崔榮容英語語法

1、崔榮容英語語法Pocket英語語法第一講英語五種基本句式He learns English every day. 他每天學(xué)英語基本句式一:S V (主+謂)The universe remains 宇宙長存基本句式二:S V P (主+系+表) 系動詞表連系作用.表語是描述主語性質(zhì)特點位置的詞The food is delicious 這個食物很好吃基本句式三:S V O (主+謂+賓)賓語是動作執(zhí)行的對象He took his bag and left 他拿著書包離開了基本句式四:S V o O (主+謂+間賓+直賓)注: o，一般指人。 O，一般指物。Her father bought h

2、er a dictionary 他的爸爸給他買了一本詞典?；揪涫轿?S V O C (主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))We made him our monitor 我們選他當(dāng)班長。Nothing is impossible to a willing heart!有志者事竟成!第二講Be動詞的形式和用法Be動詞的形式：一般現(xiàn)在時：be,is,am,are。一般過去時：was,were。Be動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：being。Be動詞的過去分詞：been。=Is:和單數(shù)主語連用的be動詞。The man is back.Are: 和復(fù)數(shù)主語連用的be動詞。They are backWas:和單數(shù)主語連用的be動詞

3、he was back.Were:復(fù)數(shù)主語連用的過去形式。They were backBeen：復(fù)數(shù)主語連用的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)形式 they have been backBe動詞的用法：后面接名詞，形容詞，地點副詞，或短語作補(bǔ)足語。1the man is a teachera tercher 是補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)充說明前面的2Marys new dresses are colorful3My mother was in the kitchenBe動詞的練習(xí)：現(xiàn)在時:They are teachers. 他們是老師。過去時:he was a teacher before. 他以前是一名老師。(但現(xiàn)在不是了)

4、現(xiàn)在完成時:He has been a teacher for 3 years 他已經(jīng)當(dāng)了3年的老師了。第三講Be動詞的否定/提問/回答B(yǎng)e動詞的否定在am, is, are, was, were 后面加not縮略式 am not,isnt,arent,wasnt,werent.例子：The man isnt back I am not backThey arent backHe wasnt back They werent backBe動詞提問和回答Is he a teacher?Yes,he is/No,he isnt是的，他是/不，他不是Are you a teacher?你是一名老師么

5、？Yes,I am/No, I am not是的，我是/不，我不是Were they teacher 他們以前是老師么？Yes,they were /No,they werent 是的，他們是/不，他們不是。Be動詞的練習(xí)：1. 他是醫(yī)生么？Is he a doctor Yes, he is / No,he isnt 不他不是2他們昨天在教室么（yesterday，classroom）Were they in the classroom yesterday?Yes，they was/ No，they wasnt是的，他們在/不，他們不在3他們昨天不在教室They werent in the c

6、lassroom yesterday第四講代詞的主格和賓格主格代詞：I he she it you we theyI am a teacherhe is a teacheryou are teacher賓格代詞：me him her it you us themHe likes me. 他喜歡我 We like her. 我們喜歡她 I like him 我喜歡他們練習(xí)：我喜歡它I like it。他們認(rèn)識他They know him第五講名詞性/形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞：單數(shù)形式：my,your,his/her/its,ones(某人的)復(fù)數(shù)形式：our（我們的），your（你們的）

7、，their（他們的）形容性物主代詞后直接跟名詞例子：this is my book 這是我的書 we love our motherland 我愛我們的祖國those are your socks 那些是你的襪子名詞性物主代詞：單數(shù)形式：mine我的，yours你的，his/hers/its，ones（某人的）復(fù)數(shù)形式：ours我們的，yours你們的，theirs他們的名詞性物主代詞：有名詞性質(zhì)，不能接任何名詞，本身有了名詞的概念例子：the book is ours the apple is hers練習(xí)：My teacher is Chinese我的老師是中國人This compute

8、r is theirs這個電腦是他們的Our book is on the sheif我們的書在書架上主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞我IMeMyMine他HeHimHisHis她SheHerHerHers它ItItItsIts你/你們YouYouYourYours我們WeUsOurOurs他們TheyThemTheirTheirs主格：放在主語的位置上賓格：放在賓格的位置上形容詞性物主代詞：后面可接名詞名詞性物主代詞:后面不可接名詞了，本身包含名詞意思。（得綜合上下文看）。第六講反身代詞反身代詞：某人自己Myself我自己yourselves 你們自己Yourself你自己oursel

