthehoursIstayedwithyou,haveagreateffectonmylife.A./;whichB.which;wh

35、oC.which;thatD.when;which19. IshallneverforgetthosedaysIlivedinthecitywiththeworkers,hashadagreateffectonmylife.A.which;thatB.which;whichC.when;whichD.when;who20. ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesIhaveeverseen.A.whereB.thatC.whatD.which21. Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandtheschoolswehadvi

36、sitedthere.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that22. Thegirlwemetyesterdayisafilmstar,playedtheleadingroleinthefilmwesawlasttime.A.when;who;whichB.that;that;/C./;who;/D.that;that;that23. ItisthesecondschoolIusedtoworkat,manyteachersofstillhaveagoodrelationwithme.A.which;thatB.where;thatC.that;thatD.that;which24.

37、wasknowntothem,themanagerhadbrokenhispromisehewouldgivethemarise.A.As;whatB.It;thatC.It;whatD.As;that25. Whenyouvisithisfamily,youmaychatforanhourorso,notevenacupofcoffeeoraglassofwaterisoffered.A.bythistimeB.bywhichtimeC.duringthistimeD.duringwhichtime26. Therearesomecasesstudentsobviouslyknowthesc

38、hoolrulesbutdon'tobeythem.A.whyB.whereC.asD.which27. Theexpertofferedusanotherpieceofadvice,ofgreathelptoourprogram.A.IthinkitisB.IthinkwhichisC.whichIthinkitisD.whichIthinkis28. Hehidinanearbypalmtree,hecouldseethepatrolssearchingforhim.D.which"IsthereahospitalaroundD.whatIcangetsomemA.fro

39、mwhereB.fromwhichC.there29. Amanwithableedinghandhurriedinandasked,mywoundedhand”A.thatB.whichC.where30. Theylosttheirwayintheforest,andmademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.A.itB.whichC.thatD.what31. medicineworksinahumanbodyisaquestionnoteveryonecanunderstandfully.A.How;thatB.That;whichC.That;wh

40、ichD.What;that32Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.itC.oneD.what33. Thebookwaswrittenin1946,theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen34. Isthishotelhestayedlastyearonethisthehotelhestayedlastyearone36.Isitin

41、thehotelhestayedlastyearonethishotelhecomplainedaboutone38 Thedaysaregone.physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.AwhenBthatCwhereDwhich39 Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.AwhenBwhereCthatDwhich40 MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,ofcourse,madeall

42、theothersupset.AwhoBwhichCwhatDthat定語從句訓(xùn)練題解析1. 【解析】答案為B。where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾的是Shanghai。句意：Robert二十幾歲時去了上海，在那里幾年后，他成了一個公司主管。2. 【解析】答案為Aowhose引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞theboy。句意：那對好心的夫婦決定收養(yǎng)那個父母在事故中死亡的孩子。3. 【解析】答案為C。本題考查定語從句。actapartinaplay在戲劇中扮演角色。該句中play為先行詞，介詞in后需用which來引導(dǎo)定語從句，而inwhich相當(dāng)于where.4. 【解析】答案為Cowhosecompan

43、yMs.Kingworkedin是一個定語從句，修飾boss。本句中介詞in提到關(guān)系代詞前。5. 【解析】答案為B。payavisitto.參觀/游覽(某地),wherewepaidavisitlastspring是非限制性定語從句，補(bǔ)充說明Hangzhou的情況，其中，where相當(dāng)于towhich。6【解析】答案為D。where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞online;where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，意思是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上"。asmostofthemthink作插入語。7.【解析】答案為C。argue(withsb.)about/oversth.關(guān)于某事與某人爭吵。本句為包含定語從句的主從復(fù)合

44、句，介詞about提到了關(guān)系代詞前。8【解析】答案為A。which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾days,因?yàn)閺木渲衧pent是及物動詞，所以選which作賓語。when也引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾days，因?yàn)榫渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以when在句中作時間狀語。9. 【解析】答案為C。which在定語從句中作gave的賓語；第二空的that引導(dǎo)表語從句。10. 【解析】答案為G該句是由which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，which代替先行詞anewtypeofcar,C選項(xiàng)相當(dāng)于whoselowprice。11【解析】答案為A。第一空考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是物，可用that或which,因?yàn)樵趶木渥鱰o的賓語，tha

45、t和which可省略；第二空為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的引導(dǎo)詞，只能用that。12【解析】答案為D。定語從句的先行詞為situation，表示抽象地點(diǎn)，所以從句要用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)；定語從句中又包含有一個狀語從句，因此選Do13【解析】答案為C。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可看出是對定語從句的考查，which指代先行詞cities,ofwhich表示范圍，在去過的城市中”。14【解析】答案為C。介詞+關(guān)系代詞"引導(dǎo)定語從句，atwhich中的which指代前面的rate,它前面一般加介詞at表示以速度”。15【解析】答案為B。第一空構(gòu)成whether.ornot結(jié)構(gòu)，表示是否-第二空缺定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，該定語從句的先行詞是表示方式的manner,而表示以某種方式"用inamanner,所以第二空應(yīng)用inwhich。16.【解析】答案為Aobeallergictosth.（某人）對過敏,medicine為先行詞，關(guān)系代詞可用that或which。17【解析】答案為D。此題考查such（.）as結(jié)構(gòu)，這里as引導(dǎo)定語從句，as在從句中作主語；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。18. 【解析】答案為D。Istayedwithyou是定語從句，修飾先行詞thehours,關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作時間狀語，因此用when。由于第二空引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，所以用