中國文化練習(xí)答案s

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Chapter 11. Multiple choice (choose the best answer).1) The Peoples Republic of China is_ largest country of the world.a. the second b. the c. the third d. the fourth 2) Chinese vast sea surface is dotted _ more than 5,000 islands.a. at b. with c. in d. about3) As a written language, Ch

2、inese has been used for _ years.a. 6,000 b. 5,000 c. 4,000 d. 7,0004) Chinese language, which belongs to the _ language family.a. Uralic b. Indo-European   c. Austro-Asiatic d. Chinese-Tibetan5) Modern Chinese characters total more than 60,000 among which about _are frequently used characters.a

3、. 1,000 b. 2,000 c. 3,000 d. 4,0002. Fill in the blanks.6) In the world, there were originally ancient _ and ancient _ letters. However, the two disappeared successively and only _ remain extant.7) The National Flag of the Peoples Republic of China is _ in color, _ in shape, with_.8) Each Chinese ch

4、aracter is made up of three basic elements: _, _ and _.9) The order of Chinese names is _ first and then the _. In ancient China, one person usually had several names, and naming involved _, _, _, and _.3. Translate the following terms into English.10) a. 故宮_ b. 自然保護區(qū)_ c. 自治區(qū)_ d. 特別行政區(qū)_11) a. 漢族_ b.

5、道德傳統(tǒng)_ c. 社會地位_d. 漢字_ 4. Explain the following in English.12) the “four great inventions” 13) the main stages of the evolution of Chinese characters5. Answer the following questions.14) What are the four main ways of formation of Chinese characters?15) Why Hao is different from ming and zi?16) What i

6、s the general composition of a Chinese surname? Please illustrate with examples.答案1. Multiple choice (choose the best answer).1) c 2) b 3) a 4) d 5) c2. Fill in the blanks.6) Sumerian, Egyptian, Chinese characters7) red, rectangular, five stars8) form, sound, meaning9) family name, the given name, x

7、ing, shi, ming, zi3. Translate the following terms into English.10) a. the Imperial palace/the Forbidden City b. nature reserve c. autonomous region d. special administrative region 11) a. the Han nationality b. ethical tradition c. social status d. Chinese character 4. Explain the following in Engl

8、ish.12) paper making, printing, the compass and gunpowder.13) P95. Answer the following questions.14) Chinese characters mainly have four ways of formation, namely pictographs, indicatives, ideatives and harmonics.15) A persons ming and zi were normally given by his or her elders. Hao was different

9、from both ming and zi in that it was chosen by oneself rather than by others. A person often had more than one hao. Hao was not used to address one another but as a signature in ones poetic and artistic works. Hao usually revealed ones aspirations and moral values.16) A Chinese surname is generally

10、composed of one character or syllable, such as Zhang, Wu, Li, or Yang. There are also two-syllable, three-syllable or even four-syllable surnames, such as Ouyang, Zhuge, Sima, Gongsun, Zhukehun, Buliugu, Houmochen and Jingjiangliushi.Chapter 21Multiple choice (choose the best answer).1) Primitive ch

11、aracters were invented and carved on _.a. stones b. bamboos c. pots d. rocks2) Li Bing and his son directed the construction of _which made possible rationalized irrigation supply, flood diversion and sand discharge.a. the Grand Canal b. the Great Wall c. the Silk Road d. the Dujiang Dam3) During th

12、e _, people learned how to smelt bronze and use iron tools.a. Shang Dynasty b. Qin Dynasty c. Han Dynasty d. Xia Dynasty4) The “times of prosperity” refers to the _ reign periods.a. Genghis Khan b. Ying Zheng c. Li Shimin d. Kangxi and Qianlong5) In the _ Dynasty, remarkable progress was made in agr

13、icultural production and handicrafts, and toward the end of the dynasty, the rudiments of capitalism appeared.a. Ming b. Qing c. Song d. Shang 2. Fill in the blanks.6) In _, Qin Shihuang, the First Emperor, established Chinas first centralized autocracy, the Qin Dynasty, thereby ushering Chinese his