9、ves 我們自己Herself她自己themselves 它們自己Himself 他自己Itself 它自己反身代詞語法please help yourself to some fish隨便吃些魚吧。we enjoyed ourselves last night. 我們昨天晚上玩的很開心the thing itself is not important事情本身并不重要練習(xí)：take good care of (yourself). 照顧好自己She gained contral of (herself) 她控制住了她自己第七講: 實意動詞的特征（Come read go watch play

10、fly）具有實在意義he comes from Shenyang. 他來自沈陽（實意動詞在句子中作謂語）（一般現(xiàn)在時）she is reading story books她正在閱讀故事書.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時）They went to America yesterday他們昨天去美國了（went是go 的過去時）We have watched the game for three times我們已經(jīng)看這個游戲看了3遍了（現(xiàn)在完成時）My mother will fly back to china next month。我的媽媽將在下個月飛回國（將來時，前面加上will）練習(xí)He come to Sha

11、nghai yesterday。他昨天來上海了We are writing homework我們正在寫作業(yè)They have read this book three times他們讀這本書已經(jīng)讀3遍了。第八講:實意動詞的否定/提問/回答.使用助動詞進(jìn)行否定,在助動詞(一般現(xiàn)在式)do (三單)does (過去式)did后面加not.Do not /dont does not/doesnt did not/didnt1,I dont go to school by bus.我不坐公車去上學(xué).2,she doesnt watch TV everyday.她每天不看電視3,they didnt s

12、wim last night.他們昨晚沒游泳使用助動詞進(jìn)行提問: 助動詞放句首.動詞變原形.1,he often plays golf.他經(jīng)常打高爾夫球Does he often play golf 他經(jīng)常打高爾夫球嗎Yes, he does/ No, he doesnt.2,they go to school by bus.他們坐公車去上學(xué).Do they go to school by bus?他們坐公車去上學(xué)嗎Yes, they do. /No, they dont3,sam had breakfast yesterday. sam昨天吃早餐了.Did sam have breakfas

13、t yesterday?Yes, he did No,he didnt練習(xí):1,他每天都學(xué)英語嗎Does he learn englidh everydayYes, he does. No,he doesnt2,tom 昨天沒吃早餐.(have breakfast) tom didnt have breakfast yesterday.第九講:使用疑問詞進(jìn)行提問和回答使用疑問詞進(jìn)行提問:when where who what howHe bought three books yesterday.他昨天買了三本書Who bought three books yesterday.誰昨天買了三本書W

14、hat did he buy yesterday.他昨天買了什么 疑問詞不是主語需加助動詞在疑問詞后面When did he buy three books?他什么時候買的三本書 疑問詞不是主語需加助動詞They wanted to go to shanghai by air.Who wanted to go to shanghai by air?Where did they want to go by air?How did they want to go to shanghai?第十講:使用疑問詞進(jìn)行提問和回答How long多長時間, how far多遠(yuǎn), how often多長時間一次

15、, why為什么1,they have been in china for three years.How long have they been in china.2,it is about 4 kilometers from Beijing to Xian?How far is it from Beijing to Xian?3,they come to visit me once a week一星期一次.How often do they come to visit me?4,she came late, because she missed the bus.她來晚了,因此錯過了公車.W

16、hy did she come late?練習(xí):1,他們學(xué)漢語多長時間了How long have they learned English.現(xiàn)在完成式.2,你多長時間看一次電影How often do you watch movies?你的家離學(xué)校多遠(yuǎn)How far is it form your house to your school?第十一講: 名詞1可數(shù)名詞(countable noun)指數(shù)得過來的概念,有單復(fù)數(shù)之分Apple-apples pencil-pecils student-. Tomato-tomatoes一般加s以結(jié)尾加es. Bus-buses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,y

17、變i加es以o結(jié)尾,如果不是外來詞或縮寫就加es tomato-tomatoes 縮寫hippo-hippos可數(shù)名詞前加a(an)或量詞Apple- an apple-apples a box of apples.Tomato-a tomato-tomatoes a bag of tomatoes.2不可數(shù)名詞(uncountable noun)無法計算的數(shù)量或抽象概念,不可加a,an,沒有復(fù)數(shù),但前面可加量詞Salt coffee water history loveCoffee-a cup of coffee, 練習(xí):he bought me a box of chocolate, a

