虛擬語氣講解整理

1、虛擬語氣講解整理虛擬語氣講解整理語氣語氣英語的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：英語的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣氣。不同的語氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式。不同的語氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣的概念 一、一、虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬條件句虛擬條

2、件句主句主句與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)與過去與過去相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)與將來與將來相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)If+主語主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式動(dòng)詞的過去式（動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞be用用were)主語主語+should,would,might,could動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形If+主語主語+had +過去分詞過去分詞主語主語should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主語主語+動(dòng)詞過去式動(dòng)詞過去式2、If+主語主語+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語主語+should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形主語主語should, would might, could動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形

3、原形eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.如果我是你，我就會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)如果我是你，我就會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)如果我知道他的如果我知道他的 號(hào)碼，我就給他打號(hào)碼，我就給他打 了了如果明天下雨的話，我們會(huì)取消比賽如果明天下雨的話，我們會(huì)取消比賽If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.If I had known

4、 his telephone number, I would have called him.If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.More practice:使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句“，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整If you had followed my adv

5、ice , you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)是大學(xué)生如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)是大學(xué)生了了4. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends ver

6、y often. a. has to get b. were to get c. had got d. could have got15.If her husband _ in the war, she would not be helping others with the housework now. a. had not been killed b. hadnt killed c. wasnt killed d. would not have been killedThe Subjunctive Mood 典型例題典型例題虛擬語氣的省略虛擬語氣的省略 在條件句中，可省略在條件句中，可省略

7、 if，把，把were ,had, should 提到提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain

8、 tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 6. Had he worked harder, he _ the exams. a. must have got through b. would have got through c. would get through d. could get through9. _ for your help, wed never have been able to get over the difficulties. a. Had it not b. If it were not c. Had it not been d. I

9、f we had not been 14._ today, he would get there by Friday. a. Would he leave b. Was he leaving c. Were he to leave d. If he leavesThe Subjunctive Mood 典型例題典型例題二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用（1）用于賓語從句）用于賓語從句、wish wish 后面的賓語從句中。后面的賓語從句中。 一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：語動(dòng)詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過

10、去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)表過去過去完成時(shí)表過去過去完成時(shí)表將來表將來would, might, could動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.2. 2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.

11、We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：注意：suggest 當(dāng)表示當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“講時(shí)，講時(shí)，insist 表示表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

12、他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷錢那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷錢 在在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”should可以省略可以省略（2）用于表語從句和同位語從句）用于表語從句和同位語從句My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we

13、(should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.A.在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞后面的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用：用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 我們有必要出去散散步。我們有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a w

14、alk now. 2 她這樣做是很自然的。她這樣做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. （3）虛擬語氣在）虛擬語氣在 在主語從句中在主語從句中B. 在在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中從句用句型中從句用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型動(dòng)詞原型It is demanded that we should

15、 work out a plan.C. 在在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中從句型中從句也常用句也常用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型動(dòng)詞原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.1. It is essential that the application forms _ back before the deadline. a. must be sent b. would be sent c. be sent d. were sent2. I dont think it advisabl

16、e that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience. a. is assigned b. will be assigned c. be assigned d. has been assigned7. It is of the utmost importance that you _ here on time. a. be b. shall be c. are to be d. must beThe Subjunctive Mood 典型例題典型例題 1. It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用

17、過去式或語動(dòng)詞用過去式或should動(dòng)詞原形，動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略不能省略三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中It is high time that you went / should go to school.2. If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式應(yīng)用過去式; 如果是過去的情況如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài) If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!3. would rather +

18、 從句動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去完成時(shí)從句動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去完成時(shí)I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. 4. as if ( as though) 看起來常用虛擬形式，即看起來常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成式用過去完成式 (had done).He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.He speaks/ spoke as if

19、 he had known about it5. even if ( even though)即使即使Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.8. Its time _ about the traffic problem downtown. a. something was done b. everything is done c. anything will be done d. nothing to be done10

20、.He always talks as though he _ a public meeting. a. is addressing b. addressed c. addresses d. address11.Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. a. do b. didnt do c. wont do d. hadnt doneThe Subjunctive Mood 典型例題典型例題四四 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have donecould have done 本來可以本來可以- - -might have done 本來

21、可能本來可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本來應(yīng)該做本來應(yīng)該做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做本不該做 - - 你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做本不必做 - - - 比較：比較：didnt need to do 沒必要做也沒有做沒必要做也沒有做 - - - 我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本來會(huì)