六年級(jí)下英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)班總復(fù)習(xí)資料小升初人教PEP版

1、2019畢業(yè)班小學(xué)英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)資料一、易錯(cuò)詞匯 1. 冠詞a, an，the的選擇: 元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用a。a, an在以下情況下用：表示數(shù)量“一” 表示一類(lèi)人或物，不具體指哪一個(gè)。用在固定詞組中。the在以下情況下用：特指某一個(gè)具體的人或事物。上文中提過(guò)的人或事物。用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前面。用在樂(lè)器名詞前面用在序列數(shù)、形容詞最高級(jí)以及方位詞的前面。用在慣用語(yǔ)中。注意以下情況不使用冠詞the：在某些專(zhuān)有名詞前面。在季節(jié)、星期、節(jié)日、三餐、球類(lèi)等前面。名詞前已經(jīng)有this, that, his, our等定語(yǔ)時(shí)。習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。如by bike.2. am , is ,

2、are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are. 3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I ,you 用 have . 4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are. 5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問(wèn)句和否定句用any. 6. 疑問(wèn)詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰(shuí)) where (哪里) whose (誰(shuí)的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大

3、) how many (多少)how much(多少錢(qián)) 二、名詞（表示人和物的名稱(chēng)的詞）1. 普通名詞可數(shù)名詞（可以分為單個(gè)個(gè)體系，并且可以直接用數(shù)目進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞）如student,book,boy等。有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分：表示“一個(gè)”時(shí)用單數(shù)形式，表示“多個(gè)”時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如 a computer, a room, an apple, five books, many bags, some desks等。名詞由單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：如果單詞結(jié)尾的字母是s, x, ch, sh的，通常要在單詞后面加-es;如果單詞結(jié)尾的字母是o的，一般在后面加-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。如bus-buses box-b

4、oxes class-classes dish-dishes watch-watches tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes.以字母y結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，而且y的前面不是元音字母，則要把y改成i，再加-es。如果是y的前面是元音字母的，就直接加-s。如story-stories baby-babies day-days boy-boys.以f, e結(jié)尾的單詞，要把f, fe 改成v后加-es。如knife-knives wolf-wolves leaf-leaves shelf-shelves.一些不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如goose-geese foot-feet tooth-te

5、eth woman-women man-men child-children.還有部分單詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。（注意：這些名詞是可數(shù)名詞）如fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep people-people.不可數(shù)名詞（不可以計(jì)數(shù)的名詞）如 water, air, ice等。三年級(jí)：cake bread hot dog hamburger chicken Coke juice milk water tea coffee.四年級(jí)：hair rice fish beef soup weather五年級(jí)：homework house work cabbage pork mutt

6、on eggplant fish tofu grass lake air rain snow.六年級(jí)：money vapour soil.2. 專(zhuān)有名詞 （表示人名，地名等）如Mike, Beijing.三、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有: A,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如 study studied carry carried worry worried (注意pl

7、ay,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類(lèi)) 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped B,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類(lèi)詞并無(wú)規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式:sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was , are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - tol

8、d , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt 四、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則: 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 五、動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)（現(xiàn)在式）

9、詳解 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則: 一般情況，直接在動(dòng)詞后面加-s。如like-likes take-takes want-wants以ch,sh,s,x,o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在動(dòng)詞后面加-es。如teach-teaches wash-washes go-goes以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變?yōu)閕再加-es。如study-studies try-tries carry-carriesbe,have的現(xiàn)在式：be用is;have變?yōu)閔as。六、形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)詳解 當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級(jí).比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是: 什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比

10、較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 ,如: I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.) An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.) 形容詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來(lái)的,它的變化規(guī)則是: 1.規(guī)則變化一般的直接在詞尾加er ,最高級(jí)加est如 tall - taller-tallest , strong - stronger-strongest , 以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,最高級(jí)加st如 fine finer-finest , 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,最

