福建泰縣第二中學(xué)高考英語-Unit-2-Unit-3-Cloning

1、福建省長泰縣第二中學(xué)2014高考英語 Unit 2-Unit 3 Cloning &Inventors and inventions自主學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版選修8【學(xué)習(xí)目標】1. Firmly master the usage of the words: object, forbid, owe, distinguish, and improve the abilities of comprehension and memorizing.2. Through self-directed study and cooperative exploration, learn to analyze

2、 and summarize the method of appropriate expression. 3. Experience the beauty of English with a strong passion.【課前預(yù)習(xí)】* Book 8 Unit 2基礎(chǔ)知識*I重點詞匯1. differ vi. 不同于，相異 (1) 在方面不同The brothers differ in their interests. 這兄弟在興趣愛好方面有差異。(2) 與不同In this respect (方面), French differs from English. 在這方面法語與英語不同。(3)

3、與有不同意見， 持異議Im sorry to differ with / from you on / about this idea. 很抱歉，我不同意你的這種想法?！練w納】differ in 在方面不同 differ from 不同于，意見不一致differ with sb. on sth. 與某人在某事上意見不同 【拓展延伸】difference n. 差別 different adj. 不同的be different from與不同 make a(no) difference 有（沒有）區(qū)分；有（沒有）重要關(guān)系 It makes no difference to sb. 對沒關(guān)系2. u

4、ndertake vt. ( undertook, undertaken) (1) 從事，著手承擔Students are required to undertake simple experiments. 要求學(xué)生們做簡單的實驗。(2) 答應(yīng)，承諾He undertook to finish the job on time. =He undertook that he would finish the job on time. 他答應(yīng)準時完成工作。3. object vi. 不贊成，反對 objection n.厭惡；反對 objective adj. 客觀的(1) We objected

5、to being treated like this.我們反對這樣對待我們。(2) Mom objected that we were too young to go on vacation alone. 媽媽反對說我們太小不能獨自去度假。 (3) My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much. 我反對這個計劃主要是因為花費太多。拓展提升: have / make / raise an objection to (doing) sth. 對表示反對4. forbid vt. (forbade/forbad; forbidden)

6、 禁止，不允許(1)The new law forbids smoking in offices. 新法律禁止在辦公室內(nèi)抽煙。(2)The new law forbids us to smoke in offices. We are forbidden to smoke in offices. 新法律禁止我們在辦公室內(nèi)抽煙。(3) His parents forbid him wine. 他的父母不準他喝酒【拓展延伸】forbid sth./ doing sth. / sb. to do sth. /sb. from doing sth./sb. sth.【舉一反三】類似結(jié)構(gòu)動詞：allow,

7、 permit, advise等5. resist vt. 抵制，抵抗，反對; 忍住，頂住 resister 抵抗者 resistance n. 抵抗，對抗(1) They resisted the attack. 他們抵抗進攻。 (2)She resisted being carried away.她反對別人把她帶走。(3)Jill couldnt resist making jokes about his baldness(禿頂). Jill反對對他的禿頂開玩笑?！就卣寡由臁縭esist sth. 抵制，阻擋某事 resist doing sth 反對做某事cant resist doin

8、g sth. 忍不住做某事【點撥】resist表示“忍得住”常與cant/couldnt連用，后面接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語6. cast (cast ,cast) 扔，投，擲，拋He cast himself down when he heard the news.He was cast down when he heard the news. 當他聽到這個消息他很沮喪。拓展提升: cast a vote (ballot)投票；cast a shadow投下影子; cast a net撒網(wǎng)7. owe vt. 欠；把歸功于 (1) I owe him ten dollars.我欠他十美元。(

9、2) I owe it all to you. 我把這一切都歸功于你。3) I couldnt attend the meeting, owing to illness. 由于生病，我不能參加會議。II. 重點短語1. pay off 付清；取得成功；(1)He paid off (償清) the debt of his friend with the money raised by his writings.他用稿費還清了朋友的債。(2)This proves that dedication and hard work really do pay off. 這可以證明全心奉獻和努力真的會有收

10、獲。pay for 付款；為付出代價 pay back 償還，報復(fù)pay out 花費；支出 pay sth. in 存款I(lǐng) paid out a lot of money for that car.為了那輛汽車我花了不少錢2. in favo(u)r of 贊成；支持 I am in favor of stopping work now. 我贊成現(xiàn)在停止工作。拓展提升: do sb. a favor= do a favour for sb.幫某人一個忙；in sbs favor對某人有利；ask a favor of sb.請某人幫忙 【拓展延伸】 favor vt. 贊同；支持The ch

11、ild favors his father with his brown eyes. 這個孩子的棕色眼睛像他的父親3. break through 突破，重大進展【拓展延伸】break away (from sth.) 脫離；打破 break down (車、船等)拋錨；(身體)垮掉；(談判等) 失??；破裂；把拆成幾部分 break in 插話；打斷說話(on) break into 強行闖入；破門而入break off 打斷；折斷, 中斷 break out (戰(zhàn)爭、疾病、火災(zāi)等)突然爆發(fā)break up 驅(qū)散；驅(qū)趕；結(jié)束；放學(xué)；打碎； (婚姻)破裂break the ice 打破僵局 br

12、eak a promise 失信；食言(1) The car is always breaking down. 這輛車老是出毛病。(2) Children shouldn't break in on adults' conversation.小孩子不要打斷大人們的談話(3) His house was broken into last night.昨天晚上有人闖入他家3. Dollys death, like her birth, was bound to(一定)raise worries.多莉之死正如它的出世一樣，注定要帶來焦慮。4. The word cancer stil

13、l strikes terror into many hearts.癌癥這個詞仍然使很多人感到恐懼。5. From time to time (不時，偶爾) people suggest that the animals that have disappeared from the earth, like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to life (使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活) through cloning.不時地，有人建議通過克隆可以使那些像恐龍那樣的從地球上消失的動物復(fù)活。come to oneself表示某人自己蘇醒過來6. I tried i

14、n vain to get Sue to come with us. 我想帶蘇一起來，但沒辦成。7.The house is in good/bad condition. 這個房子狀況良好/不好。III重點句型 1. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接著傳來了令人煩惱的消息多莉得了重病。(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句)2.The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.實際上，這些都是自然克隆現(xiàn)象。(that引導(dǎo)表語從句)3. f

15、ind this hard句型“find+賓語+adj./n./adv./v.-ing/p.p./prep.作賓語補足語”(1) I find the job boring. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這工作令人厭煩(2) He found it pleasant to work with his boss later.他后來發(fā)現(xiàn)與老板工作很快樂。(3) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.如果發(fā)現(xiàn)廚師在廚房吸煙就馬上解雇他。* Book 8 Unit 3基礎(chǔ)知識*I重點詞匯1. distinguish vi

16、. & vt. 顯示的差別；辨別；辨認 distinguished adj. 卓著的(1) People who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be color-blind. 不能辨別色彩的人被稱為色盲。(2)The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other. 這對孿生兒長得很像，沒有人能分辨出哪個是哪個。(3)She has already distinguished herself as an athlete. 作為運動員她已享有盛

17、名。be distinguished from 不同于，與加以區(qū)別distinguish. from. 辨別，把和.區(qū)別開be distinguished by 以為特征be distinguished for 因而著稱【點撥】distinguish=tell常用于否定句，且常與can或could連用I cant tell the difference between the usages of “above all” and “first of all”我辨別不出about all與first of all在用法上的區(qū)別。2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的 be conven

18、ient to/for sb. 對方便 It is convenient for sb. It is convenient to do sth. 做某事方便Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我們的房子離商店很近【拓展延伸】 convenience n at your convenience 在你方便的時候 for the convenience of sb.為了方便起見3. bear（bore, borne / born）vt.忍受；具有，帶有；負擔；生育,結(jié)果； n. 熊 (1)I cant bear (having) cats in t

19、he house. 屋里有貓我可真受不了。(2)How can you bear to eat that stuff? 你怎么能吃得下那樣的東西？(3) 禁不住Jim cant bear to laugh at/ laughing at Marys funny look. 看到瑪麗那滑稽的面孔，吉姆禁不住笑了起來。(4)The letter bears no signature.這封信上沒有簽名(5) (結(jié)果)Apple trees have borne fruits.蘋果樹已經(jīng)長蘋果了。(6) Born a free man, he is now in chains. 他生來是自由的人，但現(xiàn)

20、在身陷囹圄?！就卣寡由臁縝ear表示“忍受”其后可跟doing sth. 表示習(xí)慣性動作，也可跟to do sth.表示某一次具體動作，且多與 can,could和 be able to連用。4.seize vt. 抓住;奪取，占領(lǐng) 捉住Did you see the cat seize the mouse? 你見過貓逮老鼠嗎？ 奪取，占領(lǐng)The enemy army seized the city. 敵軍占領(lǐng)了這座城市。 延伸: seize on/ upon 意識到某事物而立即加以利用 She seized on my suggestion and began to work immedia

21、tely.她聽取了我的建議，馬上開始工作。II. 重點短語1. call up 打電話; 使人想起拓展聯(lián)系：“打電話”的表達方式：ring sb. up; call sb. (up); telephone sb.; phone sb.; give sb. a phone call; give sb. a ringhang on 不掛斷，稍等; ring back 回復(fù)電話; ring off 掛斷電話拓展延伸： call on /drop in on /pay a visit to /go on a visit to/ visit +sb. 拜訪某人 call at /drop in at /

22、pay a visit to /go on a visit to /visit +sp. 拜訪某地【call短語總結(jié)】call back 回電話 call for 需要 call in 召來，召集 call off 取消；放棄 call out大聲叫喊2. get through設(shè)法聯(lián)系上（尤指打電話）；設(shè)法作完；通過考試；用光；用完；使成功，使理解、明白(1)（電話）接通I cant get through. (2)Lets start; there is a lot of work to get through. 開始吧，我們有許多工作要做。(3)we were all delighted

23、 when we heard you had got through the exam.聽到你通過考試時，我們都很高興【拓展延伸】get across 被理解，使理解get over 越過，克服（困難）；從（疾?。┗謴?fù)過來【拓展聯(lián)系】go through (1) 經(jīng)歷(困難,痛苦等)；(2) 通過,成功,成交；(3) 審閱,檢查；(4) 翻找,查看,搜尋(5) 穿過,通過The plan didn't go through.計劃沒通過A terrible noise went through the house. 一陣可怕的聲音響徹整幢房子3. in case Take your ra

24、in coat in case it rains.帶著雨衣以防下雨?！就卣寡由臁?in case of 后加名詞或代詞，意為“以防, 萬一” in case后跟句子，意為“假使，以防萬一” in this case 如果這樣的話 in that case 如果那樣的話 in any case 無論如何in no case 決不，任何情況下都不【點撥】in no case 置于句首句子要倒裝4. dive into(1) (一心投入) Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods.偶爾離開平路去尋找困境。(2) (迅速把手伸入) She dived into her bag to see if she lost her keys. 她迅速把手伸進衣袋看是不是把鑰匙丟了。(3) (跳入)He dived into the river and rescued the drowning child.他跳入河中救了那溺水的孩子。5.set about/out(1) (開始，著手) I set about researching the ha