高英II課文后練習(xí)答案

1、高英II-2課文后練習(xí)：I. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco. Suggested Reference Books SRB 1. any standard gazetteer 2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaMarrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather g

2、oods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is

3、9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 200

4、0 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a

5、 Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try

6、to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.II. Questions on content: 1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identif

7、y them.Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood. 2

8、. How are people buried in Marrakech?See paragraphs 1 and 2 3. Explain the sentence, All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para 3)All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human beings. 4. What do you think medi

9、eval ghettoes were like?Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech-overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic. 5. Why does the writer say, A good job. Hitler wasnt here?If Hitler were he

10、re, all the Jews would have been massacred大規(guī)模屠殺. 6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. Its only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resor

11、ts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded. 7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?See paragraph 18 8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?The old woman was surprised because someone was

12、 taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden. 9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Every white man thought. How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before

13、 they turn their guns in the other direction? They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.III. Questions on appreciation: 1. The things of value, Orwell says in Why I Write, are always political. Is this essay politi

14、cal? Has the writer said anything of value?Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies. 2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then

15、can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and fina

16、lly, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? What effect does this contrast have on the reader?Because that shows

17、 the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come afte

18、r 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of

19、 various independent examples or illustrations of the peoples poverty and suffering. The central theme-all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact-gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in sh

20、owing that imperialism is an evil thing ?This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an evil thing.6. Comment on Orwell s lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but fo

21、rceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid明暢,清楚的style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact, the fact that the people are not considered or tr

22、eated as human beings.IV. Paraphrase: 1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building

23、 was going to be put up. 2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para 3)All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings). 3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and

24、starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para 3)They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. 4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at li

25、ghtning speed. (para 9)Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making. 5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)Immediately from their dark hole-like cells every

26、where a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited. 6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspi

27、cuous. (para 16)However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. In a tropical landscape ones eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of runn

28、ing cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out

29、 of an eroded soil (para 17)life is very hard for ninety percent of the peopleWith hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the

30、 lowest in the community，that。she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)People with brown skins are almost invisible13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)The Senegales soldiers were we

31、aring ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well-built bodies14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (par

32、a 26)Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white NCOsmarching with the black soldiers，had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mindV. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.20然而這些人的真正奇特之處還在于他們的隱身的特性。一連幾個(gè)星期，每天在幾乎同一時(shí)候總有一隊(duì)老嫗扛著柴草從我房前蹣跚走過。雖然她們的身影已映人我的眼簾，但老實(shí)說，我并不曾看見她們

33、。我所看見的是一捆捆的柴草從屋外掠過。直到有一天我碰巧走在她們身后時(shí)，一堆柴草奇異的起伏動(dòng)作才使我注意到原來下面有人。我這才第一次看見那些與泥土同色的可憐老嫗的軀體一些枯瘦得只剩下皮包骨頭、被沉重的負(fù)荷壓得彎腰駝背的軀體。然而，我踏上摩洛哥國土還不到五分鐘就已注意到驢子的負(fù)荷過重，并為此感到憤怒。驢子遭到苛虐，這是無疑的事實(shí)。摩洛哥的驢子不過如一只瑞士雪山救人犬一般大小，可它馱負(fù)的貨物重量在英國軍隊(duì)里讓一頭五英尺高的大騾子來馱都嫌過重。而且，它還常常是一連幾個(gè)星期不卸馱鞍。尤其讓人覺得可悲的是，它是世上最馴服聽話的牲畜。不需要鞍轡或韁繩。它便會(huì)像狗一樣跟隨著自己的主人。為主人拼命干上十幾年活后

34、，它便猝然倒地死去，這時(shí)，主人便把它扔進(jìn)溝里，尸體未寒，其五臟六腑便被村狗扒出來吃掉。 21這種事情當(dāng)然令人發(fā)指，可是，一般說來，人的苦難卻沒人理會(huì)。我并非在亂發(fā)議論，只不過是指出一個(gè)事實(shí)而已。褐種人簡直就是一種無影無形之物。一頭背上被磨得皮破肉爛的驢子人人見了都會(huì)同情，而那馱著大捆柴草的老婦人則往往要有某種偶然因素才會(huì)受到注意。VI. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words: 1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)chant

35、：words repeated in a monotonous tone of voice 2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)navvy：abbreviation of “navigator”，a British word meaning an unskilled laborer，as on canals，roads，etc 3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)stow：put or hide away in a safe place 4. his left leg is warped ou

36、t of shape (para 9)warp：bend，curve，or twist out of shape 5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)self-contained：self-sufficient；having within oneself or itself all that is necessary 6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)wretched：poor in quality，very inferior7. all of t

37、hem are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)mummified：thin and withered，looking like a mummy8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms ( para 23)reach-me-down：(British colloquialism)second-hand or ready-made clothing9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (par

38、a 26)charger：a horse ridden in battle or on paradeVII. Discriminate the following groups of synonyms: 1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moancry指因痛苦、憂傷或悲哀而發(fā)出悲切的聲音，并伴以流 淚。weep更具體，強(qiáng)調(diào)流淚；sob指嗚嗚咽咽、一吸一頓地哭泣；wail指無法抑制悲哀而拖長聲調(diào)痛哭；whimper指像受驚的小孩一樣聲音壓抑地、時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)地哭；moan 則指因悲傷或痛苦而低聲地、拖長聲調(diào)地哀嘆。 2. frenzy, mania, delirium

