淺析丹尼爾、笛福及其代表作《魯濱遜漂流記》AnalysisofDanielDefoeandhismasterworkRobinsonCrus

1、Analysis of Daniel Defoe and his masterwork Robinson Crusoe1. Introduction of the author and the backgroundthDaniel Defoe was born in the late 17thcentury. After the tremendous events of the 17thcentury, England entered a period of comparatively peaceful development. In theth18thcentury, the Europea

2、n broke out industrial revolution. The main contradiction isbetween the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The capitalism was generally established.And the social revolution also affected the literature style and the philosophy domain.England came into the age of enlightenment. People began to fight t

3、he survivals offeudalism; at the same time they were prone to accept bourgeois relationships as rightfuland reasonable relationships among people.Daniel Defoe was an important novelist in the English literature history. He was born in asmall merchant family in London. He ran business in his early ye

4、ars. He was ever been inSpain, German, French, and Italy during this period. He had ever joined in the military ofWilliam Three who win the throne after the English bourgeoisie drove Stuart kings away in1688. In 1692, Defoes business went bankrupt. He had to change his profession. After hetook part

5、in his writing career, he was good at writing political essays and ironic poetry tofight against feudalism. He ever wrote essays to satirize the church. And he was punishedby the government to the jail for 6 months.Defoes life was full of abundant experiences. He was from a lower bourgeoisie family.

6、He devoted himself to his business, writing, and political movements all his life. However,he was not only a businessman, a writer, and a politician as we have known; he was also ajack-of-all-trade profited from his abundant life experience. His life was also full offrustration becauseof the bankrup

7、ted business and a frustrated political life. Defoe beganto write novels when he was nearly 60 years old. Robinson Crusoe was an instantsuccess,and Daniel Defoe becamefamous soon all over the Europe because of it.2. Brief introduction of the Robinson CrusoeIn the Robinson Crusoe, the author told abo

8、ut the adventurous and fantastic experienceof Robinson. Robinson was the youngest son in his family. His parents wanted him to live apeaceful and quiet life because both of their elder sons had left them. However, Robinsonwas a man who loves adventure. His first voyage suffered a storm which made hi

9、s shipsubmerged by the sea when he was only 19. But he dindt give up his dream of exploring. Inhis following expeditions, he has ever been to Africa, Morocco, and Brazil. During thisperiod, he had accumulated some property. After these perils and adventures,he thendetermined to explore to Africa aga

10、in to barter cheap trinkets for gold and procure slaveswith his fellows. Unfortunately their ship came across a serious storm on the way to Africaand wrecked off the coast of an uninhabited island. All the sailors were dead exceptRobinson. He was taken to a desolate island by the storm. From then on

11、, Robinson beganhis unbelievable life on the island. Robinson had lived on the island for 28 years. During the28 years, he experienced all kinds of difficulties: the poor living conditions; natural disasterssuch as earthquake, tsunami, and storm; disease; and unbearable loneliness. There hehad to bu

12、ild house, hunt wild animals, plant crops for surviving. And he had to beaccustomed to the climate on the island. At the same time, he must learn to how to protecthim when the nature disaster and disease came across. Above all, the most difficult to himis to bear the long time loneliness. At first,

13、he kept a diary everyday, until he saved a nativewho named Friday by Robinson. Finally, Robinson and his servant Friday left the islandback to London under the help of a captain who he had ever saved. Robinson lived anormal life in London until many years later. He missed his island so much that he

14、wentback to the island he had ever lived for 28 years again.3. Analysis of the novels theme and writing techniquesNo matter what kinds of evaluations the critics give, Robinson Crusoe is always amasterpiece which is popular with any class people around the world. There are tworeasons why it is so fa

15、mous. One is the article s theme, the other is Defoe broke out thetraditional writing style; Robinson Crusoe is one of the important works of the early realisticnovels in the English literature history.First, the reason why this work is so famous is becauseof the novels theme: itcompliments the spir

16、it of the bourgeoisie. The hero of the novel is not only an ordinaryworker, but also a capitalist and a colonist. On one thing, Robinson was born in a middleclass family, he represented the ordinary people. His hard working, bravery, anddetermined mind praised the lower class workers in some degree.

17、 Thast why the novel canbe so popular even with the sailors, soldiers, merchants, and craftsmen. On the other thing,Robinson was a capitalist. His spirit of adventure and hardworking represented thebourgeoisie. For examples, when he stayed on the island alone, he said to himself that theentire islan

18、d was owned to him, and when the Fridays father and some other Spanishcame up, he felt he was the monarch of these men and he felt satisfied with hiscitizensobedience. Even after he went back to London, he returned to the island to inspecthis citizens and rented the lands to the migrants. Robinson s

19、howed the capitalistsspirits ofadventuring and exploring, pursuing wealth and depriving.Second, the writing skill is also the reason why this work is so famous. Defoe broke outthe traditional writing style, he used realistic writing technique. Robinson Crusoe showedrealism in three aspects. 1) First

20、 of all, this novel was based on the real experiences ofAlexander Selkirk, who had been marooned in the island of Juan Fernandez off the coast ofChile and who had had lived here in solitude for five years. Defoe was amazed by his storyand he was also very interested in it. So he changed the Alexande