18、bike第十二講:指示代詞和不定代詞指示代詞:標(biāo)識人或事物的代詞,用來代替前面已提到的名詞This these that thoseThis is his book. Those apples were his. 不定代詞:指代不確定的人或事物.one,the other, some,any something,nothing.No one knows there he is.Some of the boys want to go to shanghai, but the others want to go to xian.Each of the students has got a book

19、.學(xué)生中的每一個人都有一本書.練習(xí):1,these teachers are form china2,I know nothing about this person.3,I have something to tell you.第十三講:形容詞形容人或事物的狀態(tài),性質(zhì),大小等,通常用在名詞前或be動詞后.Beautiful-the beautiful girl the girl is beautiful.The+形容詞=復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類,后面的動詞使用復(fù)數(shù).Old-the old young-the young the old need more care than the young.練

20、習(xí);1,she is a good student. This bike is expansive. The rich sometimes complain their empty life.第十四講:副詞副詞可以修飾動詞,形容詞,其它副詞以及其它結(jié)構(gòu).He runs fast. She is very beautiful. They work very hard.副司的位置:根據(jù)情況,入在助動詞之后,實意動詞之前或之后.形容詞之前,其它副詞之前或之后.多個助動詞時,副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后.He speaks very fast. They have already left . they

21、 have already been repaired.常用的頻度副詞always usually,often,sometimes never的位置通常放在一般動詞前面,Be動詞后面,助動詞和實意動詞之間.They always come early. Sam often writes homework at 7:00練習(xí):please write the word slowly. They sometimes come here. The tree is very tall.第十五講: 不定量的表達(dá)法;不確定數(shù)量的表達(dá)法Some any most every allSome主要用于肯定句,希

22、望得到肯定回答時,也可用在疑問句中,any主要用在否定或疑問句中.Id been expecting some letters the whole morning, but there werent any for me.Most作形容詞時表示大部分的.后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞.Most people here are from china.Every表示每一個,所有,后面接單數(shù)名詞.Every one likes the film.All表示所有,后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù).All the cars are parked in the parking lot.All the coffee is

23、 served on time.練習(xí):some boys went camping yesterday.All the children like to play football.Most teachers want to work here.第十六講:不定量表達(dá)法-2Both表示兩者都,可作形容詞,代詞和副詞,either表示二者之一, neither表示二者都不.Both his eyes were severely burned. There are trees on either side of the street.Neither answer is correct.Many修飾可

24、數(shù)名詞,表示許多,much修飾不可數(shù)名詞,表示許多.A lot of (lots of ), plenty of 均可修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞.Many books much water. A lot of / lots of books/water練習(xí):both the hands are washed. Tom drank a lot of coffee last night.第十七講: 不定量的表達(dá)法-3A few為肯定含義幾個, few 為否定含義沒幾個,二個詞均可和不可數(shù)名詞連用.A few books are put into the box. Few books are put in

25、to the box.A little為肯定含義一點兒,little為否定含義沒多點.二個詞均可和不可數(shù)名詞連用There is a little water in the bottle. There is little water in the bottle.None, no one的意思相同,主要作代詞,為一個也不,一點也不.用法稍有區(qū)別.None 可以接of短語,動詞可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù).No one不可以接of短語,動詞只能用單數(shù).No one knows the answer. None of us have arrived.練習(xí):a few books are put into t

26、he box.There is a little water in the bottle. None of us have arrived.第十八講: there/here be句型.There/here be,根據(jù)上下文,有多種翻譯方法,有,是.be動詞根據(jù)后面的名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)變化.There is a book on the bookshelf there are some books on the bookshelf.Here is the bus stop. Here are your books.練習(xí):there is a lot of water in the bottle. Her

27、e is your car.There are many students in the room.第十九講: 一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一般現(xiàn)在時表示通常性,規(guī)律性,習(xí)慣性狀態(tài)或者動作,評語是三單有變化.非三單時為原形.They often get up at 7:00 he often gets up at 7:00三單變化,加s. 以字母結(jié)尾加es. Guess-guesses以輔音+y結(jié)尾,y變?yōu)閕再加es. Study-studies.一般現(xiàn)在時否定和疑問句用do,doesHe doesnt like the car. Does he like the car Yes,he does/n