39、, hysteriamania本指狂郁精神病所表現(xiàn)出的癥狀，具體表現(xiàn)為喜怒無常，時(shí)哭時(shí)笑，行為不能自制；delirium指暫時(shí)性精神極端錯(cuò)亂(如酒醉發(fā)燒時(shí))，具體表現(xiàn)為煩躁不安、語無倫次和產(chǎn)生幻覺；frenzy是非醫(yī)學(xué)用語，指狂暴不能自制。hysteria在精神病學(xué)上指心因性紊亂，表現(xiàn)為容易激動(dòng)、焦躁不安、感官和運(yùn)動(dòng)功能紊亂以及不自覺地模擬眼瞎、耳聾等。用于引申義時(shí)，mania指對(duì)于某事的愛好達(dá)到狂熱的程度，成為癖好，如a mania for drinking(嗜酒)；delirium 指極度興奮，如a delirium of joy(狂喜)；hysteria指強(qiáng)烈的、不可控制的感情爆發(fā)，如：

40、She laughed and cried in her hysteria(她又是笑又是哭，感情難以控制。) 3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkle flash指突發(fā)的、短暫而耀眼的閃光；gleam指黑暗中閃現(xiàn)出的一束穩(wěn)定的光線；sparkle指星星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的閃光；glitter指由物體反射出的星星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的閃光；glisten指外部亮光反射于沾水的平面上而顯出的光亮；shimmer指由微波蕩漾的水面反照出的柔和的閃光。Suggested Reference Books SRB 1. Websters New World Dictionary of t

41、he American Language 2. Webstes New Dictionary of Synonyms 3. Reades Digest, Use the Right WordVIII. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each: 1. hurying-groundburying-ground(verbal noun in-ing + noun)：drinking cup，hiding place，diving board，waiting room，free

42、zing point，carving knife，writing desk，typing paper，swimming suit 2. gravestonegravestone(noun+noun)：oilwell，silkworm蠶，shirt-sleeves，girl-friend，gaslight煤氣燈，bloodstain，血跡frogman，蛙人window-pane窗格玻璃 3. mid-airmid-air(adjective+noun)：half-brother同母異父(或同父異母)兄弟，black-market，half-pay減半薪水, darkroom暗房，madman，

43、double-talk含糊其詞的言談, 空話，hothouse溫室, 溫床，handy man手巧之人, 受雇做雜事的人4. overcrowdingovercrowding(adverb +verbal noun in-ing)：dry-cleaning，overeating，oversleeping，deep-freezing，underpricing抑價(jià)，underrating低估，down-grading品位降低，up-dating升級(jí) 5. nine-tenthsnine-tenths(adjfrom a cardinal number+noun, from an ordinal n

44、umber): one-fifth, two-sixths, three-eighths, one-ninthSuggested Reference Books SRB 1. any standard dictionary 2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reaso

45、ns.1. thread as in The little crowd of mourners.threaded their way across the market , indicating that the market was so crowded that the crowd could hardly pass through. 2. rise, sweat, starve, and sink as in They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back

46、 into the nameless mounds of the graveyard-, giving a deep impression of how these people live a short and miserable life. 3. sidle as in An Arab navvy working on the path nearby lowered his heavy hoe and sidled slowly towards us, showing clearly how a shy man walked carefully. 4. grope as in Even a

47、 blind man . heard a rumour of cigarettes and came crawling out, groping in the air with his hand, presenting a clear picture of a blind man desiring to get a cigarette. 5. mummify as in All of them are mummified with age and the sun -, a forceful word indicating what a miserable state those women a

48、re in. 6. hobble as in the file of old women had hobbled past the house with their firewood , indicating that these women could not walk properly because of the heavy load they were carrying. 7. tip as in its master tips it into the ditch , showing how casually a master deals with his dead dog which

49、 has served him devotedly. 8. stow as in I tore off a piece and he stowed it gratefully in some secret place under his rags, designating how much the poor navvy treasured that piece of bread.X. Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subo

50、rdinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases: 1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.After the British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, there was only a single armored divison

51、 left to protect the home island. 2. The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.Although the dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming. 3. The educational program may succ

52、eed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.If the educational program is to succeed, it has to have more than mere financial support from the government. 4. They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.They have wasted

53、their natural resources, which they should have protected and conserved. 5. The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.Soon other settlers were coming in over the first rough trail which the Caldwell family had opened. 6. The Smithsonian Institution is const

54、antly working for a better understanding of nature for man s benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.The Smithsonian Institute is constantly working, with little or no publicity, for a better understanding of nature for mans benefit. 7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both pa

55、ssions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions-passions of love and of hatred and revenge. 8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only for a few days.For a few days I dreaded opening the door of his office. 9. It was early morning and there

56、 was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.Concealed by the fog of early dawn, I crawled out and made my way to the beach. 10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Leaving the door of the safe unlocked and

57、 taking the leather bag of coins, I walked down the street toward the bank.XI.Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achieving unity? Give your reasons.1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There i

58、s always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the frozen ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat.