2017高中英語語法考點(diǎn)一遍過第3輯專題十一構(gòu)詞法

1、專題一 構(gòu)詞法考點(diǎn)一 派生法1.形容詞變副詞的后綴在形容詞后加-ly 可變成相應(yīng)意義的副詞直接加lyextreme 宀 extremely 尤其，非常stupidTstupidly 傻地改 y 為一 ilyhappyf happily 快樂地I JmerryTmerrily 快樂地去 e 加lytrue 真的Ttruly 真地2.形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴隹例詞rhfaAageshortTshortage 不足；短缺cyefficie ntTefficie ncy效率；功效accura teTaccuracy 準(zhǔn)確性domJLXfreeTfreedom 自由；自主wiseTwisdom 明智；智慧

2、JM encediffere ntTdiffere nee差異silentTsilenee 沉默n essweakrweakness 虛弱；弱點(diǎn)carelessTcarelessness粗心大意thstrongTstrength力氣；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)wideTwidth 寬ydisableTdisability無能；殘疾tyresponsibleTresponsibility責(zé)任ity3.動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴2后綴例詞alapprove approval 贊成； 批準(zhǔn)arrive arrival至 U 來anceappearappearanee 出現(xiàn)；外貌perform performanee 表演； 節(jié)目e

3、nceexistTexistenee存在；生存referTreference 參考；查閱ioncon structTcon struct ion建設(shè)JTTk yrevaluateTevaluation 評(píng)估C* iationconsiderTconsideration考慮i magineTimagination想象力(s)sio ndiscussTdiscussion 討論；辯論 admitTadmissi on 接納； 準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)inghearThearing 聽力；聽覺 beginTbeginning開始imentargueTargument 辯論； 論據(jù)rxvVequipTequipmen

4、t 設(shè)備urefailTfailure失敗；沒做到pressTpressure 壓力iZ/Lture )mixTmixture 混合；混合物z/ /departTdeparture 離開；出發(fā)- yrecoverTrecovery 恢復(fù)； 痊愈discoverTdiscovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他varyTvariety多樣化；種類tendTtendency 趨向； 趨勢4.表示人的后綴在某些形容詞、名詞或動(dòng)詞后面加后綴變成具有某種職業(yè)或動(dòng)作的人。常見的表示人的后綴有：3后綴例詞ervillageTvillager 村寸民 strangeTstranger 陌生人arlieTliar 說謊者eeempl

5、oyTemployee 受雇者；雇員in terviewTin terviewee 被面試者orinventTinven tor發(fā)明家educateTeducator 教育家；教師essstewardTstewardess 女乘務(wù)員hostThostess 女主人； 女主持人eseChinaTChinese 中國人JapanTJapanese 日本人anAmericaTAmerican 美國人AustraliaTAustralian澳洲人ianhistoryThistorian 歷史學(xué)家 politicsTpoliticia n政治家；政客istspecialTspecialist專家tour

6、Ttourist旅行者；觀光者antparticipateTparticipa nt參加者assistTassistant 助手；圖書管理員5.動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞的常見后綴后綴例詞ableacceptTacceptable 可接受的 comfortTcomfortable 舒適的alpersonTpersonal 個(gè)人的； 私人的 natureTnatural 自然的；天生的fulhopeThopeful 有希望的peaceTpeaceful 禾口平的edconfuseTcon fused 感到困惑的4boreTbored 感到厭倦的ingsurpriseTsurprising 令人驚訝的 c

7、onvinceTconvincing 令人信服的ibleaccessTaccessible容易到達(dá)的；容易取得的horrorThorrible可怕的；恐怖的iveeffectTeffective 有效的；生效的in structTin structive有教育意義的OUSanxietyTanxious 憂慮的 yv )cu riosityTcurious好奇的sometireTtiresome 令人厭倦的troubleTtroublesome 麻煩的ytasteTtasty 美味的；可口的 wealthTwealthy 富裕的；豐富的 ydirtTdirty 有灰塵的；臟的erneastTea