28、o,he doesntThey dont like the car. Do they like the car Yes,they do/no they dont現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作,通常有now等時間副詞響應(yīng),形式為be+VingThey are watching TV. He is watching TV I am watching TV.動詞現(xiàn)在分詞Ving 的變化規(guī)則:加ing以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing, take-taking重讀閉音節(jié),要雙寫尾字母再加ing, cut-cutting以ie結(jié)尾,變ie為y再加ing. Lie-lying.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時否定和疑問,be動

29、詞否定或提前.They arent watching TV , are they watching TV He isnt watching TV. Is he watching TV?Am I watching TV Yes,you are, no,you arent.練習(xí): he works very late every day do you study English yourself Yes,I do.They are playing soccer now. 第二十講: 一般過去和過去進(jìn)行式一般過去時表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),過去習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的行為基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+動詞過去式

30、+其它,一般動詞在動詞后面加ed,還有些不規(guī)則動詞不規(guī)則變化.Play-played come-came he worked very hard last night. They came here by car.動詞一般過去時變化規(guī)則: 一般加ed. Play-played以字母e結(jié)尾只加d, like-liked 輔音加y結(jié)尾,變y為i加ed. Supply-supplied.重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且只有一個輔音字母的動詞后,雙寫最后一個輔音字母+ed plan-planned過去進(jìn)行時表示在過去某一時刻或某一時間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作.其形式為was/were+VingThey were waiti

31、ng for you he was talking with his friends just now.練習(xí):they went swimming yesterday. Sam watching TV at 7:00 last night.第二十一講: 將來時一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)或者發(fā)生的動作與狀態(tài),常常和表示將來的時間狀語連用.如tomorrow next week , in the future.助動詞will/shall+動詞原形,表示將來發(fā)生的事情. 主語是一般用shall.也可要以用will. 其它用will.They will go to shanghai by

32、ship tomorrow. We shall leave for shanghai next month.Be going to +動詞原形用來表示近期或事先考慮過的將要發(fā)生的動作以及有跡象表明必將發(fā)生某事,意為打算:就要.They are going to play football this afternoon she is going to learn French next year.Be+Ving 表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞. Go come leave start arrive,可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來時They are leaving for japan she is arriving

33、tomorrow.練習(xí):they are coming here soon , sam is going to learn Chinese next month. Peter and mike will finish the job tomorrow morning.二十二講:完成時現(xiàn)在完成時:have/has+PP,動作過去發(fā)生,已經(jīng)完成,對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果,動作可能還會持續(xù),可使用的時間狀語為already yetThey have already arrived in shanghai she has played soccer for three hours.She hasnt fi

34、nished the homework yet.過去完成時had+PP,表示句中的動作發(fā)生在過去之前,即過去的過去,已經(jīng)完成,對過去造成了影響或后果.They had arrived in shanghai she had played soccer for three hoursThey hadnt finished the work yet.練習(xí):he has stopped the car outside. She hasnt been to shanghai yet.Had they planned to stay here?第二十三講:動詞的用法分為四類:實意動詞notional v

35、erb 系動詞link verb 助動詞auxiliary verb 情態(tài)動詞model verb1動詞有數(shù)量和時態(tài)的變化,時態(tài)通常有三大時態(tài),現(xiàn)在,過去,將來2根據(jù)動作進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)可分為:一般時,進(jìn)行時,完成時.使用動詞時通常將1和2 結(jié)合.如一般現(xiàn)在時,過去進(jìn)行時.He goes to school every day he went to hospital last night.動詞形態(tài)變化總結(jié):原形 單三 現(xiàn)在分詞 過去式 過去分詞Play plays playing played playedHave has having had hadGo goes going went gone第

36、二十四講:情態(tài)動詞:can could may mightCan could表示能力,用be able to代替can/could現(xiàn)在/過去的能力客觀可能性(can的可能性大)表示請求和允許 但在時態(tài)里(can是現(xiàn)在,could是過去式)He can/could/is able to swim he can/could come tomorrow can/could I stay hereMay/might表示可能性,may的可能性大.請求,允許,might更委婉.口語中常用的回答: yes,please no,you cant/mustnt()禁止,不準(zhǔn))He may/might come

37、here by bus may/might I join you Yes,please/no,you cant/you mustnt練習(xí):she could speak French before. But now she cant.Might I come in yes,please第二十五講:情太動詞(2) should, ought to, must(have to)Must,have to表示必須,必要.must表示主觀多一點,而have to表示客觀條件必須去做的多一點Have to 有時態(tài)和數(shù)量的變化,must 和have to二者的否定意義不大相同.You mustnt go 你

38、不準(zhǔn)去, you dont have to go,你不必去You must get up early,你必須早點起床, its going to rain, I have to go home now.Should表示勸告,建議,命令,其同義詞是ought to,should強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法,ought to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀要求.在疑問句中,通常用should代替ought to.You should/ought to do the job right now. should they stay here now?練習(xí): I have to/must go and see my mother in hos

39、pital tomorrow.You should/ought to work harder than that.第二十六講:情態(tài)動詞(3) need/dont have toNeed:需要 a:情態(tài)動詞,情態(tài)動詞可直接否定 b:實意動詞,否定要用助動詞,有第三單和時態(tài)的變化,后面可加to不定式情太動詞:he need come here early. He neednt come here early.Need he come here early Yes,he need/no,he neednt實意動詞:he needs to come here early. He doesnt need

40、 to come here early.Does he need to come here early Yes,he does/no,he doesnt回答must和have to提問句時,否定式使用neednt dont have to等回答方式Must I come here early tomorrow Yes, you must, no,you neednt/dont have to.練習(xí):you neednt do it again.你不需要重復(fù)做了.He neednt/doesnt have to worry about it.這件事他不需要擔(dān)心Does he need to do

41、 homework first?他需要先做作業(yè)嗎第二十七講:情態(tài)動詞(4) had better/ would ratherHad better表示最好做某事,had雖然是過去式,但不表示過去,better后面接動詞原形.He had better eat more.他最好吃多點Youd better finish it right now,你最好馬上做完這件事. Right now是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在.Would rather表示寧愿,寧可,最好,還是.為好.語感上比had better要輕You would rather deal with it now.現(xiàn)在你還是把它處理掉比較好.否定形式分別為h

42、ad better not+動詞原形 would rather not+動詞原形.He had better not eat more,他最好別再吃了.You would rather not deal with it now.你最好別現(xiàn)在別處理那件事.練習(xí):you had better stay here.你最好呆在這里I would rather not say it.我還是不說的好.第二十八講:情態(tài)動詞(5) used to +V/would+V表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作,可翻譯為過去常常.A: used to可指過去的狀態(tài)或情況,而would則不能.The novel used to be

43、popular.Would 表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,如果某一動作沒有反復(fù)性,就不能用would,只能用used to.He would practice English every week.他去過每個星期都練習(xí)英語.I used to live in Beijing. 我過去住在北京.Used to表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束,would則表示有可能再發(fā)生.People used to believe that the earth was flat.人們過去常常相信地球是平的.He would go to the park as soon as he was free.他過去一

44、有時間就會去公園.練習(xí):the window used to be open.窗戶過去一直開著的.They would gather together every week.他們每周都聚在一起.Sam used to play golf, but he doesnt now. sam過去經(jīng)常打高爾夫,但現(xiàn)在不打了第二十九講:情態(tài)動詞的否定和疑問形式情態(tài)動詞的否定:情態(tài)動詞+not+V原形.He cant sing an English song. He may not know her he mustnt go there. He doesnt have to go there.Maynt:不

45、可能 may not可能不. Mustnt:不準(zhǔn) have后面接to,have當(dāng)實意動詞,否定要加助動詞.使用情態(tài)動詞進(jìn)行提問:情態(tài)動詞+主語+V原形Can he sing an English song Yes,he can. No,he cantMust he go there Yes,he must,no,he needntDoes he have to go there Yes,he does, no,he doesntCan I stay here Yes,please must she go back now. no,she needntDoes he have to get up

46、 at 9:00, yes,he does.第三十講:情態(tài)動詞+have+PPa.表達(dá)過去事實.b.推測的含義.但助動詞should除外He must have arrived.他準(zhǔn)是已經(jīng)到了. 這個是可能性最大的.He can/could have arrived.他可能已經(jīng)到了. 這個可能性第二大.He may/might have arrived.他可能已經(jīng)到了.這個可能性最不大.Should+have+pp:本應(yīng)該.Neednt +have +PP.本不需要.He should have arrived.他本來應(yīng)該到了,但是沒到They should have finished the

47、 work.他們本來應(yīng)該完成那個工作的.但是沒完成.You neednt have done so.你本來不需要那么做的.但你做了.Must have PP,準(zhǔn)是已經(jīng).Cant have pp不可能已經(jīng)He must have arrived. 他準(zhǔn)是已經(jīng)到了.He cant have arrived,他不可能已經(jīng)到了.練習(xí):he can可能have arrived.五個都可以.He must準(zhǔn)是 have arrived.You neednt本不需要 have done so.They should本應(yīng)該have finished the workHe cant不可能have arrived

48、.第三十一講: 被動語態(tài)(1)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和含義.如果主語是動作的承受者,則用動詞的被動語態(tài)作謂語被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:be+PPby sb.他被媽媽帶到了美國 he is taken to America by his mother.被動語態(tài)有各種時態(tài):The information is needed by us.一般時 the information is being needed by us.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時The book was being read by him 過去進(jìn)行時 the book was read by him一般過去式The computer has been used by

49、 her 完成時被動The room will be cleaned 房間將會被打掃.The computer could have been used by them.那個電腦可能已經(jīng)被他們使用過了.練習(xí)一個空一個時態(tài):the information is needed.情報被需要,一般現(xiàn)在時 The book was read 書被讀了,一般過去時the door has been opened. 門已經(jīng)被打開了.完成時被動The book was being read 書過去一直被讀, 過去進(jìn)行時the computer had been used. 那個電腦過去已經(jīng)被用過了 過去完成時

50、被動語態(tài).The computer could have been used.那這個電腦可能已經(jīng)被使用過了. 過去完成時被動語態(tài).The room will be cleaned.房間將會被打掃.一般將來時第三十二講:被動語態(tài)(2)被動語態(tài)和情態(tài)動詞結(jié)合Can/could+be+動詞過去分詞PPMay/might must/have to should/ought to had better/would rather used to/wouldNeed+doing/to be+動詞過去分詞PP.和情態(tài)動詞結(jié)合的形式:The food could be taken away. 食品可以被帶走.T

51、he food might be taken away. 食品可以被帶走.The food must be taken away食品必需被帶走.The food should be taken away食品應(yīng)該被帶走.The food meeds taking away食品需要應(yīng)該被帶走. 三單,實意動詞The food had better be taken away食品最好被帶走.Books used to be returned in two days.書過去常常在二天內(nèi)被還回去.練習(xí):the room may be cleaned 門可能被打掃了.The door must be lo

52、cked.門必須被鎖上.The house should be furnished 房子應(yīng)該被整修了.The tree had better be watered now.這樹最好現(xiàn)在被澆水.第三十三講:被動語態(tài)(3) by+行為者(可以省略)動作的行為者不分明,或不重要,或上下文中提到了行為者時,by+行為者省略掉.The information is needed. The book is being read the door was opened.練習(xí):the door is opened 門被打開了. 一般現(xiàn)在時The book is being read. 書正被讀著.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被

53、動語態(tài)The computer has been used 電腦已經(jīng)被用了. 完成時被動語態(tài)The pencil had been sharpened,鉛筆已經(jīng)被削尖了. 過去完成時態(tài).第三十四講: 被動語態(tài)(4) 被動語態(tài)的疑問句.被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句:助動詞+主語+其它助動詞+動詞過去分詞.Is the information needed by him Yes, it is no,it isntHas the computer been used by her Yes, it has, no,it hasntWill the room be coeaned Yes,it will , w

54、ont被動語態(tài)的特殊疑問句:疑問詞+助動詞+主語+(其它助動詞)+動詞過去分詞.The information is needed by themWhat is needed by them?The girl is taken to shanghaiWhere is the girl taken?The book has been read three times.How many times has the book been read?練習(xí):is the book being read by her 那本書正在被她讀嗎Has the computer been used by them?電

55、腦被他們用過了嗎 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)How often is English class taken 英語課多長時間被上一次 現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài).第三十五講: 非謂語動詞(1) to +動詞原形,動詞原形+ing動詞不定式:由to +動詞原形,可以做主語,賓語,賓補(bǔ),定語,表語和狀語To get there by bike will take us an hour, The driver failed to see the car in time.We believe him to be guilty.有罪的 the next train to arrive is from seoul.My suggestion is to put o