14、tory into feudalism.7) In the Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-A.D. 220), the Han regime reached the period of its greatest prosperity. Emperor Wudi conquered the Xiongnu nomads, and sent Zhang Qian as envoy to the Western Regions (Central Asia), and in the process pioneered the route known as _ from the Han c

15、apital_ (todays Xian， Shaanxi Province), through_ and onward, finally reaching the east coast of the _.8) The _ was the turning point in Chinese history which marked the close of the ancient period and the beginning of the modern history.9) The Bourgeois Democratic Revolution of 1911 led by _ topple

16、d the rule of the Qing Dynasty and put an end to more than 2,000 years of_. 3. Translate the following terms into English.10) a. 舊石器時代_ b. 新石器時代_c. 奴隸社會_ d. 紅樓夢_11) a. 彩陶 _ b. 春秋戰(zhàn)國時期 _c. 社會主義市場經(jīng)濟_d. 鴉片戰(zhàn)爭_4. Explain the following in English.12) the Silk Road13) “a hundred schools of thought contend”5

17、. Answer the following questions.14) Why the Opium War was the turning point in Chinese history?15) Why the construction of the Dujiang Dam was so important in Chinese ancient times?16) What are the main contributions of Qin Shi Huang?答案1Multiple choice (choose the best answer).1) c 2) d 3) a 4) d 5

18、) a2. Fill in the blanks.6) 221 B.C.7) Silk Road, Chang'an, Xinjiang, Mediterranean Sea 8) Opium War9) Sun Yat-sen, feudal monarchical system 3. Translate the following terms into English.10) a. the Paleolithic Era b. the Neolithic Age c. slave society d. Dream of Red Mansions 11) a. painted pot

19、tery b. the spring and Autumn Period c. socialist market economy d. Opium War 4. Explain the following in English.12) During the reign of Emperor Wudi (Liu Che, r. 140-87 B.C.), the Han regime reached the period of its greatest prosperity: The emperor conquered the Xiongnu nomads, and sent Zhang Qia

20、n as envoy to the Western Regions (Central Asia), and in the process pioneered the route known as the "Silk Road" from the Han capital Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), through Xinjiang and onward, finally reaching the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea.13) During th

21、e Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, philosophy and other branches of scholarship were unprecedentedly thriving, with the representatives of various schools vying with each other in writing books to discuss politics and analyze society. Hence the appearance of a situation in which "a

22、 hundred schools of thought contended."5. Answer the following questions.14) The Opium War was the turning point in Chinese history in that it marked the close of the ancient period and the beginning of the modern history. 15) The reason why the construction of the Dujiang Dam was so important

23、in Chinese ancient times is that it made possible rationalized irrigation supply, flood diversion and sand discharge. 16) During his reign, Qin Shi Huang standardized the script, currencies, and weights and measures, established the system of prefectures and counties, and constructed the world-renow

24、ned Great Wall as well as a large palace, mausoleum and temporary regal lodges respectively in Xianyang, Lishan and other places. In addition, the life-size terracotta horses and armored warriors excavated from sites near the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang are known as the eighth wonder of the world. Ch

25、apter 31Multiple choice (choose the best answer).1) During the late Spring and Autumn Period, _ started the trend by providing private teaching.a . Xun Zi b. Mo Zi c. Mencius d. Confucius2) Ideologically speaking, both Confucius and Mo Zi were idealists, but there are noteworthy elements of _ in Mo

26、Zis theory of knowledge.a. socialism b. materialism c. capitalism d. idealism3) According to Xun Zis theory of _, the good qualities man had were acquired through learning after birth.a. innate evil b. benevolent governance c. innate good d. universal love4) _ is the most important theoretician of t

27、he Legalist school of thought.a. Xun Zi b. Han Feizi c. Sun Zi d. Mo Zi5) _ was a well-known military strategist in late Spring and Autumn Period.a. Mo Zi b. Han Feizi c. Xun Zi d. Sun Zi2. Fill in the blanks.6) It is said that Confucius had more than _ students, _ of whom were considered to be exce