21、rs experiences into anart work. Meanwhile Defoe wrote it in the first person which made the novel more authentic.And it also made the readers not only appreciate the art work, but also sense the herosbehaviors and ideas in his situation at the same time. 2) Second, there are specific datesand backgr

22、ound in the novel which made the novel more realistic. For example, the authorbegan the article with“Iwas born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family,though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen who settled first at Hull.He got a good estate by merchandise and,

23、leaving off his trade, lived afterward at York,from whence he had married my mother, whose relations were Robinson, a very goodfamily in that country, and from whom I was called Robinson Kreutznaer; but by the usualcorruption of words in England and we are now called, nay, we called ourselves, and w

24、riteour name Crusoe, so many companions always called me”, we can conclude from thisparagraph that the author not only told the readers the specific dates, places, but also hisfamilys history. That made the article not so much as a novel as a biography. 3) Finally,the author was adept in writing the

25、 specific details which can also make the novel seemmore realistic. For example, when Robinson was trapped into the island, the author wrotespecifically the things what Robinson took from the ship which wrecked by the island, suchas the food, the wine, the timber, the clothes, the guns. And even the

26、 axes and the nailssuch trifles were also written by Defoe clearly.4. ConclusionDaniel Defoe is one of the most important realistic writers in the English literature.Because of the effects of the enlightenment and the abundance life experiences, Defoebroke out the ancient traditional ideas of litera

27、ture. In his works, he paid more attention onthe daily life of the ordinary people. And thatsone of the reasons why Robinson Crusoe isso important in the literature history. And Robinson is not only the representation of thehardworking capitalism but also the representation of the Romans sea culture

28、_exploring and adventure. The novel is also meaningful in the cultural domain. So there is nodoubt that Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoeis so popular around the world.The Train Of Life1.不久以前， 我讀了一本 書。書中把人生比作一 次旅行。2.人生一世，就好比是一次搭車旅行，要經(jīng)歷無 數(shù)次上車、下車；時常 有事故發(fā)生；有時是意 夕卜驚喜，有時卻是刻骨 銘心的悲傷.3.降生人世，我們就坐上 了生命列車。我們以為 我們最

29、先見到的那兩個 人-我們的父母，會 在人生旅途中一直陪伴 著我們。4.很遺憾， 事實并非如此。他們會在某個車站下 車，留下我們，孤獨無 助。他們的愛、他們的 情、他們不可替代的陪 伴，再也無從尋找。5.盡管如此，還會有其他 人上車。他們當(dāng)中的一 些人將對我們有著特殊1. Not long ago, I read abook, in which a mans lifewas compared to a journe y.2. The life of a man is just like ahitchhiking，during whichmany times we go up anddown. N

30、ow and then thingswill happen accidently, someof which are to beunexpected excitement，while some heart-breakingsorr ows.3. When first embraced theworld，we are already on thetrain of life. We take it forgranted that the first twopersons, our parents, whomwe are encountered with, willaccompany us all

31、the way.4. Sadly，things do not go on aswe thought .Our parents willget off the train at a certainstation，leaving us, bereftand helpless .Their love andemotion to us and theirirreplaceable company canbe found in nowhere.的意義。6.他們之中有我們的兄弟 姐妹,有我們的親朋好 友。我們還將會體驗千 古不朽的愛情故事。7.坐同一班車的人當(dāng)中， 有的輕松旅行。8.有的卻帶看深深的悲哀.

32、還有的，在列車上四處奔忙，隨時準(zhǔn) 備幫助有需要的人9.很多人下車后，其他旅客對他們的回憶歷久彌 新.但是，也有一些人， 當(dāng)他們離開座位 時，卻沒有人察覺。10.有時候，對你來說情 深義重的旅伴卻坐到了 另一節(jié)車廂。你只得遠(yuǎn) 離他，繼續(xù)你的旅程。11.當(dāng)然，在旅途中，你也可以搖搖晃晃地穿過自 己的車廂，去別的車廂 找他.5. However，there will besomebody else who willget on the train. Some ofthem will have specialmeaning to us.6. Some of them may be oursibling

33、s , relatives andfriends, and we will alsoexpereince the imperishablelove.7. Some of our travellingcompanions are quitelight-hearted on the way.8. While some may bearimmense sorrow.Stillsome ,back and forth, areready to hold out their handsfor others who need help.9. Some people alight off thetrain,

34、 yet they are still kept inthe mind of the otherpassengers for long;some, tothe opposite, leave theirseats without being noticed.10.Sometimes, the one,who isdear to your heart, hashuddled into another carriage.Nothing but one you can dois just to keep on going, faraway fromhim.11 0f course, during t

35、he journey, youmay stagger to another carriage tolook for him.12.Its a pity that you will never seatyourself beside him because theseat has been engaged by others.13.Never mind. The journey is full ofchallenges,dreams, hopes anddepartures- but onlyone thing is that you cantturn back. So, have a good journeywith heart and soul.14.Show your good-will to all thepassengers you are encounteredwith, and find the merits of theirs.15.Remeber that someone mayoscillate just as we do in the journey.16.We should understand others justas we need ot