8、ster n 東方的； 向東的 westTwestern 西方的；向西的ishfoolTfoolish愚蠢的；可笑的selfTselfish 自私的一 icscieneeTscientific科學(xué)的historyThi storic歷史上著名的” yf- aryimagi neTimagi nary 想象中的6.表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴前綴例詞dis adva ntageTdisadva ntage 缺點(diǎn)comfortTdiscomfort 不舒適il legalTillegal不合法的logicalTillogical不合邏輯的im patientTimpatient不耐煩的moral

9、Timmoral 不道德的5in formal 宀 in formal非正式的convenient 宀 inconvenie nt 不方便的ir regular 宀 irregular不規(guī)則的responsible 宀 irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的mis leadTmislead 誤導(dǎo)understandTmisunderstand誤解un willi ngTun willi ng不愿意的happyTunhappy 不咼興的后綴例詞lesshopeThopeless 絕望的 careTcareless 粗心的7.變動(dòng)詞的前綴和后綴前綴例詞en largeTenlarge 擴(kuò)大richT

10、enric h 使充實(shí)；使豐富后綴例詞enbroadTbroaden 使變寬hardTharden 使變硬ifyclassTclassify把.分類beautyTbeautify 美化izeapologyTapologize 道歉emphasisTemphasize 強(qiáng)調(diào)考點(diǎn)二轉(zhuǎn)化法不改變?cè)~形，把一個(gè)詞由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)用為另一種詞類的方法叫轉(zhuǎn)化法。動(dòng)詞T名詞walkTtake a walk 散步 swimThave a swim 游泳名詞T動(dòng)詞bookn.Tv.預(yù)訂milkn.Tv.擠奶形容詞T動(dòng)詞slowadj.Tv.減慢6narrowadj.宀v.使變窄；（差距等）縮小形容詞？副詞hardad

11、j.困難的？adv.努力地highadj.高的?adv.高deepadj.深的？adv.深wideadj.寬的？adv.廣闊地考點(diǎn)三合成法英語構(gòu)詞法中把兩個(gè)單詞連在一起合成一個(gè)新詞，前一個(gè)詞修飾或限定后一個(gè)詞，這樣的方法就是合成法。1.合成名詞構(gòu)成方式例詞名詞+名詞weekend 周末名詞+動(dòng)詞daybreak 黎明名詞+動(dòng)名詞han dwrit ing 書法名詞+及物動(dòng)詞+ er / orpai n-killer止痛藥名詞+介詞+名詞sister-i n-law嫂子代詞+名詞she-wolf 母狼，he-goat動(dòng)詞+名詞工typewriter 打字機(jī)動(dòng)名詞+名詞readi ng-room

12、閱覽室現(xiàn)在分詞+名詞flyi ng-fish飛魚形容詞+名詞freshman 大一新生副詞+動(dòng)詞outlook 景色，風(fēng)光介詞+名詞hafterbrain 后腦2.合成形容詞構(gòu)成方式例詞名詞+形容詞bloodred 血紅的名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞Fren ch-speak ing 講法語的名詞+ to +名詞on e-to-one 對(duì)一的名詞+過去分詞man-made 人造的數(shù)詞+名詞one-way 單行道的7數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞three-year-old三歲的數(shù)詞+名詞+ edte n-storeyed 十層的動(dòng)詞+副詞on e-off 一次性的形容詞+名詞high-quality咼質(zhì)量的形容詞+名詞

13、+ edn oble-min ded 高尚的形容詞+形容詞light-gree n淺綠色的形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordi nary-looki ng相貌一般的副詞+形容詞ever-gree n 常青的副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-work ing 辛勤的副詞+過去分詞well-k nown 著名的副詞+名詞fast-food提供快餐的介詞+名詞in door 室內(nèi)的3.合成動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成方式例詞名詞+動(dòng)詞sleep-walk 夢(mèng)游形容詞+動(dòng)詞white-wash 粉刷副詞+動(dòng)詞overwhelm 壓倒，制服4.合成副詞構(gòu)成方式例詞形容詞+名詞hotfoot 匆忙地形容詞+副詞everywhere 至 U 處副詞

14、+副詞however 盡管如此介詞+名詞beforeha nd 事先介詞+副詞forever 永遠(yuǎn)5.合成代詞構(gòu)成方式例詞代詞賓格+ selfherself 她自己，themselves物主代詞+ selfmyself 我自己形容詞+名詞anything 切8檢測訓(xùn)練基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)I.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空I.The customer thought for a mome ntto start an_(argue).2._ You can(large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new wordsevery day.3.Some t

15、hink that study ing abroad can_ (broad) their horiz ons.4. That little act of _(kind)made every one who saw it feel goodbut it mademe feel the best of all!1 05. Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes,but didn t respond because he didn t wantc94n some place

16、s you may borrow as more books as you need, but in others you arelimited to a certa in nu mber of books.5. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining hardly.6. The Emperor ope ned his eyes widely but still saw nothing.7.1 am awfully tiring, but I know I ll never fall sleep.8.1 foun

17、d the test difficult, but I tried hardly to do it.9.Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatiently.10.1 remember my gra ndfather very much.能力提升I.語篇填空The speech seemed to be _1_(stop) and the listeners became very _2_(patient). When the_3_(speak) said that oil was non ren e

18、wable and that the best wayto_4_(soluti on) the problem was not to make cars and buses but to force people to go to work orschool on foot, the audienee thought it was _5_(practice) andfixed upon me. I had no other(choose)(excite) was I that I could n6.So7.Luckily , she was not badlyWI,though.t wait

19、to try my hand at ridi ng it.(injure) and we sent her to the n earest(immediate) rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I jo inedin without hesitation.9.They made his restaura nt a very popular place. Today,potato chips are one ofAmerica ns _(favor) foods!10.You see , there were always a great

20、 number of tourists visiting the shops,so Icould always find some one_(in terest) to talk with.n.單句改錯(cuò)1.We are grow ing won derfully tomatoes at no cost!2.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.3.lnteresting， it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器)industry.hospital.8.A man10_6_(bear) tolis

21、te nto him any Ion ger. They _7_(believe)that the world wouldgo_8_(smooth) without these modern_9_(tn sport). They also thought that the speaker was _1_(resp on sible) to make such a _11_(state)without thi nking it _12_ (careful) and his speech wouldcause some _13_(understand). So most of the_14_(li

22、sten)chose to leave, shouting loudlyand_15 (angry).n.語法填空There s a scienee to setting goals.Below , we share some research backed tips to help youcarry out successful goals.Choose a goal that matters , not just easy win.A meanin gfulgoal _1_thattrulyin spiresyou to cha ngerequiresgoingdeeper.Think a

23、bout what you want in the coming year, then ask yourself _2_ youwant that.For example , if you walk to quit _3_ (smoke), ask why do you want toquit? Then , if you want to quit for your health ask why do you want good health?The n, if your an swer is to be alive long eno ugh _4_ (meet)your gran dchil

24、dre n,ask why do you want to meet your gra ndchildre n?Set up your goals positively.11Howyou describe your goal makes _5_ big differenee.Focusingto _7_ (actual)pursue it.Prepare for failure(i n a good way).Mome nts of failure _8_(be)un avoidable entirely whe n slight failures and setbacks start pil

25、ing up.At the mome nt whe n youfail , oftenthe firstinstinct(本能)is to push the goal away. It 能力提升I.語篇填空5.impractical10.irresp on sibleon _6_ you wantto bring into your lifenot what you want to avoidwill make you more likely,but most of us abandon the goals so_9_(comfort)tobe in that conditionof self doubt or self criticism andguilt.Your task is not to avoid failures,10 to pla n for them.Ask yourself,howam I likely to fail? For example , ifyou re likely to choo