28、llent.7) Unlike Confucius, _ did not deny the quest for_ (profits, or gains), but he attached more importance to _ (righteousness) and considered _ as his top priority.8) _ advocated universal love, the love for all without discrimination.9) _s concept of _ was a step forward compared to the naive _

29、 or _ initiated during the Spring and Autumn Period.3. Translate the following terms into English.10) a. 儒家思想_ b. 孫子兵法_ c. 孔子語錄_ d. “亞圣”_11) a. 封建地主階級_ b. 保守主義_c. 仁政 _ d. 井田制_4. Explain the following in English.12) The six documents (The Six Classics) under Confucius compilation13) Mencius “Goo

30、d Nature Doctrine”5. Answer the following questions.14) What is the ideal moral personality according to Mencius belief?15) Whats the notable difference between Han Feizi and Confucius on the view of human nature?16) What are the main contributions of Confucius?17) In Sun Zis view, what fa

31、ctors are of pivotal importance in military affairs?答案1Multiple choice (choose the best answer).1) d 2) b 3) a 4) b 5) d2. Fill in the blanks.6) 3000, 727) li, yi, yi8) Mo Zi9) Xun Zi, nature, materialism, atheism3. Translate the following terms into English.10) a. Confucianism b. (Sun Wus) the Art

32、of War c. Confucian analects d. Second Sage11) a. the feudal landlord class b. conservatism c. the policy of benevolence d. the nine-square field system4. Explain the following in English.12) The six documents (The Six Classics) under Confucius compilation include Shi (The Book of Songs), Shu (Colle

33、ction of Ancient Texts), Li (The Rites), Yue (The Music), Yi (I Ching, or The Classic of Changes), and Chun Qiu (The Spring and Autumn Annuals), which are considered as the classics of Confucianism. 13) Mencius believed that human beings are good by nature. He held that this goodness is innate and c

34、an be acquired without learning or thinking; ones natural goodness is presented by the exercise of benevolence, righteousness, proprieties and prudence. Evil comes into being when one rejects their natural goodness. 5. Answer the following questions.14) According to Mencius, the ideal moral personal

35、ity is that one should never be “corrupted by neither riches nor honors, shaken by neither poverty nor adversity, faltered by neither threats nor force”.15) Han Feizi argued that human nature is basically selfish, and thus the social order can be maintained only when the ruler imposes rules and his

36、subjects must obey without questioning and enforces them with strict punishments. As a moral and ethical system, “ren” is the central theme of Confucius Analects, which focuses on human love that is hierarchical and differentiated. Thus Confucius created his version of humanism. In his idea, human n

37、ature is partially good and partially evil. Based on “ren”, Confucius objected to the fantastic powers that confused the human spirit.16) As one of the greatest thinkers and educators in the history of China, Confucius contributions lie in the following three aspects. Firstly, he compiled and preser

38、ved literary works of three generations. The six documents (The Six Classics) under his compilation, including Shi (The Book of Songs), Shu (Collection of Ancient Texts), Li (The Rites), Yue (The Music), Yi (I Ching, or The Classic of Changes), and Chun Qiu (The Spring and Autumn Annuals), are consi

39、dered as the classics of Confucianism. Secondly, Confucius established a system of philosophical thoughts with “ren”(benevolence) as its fundamental virtue. Thirdly, Confucius established private schools and founded a systematic educational framework.Chapter 41Multiple choice (choose the best answer

40、).1) It is widely believed that _was the author of Tao Te Ching.a. Confucius b. Mencius c. Mo Zi d. Lao Zi2) Politically, Lao Zi advocated ruling by _.a. the government b. people c. god d. non-action or inaction3) From Zhuang Zis point of view, only _ was absolute, while everything else was relative