11、高級(jí)加est如funny - funnier-funniest 雙寫(xiě)最后的字母再加er,最高級(jí)加est如bigbigger-biggest,thinthinner-thinnest ,hot-hotter 多音節(jié)的形容詞時(shí)，在形容詞前加more,如 more beautiful , more expensive2. 不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化，需要特殊記：good / well better-best,bad/illworse-worst, many / muchmore-most,littleless-least注意 比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西. 典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is lon

12、ger than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng).) 比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒(méi)有可比性. 應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair. 比較級(jí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí): 一,從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子 heavy tall long big (1) How is the Yellow River (2) How is Mr Green？ He's 175cm. (3) How are your feet ？I wear size 18. (4)How is the fish？ I

13、t's 2kg. 七、數(shù)詞（包括基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞）我們主要學(xué)習(xí)的是時(shí)間、日期、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算的表示。1. 基數(shù)詞（表示數(shù)量的多少，如one, two, three等）；序數(shù)詞（表示排列順序，如first, second, third等。）2. 基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞口訣：一、二、三，單獨(dú)記；八去t，九除e， ve要用f替，整十基數(shù)變序數(shù)，先把ty變成tie；要是遇到兩位數(shù)，十位基數(shù)個(gè)位序，th最后加上去。解析口訣：onefirst 1st， twosecond 2nd， threethird 3rd這三個(gè)詞變化特殊，要單獨(dú)記；eighteighth 8th， 

14、nineninth 9th， 八去t，九去e后再加-th； fivefifth 5th， twelvetwelfth 20th，五、十二把ve換成f再加-th；twentytwentieth 20th， thirtythirtieth 30th. 整十先把詞尾y改為ie再加-th。兩位數(shù)時(shí)則十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞，個(gè)位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，如：twenty-first 21st。3. 時(shí)間的讀法：如 6：00讀作six或six oclock；8：10讀作eight ten 3:05讀作three o five.4. 日期的讀法：如 2019讀作nineteen

15、ninety seven; 2019讀作two thousand and eight; 2013年2月25日寫(xiě)作February 25th 2019或25th February 2019 讀作 February twenty fifth two thousand and thirteen.或 twenty fifth February two thousand and thirteen.5. 數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算的表達(dá)：2+3=5讀作two and three is five或two plus three is five.八、人稱(chēng)代詞與物主代詞、人稱(chēng)代詞人稱(chēng)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱(chēng)I（我）meWe

16、（我們）us第二人稱(chēng)you（你）youyou（你們）you第三人稱(chēng)he（他）himthey（他,她,它們）themshe（她）herit（它）it、物主代詞          數(shù)    人稱(chēng) 類(lèi)別單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs漢語(yǔ)我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他（她、它）們的九、句型專(zhuān)項(xiàng)歸類(lèi) 1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子,如:I'

17、;m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor. He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren&#

18、39;t) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening. 注意 小結(jié):否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 "not".有動(dòng)詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫(xiě)成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開(kāi)寫(xiě).沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它

19、后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫(xiě)在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱(chēng)和數(shù),都用"did" . 3,一般疑問(wèn)句:是指詢(xún)問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子,此類(lèi)句子必須用"yes",或"no"來(lái)回答. 如:Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not

20、. Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.) Wil

21、l he eat lunch at 12:00 Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won't). Are they swimming Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. 注意 小結(jié):一般疑問(wèn)句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上, 把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫(xiě),末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可. 沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即

22、可. 這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱(chēng)和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問(wèn)句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問(wèn)和答要一致,即問(wèn)句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的. 4,特殊疑問(wèn)句:以特殊疑問(wèn)詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開(kāi)頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類(lèi)句子應(yīng)該問(wèn)什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來(lái)回答.如: What is th

23、is？ It's a computer. What does he do？ He's a doctor. Where are you going？ I'm going to Beijing. Who played football with you yesterday afternoon？ Mike. Which season do you like best？ Summer. When do you usually get up？ I usually get up at 6:30. Whose skirt is this？ It's Amy's. Why do you like spring best？ Because I can plant trees. How are you？ I'm fine. / I'm happy. How did you go to Xinjiang？ I went to Xinjiang by train. 其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問(wèn)詞組用來(lái)提問(wèn),如