非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的比較1、不定式作目的、原因、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)1）作目的狀語(yǔ)：有三種形式，可互換：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首)e.g. We eat to live, but we dont live to eat.We started early (in order / so as) to avoid being late. 我們一早動(dòng)身，免得遲到。 （In order ）not to waste electricity, we turned the light off.Check your compositio

2、n carefully so as to avoid mistakes. (so as to只能置于主句之后)【Exercises】1 Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. 【2008 北京】A. to find B. find C. to be finding D. finding 2._this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. 【2006廣東卷】 A. Havi

3、ng made B. Make C. To make D. Making2）作原因狀語(yǔ)：不定式常放在表示情緒反應(yīng)的形容詞后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed 不定式不放在句首。e.g. ：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill. We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide. 有一個(gè)本地人做向?qū)В覀冋媸翘吲d了。【Exercises】1. I feel greatly honored _ into their soc

4、iety. 【2008北京卷】 A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed 3) 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)： 不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)通常表意外的結(jié)果。e.g. I opened the door to find the room empty. 我打開門，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)房間是空的。 【attention】：. 動(dòng)詞不定式前可以加上only, 更加強(qiáng)調(diào)意外，想不到。還可加never, 表示沒(méi)有再e.g. He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他匆忙到了車站結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)

5、火車已經(jīng)離開了。 They parted, never to see each other again. 他們分手了，從此沒(méi)有再見(jiàn)面。. 動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的其他幾種方式： so + adj. / adv. + as to, such + n. + as to, tooto , enough to等。 e.g. Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time? They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet._He worked hard only

6、to fail. _ 他匆匆忙忙的跑到車站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)走了。 _2. He hurried to the booking office only _that all the tickets had been sold out. 06陜西卷） A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told注意：不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的固定搭配    so as to Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?Im not such a fool as

7、 to believe that. His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.The boy is old enough to go to school.2、分詞 （現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞）可作時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式、原因、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，就不作目的狀語(yǔ)。注：表示時(shí)間、條件或讓步的分詞，有時(shí)可帶上連詞（if, unless, when, while, once（一旦） though, although）1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)： e.g. . (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced wo

8、rker. 【作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)】 Hearing the news, they all danced for joy. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們都高興得跳起舞來(lái)。 Being a League member, he is always helping others. 作為一個(gè)團(tuán)員，他總是樂(lè)于助人。 Being students, we must study hard. 【作原因狀語(yǔ)】 He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 【作伴隨狀語(yǔ)】 She wrote him a friendly letter, thanking him for his help. 他寫了

9、一封友好的信給他，感謝他的幫助。Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 【作條件狀語(yǔ)】He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces 【作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)】 His parents died last year, leaving him an orphan. 他的父母親去年死了，使他成為了一個(gè)孤兒。Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 【作讓步狀語(yǔ)】 Feeling tired, he went on running. 盡管感覺(jué)累，他還

10、是繼續(xù)跑。2）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)：e.g. . Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 【作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)】Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 從被黨接受的那一刻起，他決定要把他的一生致力于黨的事業(yè)。 Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. Encouraged by

11、 the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到演講的激勵(lì)，年輕人下定決心開始進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng)。【作原因狀語(yǔ)】 The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 【作伴隨狀語(yǔ)】Given another chance, he will do better. 【作條件狀語(yǔ)】Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. 雖然受傷了，但這名勇敢的戰(zhàn)士還繼續(xù)作戰(zhàn)。 【作讓步狀語(yǔ)】【Summary】：分

12、詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用doing表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用having done表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如果分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用done強(qiáng)調(diào)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用having been done. 【attention】：. 不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：e.g. 1.  He got home to learn that his father was ill.2. They lifted a rock only to drop it on

13、 their own feet. 他們搬起石頭卻砸了自己的腳。3. I ran to the school, only to be informed that I wasn't admitted by Beijing University. 我跑到學(xué)校，卻被告知我沒(méi)有被北大所錄取。 4.   It rained heavily, causing severe flooding. 雨下得很大，導(dǎo)致了非常嚴(yán)重的澇災(zāi)。5.   He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an acc

14、ident. 他快速地切斷了電，避免了一場(chǎng)事故。【summary】：不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)通常表示的是一個(gè)未曾料到的不愉快的結(jié)果，前可加only作為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)所表示的都是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的直接結(jié)果，是意料中的結(jié)果。分詞短語(yǔ)前有時(shí)可加上副詞thus或thereby（因而、因此）。 (only) to do 出乎意料干某事 (thus / thereby) doing 順理成章干某事.英語(yǔ)中有些形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)），常省略be動(dòng)詞，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有：be lost in, be faced with, be located in, be dressed in, be tired of等等

15、。 e.g. Faced with so many problems, he felt depressed. Located in the centre of Longhui, NO.1 Middle School of LH is the best school in the town.有時(shí)“with（without） + 名詞（或代詞賓語(yǔ)） + 分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示伴隨狀況。 e.g. With the lights burning, he fell asleep. With so much work filling my mind, I almost

16、 break down.【Exercises】(1) _in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 【2005湖南】 A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed(2) _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. 【2006全國(guó)】 A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising(3)_with so much trou

17、ble, we failed to complete the task on time. 【2006四川卷】A. FacedB. FaceC. Facing D. To face(4). When_ help, one often says “ Thank you. ” or “ It s kind of you. ”【2005福建】 A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered (5). At he end of 2002, there were around 3,000 foreign printing companies in C

18、hina , _ up around 2 percent of national total.A. made B. to make C. making D. having made(6)European football is played in 80 countries, _it the most popular sports in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make (7). With a lot of difficult problems _ , the newly-elected president is having a

19、hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled(8). With a lot of difficult problems _, they decided to take a few days off. A. settling B. to settle C. being settled D. settled (9). I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. 【05北京】A. going on B. does on C. went on D. to go on(10

20、). With all the things he _ , he went home at once.A. needed buy B. needed bought C. needed buying D. need buy(11). Faced with a bill for 10,000,_. 【06陜西卷】A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given john an extra jobC. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John(12).

21、Having been attacked by terrorists, _.【2004上?！緼. doctors cane to their rescue B. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists(13). In order to improve English, . 【2001上海】 A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for

22、herself C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father(13). Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. 【12 福建卷】 A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized (14). _ an importa

23、nt decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base 【12 江蘇】(15). With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. 【全國(guó)卷】 A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，分詞前

24、必須加上自己的主語(yǔ)，此結(jié)構(gòu)被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind.All the tickets _(sell out), they went away disappointedly. Time _(permit) , we'll do another two e

25、xercises. There _ (be) no bus, we had to walk home . His hands _ （tie） by the policeman, his face went pale with fear.1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 2. All things _, I think we ought to give the job to George. A. considered

26、 B. consideringC. to considerD. being considered3. The river _ in the night, the crossing was impossible. A. to riseB. roseC. having risenD. being risen4. More time _, we should have done the job much better. A. to give B. giveC. being given D. given5. We shall play the match tomorrow, weather _. A.

27、 permitsB. permittingC. to permit D. permitted6. The monitor _ ill, wed better put the meeting off. A. beingB. to beC. beenD. to have been7. An important lecture _ given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night. A. to beB. beingC. beenD. to have been8. He was lying on the gras

28、s, his hands _ under his head.A. to crossB. crossedC. crossingD. to be crossing9. Tom _ late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.A. having been B. beenC. to beD. to being10. Other things _ equal, I would buy the black dress not the white one. A. beingB. to beC. beenD. having been注意：有些

29、短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)可以和句子的主語(yǔ)不一致， 他們?cè)诰渥又凶鳘?dú)立成分To tell you the truth/To be frank, I don't like the way he talked. 必背：用作獨(dú)立成分的不定式to tell you the truth / to be frank /to be honest/ to begin/start with/ to be brief 簡(jiǎn)言之 to make a long story short 長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)to be exact 精確地說(shuō)/ to make matters worse/ to say nothing of 姑且不說(shuō) to

30、 conclude /to be sure 誠(chéng)然，固然 rankly/strictly/roughly/exactly speaking, generally speaking, judging from., considering., talking of., supposing. providing，seeing that（考慮到）， allowing for(把考慮到內(nèi))， given, provided Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. _告訴你實(shí)話吧，我不同意你的建議。_令事情更加糟糕的事，我的錢包又丟了。_

31、考慮到距離，他快速動(dòng)身了。_非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)總結(jié)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)多表示伴隨狀態(tài)，或事情發(fā)生的原因，結(jié)果，時(shí)間，條件等。注意，作目的狀語(yǔ)只能是_不定式，也可用in order to / so as to +動(dòng)詞原形。 解題訣竅：找邏輯主語(yǔ)，辯邏輯關(guān)系，析動(dòng)作先后主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者與謂語(yǔ)幾乎同時(shí)進(jìn)行doing , S+V being +done , S+V 先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生（已經(jīng)完成）having +dong , S+V having been +dong, S + V = ( dong, S+V) 后于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生（將要去做，特別是表示目的）(i

32、n order (not)/ so as to(not) )to do, S+V .(in order (not)/ so as to(not) ) to be done, S+V 鞏固練習(xí)1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed2._ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring

33、. A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked3. _ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car. A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited4. Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me? A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat5. The t

34、rees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down6. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete7. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear

35、English _ as much as we can. A. speak.B. speakingC. spokenD. to speak8. Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made _ in the restaurant. A. workingB. workC. to workD. worked9. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone. A. to promote B. having been promoted C

36、. having promoted D. to be promoted10. We finished the run in less than half the time _.A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows11. He was busy writing a story, only _ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. A. to stopB. stoppingC. to have stopped D. having stopped12. _ around the Water Cube, we w

37、ere then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show13. We had an anxious couple of weeks _ for the results of the experiment.A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting14. _that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper i

38、nto the forest.A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized15. It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year. A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found16. _ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed. A. S

39、eeing B. To see C. See D. Seen17. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book.A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding18. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed19. _ their hats into the a

40、ir, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown20. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 21. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _ t

41、o balance it. A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried22. If there is a lot of work _, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doingC. doneD. doing23. Something as simple as _ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure. A. to drink B. drinkingC. to

42、 be drinkingD. drunk24. Ideally _ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. A. locating B. being located C. having been locatedD. located25 _that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.  A

43、. Having told B. Having been told C. Tell D. Telling26. _ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb. A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved27 Hoping he would not be seen, Bob stole in, _ his schoolbag and rushed out.  A.

44、 picking upB. picked up     C. to pick upD. having picked up28_ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive to Florida. A. DiscoveringB. To discover C. To have discovered D. Discovered29 He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. A. hop

45、ed B. hoping C. to hope D. hope30 _ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out. A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting     D. To taste31 The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, _ them more terrible. A. not makeB. not to make

46、60;   C. not makingD. do not make32 What do you think of last nights lecture?  _ speaking, I thought it was rather boring.  A. RealB. General C. FairD. Honestly33 He was so foolish _ his car unlocked in the public park last night. A to leave B that leave C as to leave D for him t

47、o leave34When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed35 The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see36 The news repo

48、rters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told37. The research is so designed that once_ nothing can be done to change it.       A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun38. Generally speaking, _ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.       A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken39. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost   B. lost   C. Being lo