41、.a. love b. the Way c. “ren” d. god4) _ was born at Ku Prefecture (todays Luyi County of Henan province) in the later years of the Spring and Autumn Period.a. Confucius b. Lao Zi c. Mencius d. Mo Zi5) Lao Zi was a of and is a central figure in _.a. Buddhism b. Islam c. D d. 2. Fill in the blanks.6)

42、The idealistic state in Lao Zis description is _, even _ and in isolation.7) For Lao Zi, it was more important to “see _, to realize ones _, to cast off _, and to temper_”.8) Lao Zi literally means "_" and is generally considered an .9) Lao Zis philosophy reflects the exploration of an int

43、ellectual for the ultimate solution of _ and _.3. Translate the following terms into English.10) a. 史前時期_ b. 悲觀主義_ c. 道教_ d. 天人相應(yīng)_11) a. 中華武術(shù)_ b. 占星學(xué) _c. 中國煉丹術(shù)_ d. 社會秩序_4. Explain the following in English.12) the 13) the “Four Sacred Daoist Mountains”5. Answer the following questions.14) What does L

44、ao Zis “Tao” mean?15) Why Taoism is so important in Chinese religion?16) How do you understand Lao Zis “ruling by non-action or inaction”?答案1Multiple choice (choose the best answer).1) d 2) d 3) b 4) b 5) c2. Fill in the blanks.6) naturalistic, primitive7) the simplicity, true nature, selfishness, d

45、esire8) Old Master9) the social order, individual freedom3. Translate the following terms into English.10) a. prehistoric times b. pessimism c. Taoism d. men-cosmos correspondence11) a. Chinese martial arts b. astrology c. Chinese alchemy d. social order4. Explain the following in English.12) compas

46、sion, moderation, and humility 13) Mount Longhu (Mount Dragon and Tiger) in Jiangxi Province, Mount Qingcheng in Sichuan Province, Mount Wudang in Hubei Province, and Mount Qiyun in Anhui Province.5. Answer the following questions.14) The core of Lao Zis thought is “Tao” (the Way), by which he refer

47、ed to the condition of the universe before the creation of the heaven and the earth. Therefore, it is from Tao that all the elements of the universe are derived. Reversal enables Tao to have a circular movement, that is, when the development of anything brings it to one extreme, a reversal to the ot

48、her extreme takes place. 15) Taoism is one of the most important religions in China, which refers to a variety of related philosophical and religious traditions and concepts. These traditions have influenced East Asia for over two thousand years and some have spread to the West. As the native religi

49、on of China, Daoism, together with Confucianism and Buddhism, comprises the main body of traditional Chinese culture. Daoists, in pursuit of the ideal of becoming immortals by practicing Dao, made great efforts to transcend conventional wisdom about life and knowledge and thus helped both to define

50、ancient science in China and to advance it through a great number of inventions. Chinese alchemy, astrology, cuisine, several Chinese martial arts, Chinese traditional medicine, fengshui, and many styles of qigong breath training disciplines have been intertwined with Daoism throughout history.16) L

51、ao Zis “ruling by non-action or inaction” reflects the exploration of an intellectual for the ultimate solution of the social order and individual freedom. His pursuit of vacuity and action through non-action echoes the reality of his time, a period torn by ceaseless wars among states. Lao Zi used t

52、he term broadly with and as key virtues, often in contrast to selfish action. On a political level, it means avoiding wars, harsh laws and heavy taxes. For him, it was more important to “see the simplicity, to realize ones true nature, to cast off selfishness, and to temper desire”.Chapter 51Multipl

53、e choice (choose the best answer).1) Buddhism originated in _ in the 6th century BC. Sakyamuni is said to be the founder of Buddhism.a . China b. Japan c. India d. Korea2) In 1996, Mount _ was included in the List of the World Famous Cultural Relics.a. Jiuhua b. Wutai c. Emei d. Putuo 3) Buddhism is the number _ religion in China.a. one b. two c. three d. four4) Mount _ is known in and out of the country as “the most worshipped sacred place” and “the first mountain in Southeast China.”a. Jiuhua b. Wutai c. Emei d.