高一語法——句子成分、句式

1、高一語法高一語法句子成分、句句子成分、句式式本節(jié)目標(biāo)本節(jié)目標(biāo)1. 了解句子的主要成分和五種基本句型的構(gòu)成了解句子的主要成分和五種基本句型的構(gòu)成2. 識別簡單句，并列句，復(fù)合句；能夠劃分句識別簡單句，并列句，復(fù)合句；能夠劃分句子成分，子成分， 復(fù)合句中能夠識別從句并答題復(fù)合句中能夠識別從句并答題3. 寫出結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子，完成寫作任務(wù)。寫出結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子，完成寫作任務(wù)。1. 簡單句五種基本句型：簡單句五種基本句型：2. 主語，賓語，表語，賓補主語，賓語，表語，賓補 一般是什么詞性？一般是什么詞性？3. 四種常見的系動詞：四種常見的系動詞：4. 并列句特點：并列句特點：5. 主從復(fù)合句特點：主從復(fù)合

2、句特點： 如何識別主句、從句？如何識別主句、從句？1. 簡單句五種基本句型：簡單句五種基本句型：2. 主語，賓語，表語，賓補一般為什么詞性？主語，賓語，表語，賓補一般為什么詞性？3. 四種常見的系動詞：四種常見的系動詞：(1) 是是 ：be(am, is, are, was, were) (2) 感覺感覺: look; feel; sound; smell; taste;seem/ appear (3) 變變得得：get; turn; grow; go; come; become (4) 保持：保持：keep; stay; remain S+Vi（主（主+謂）謂） S+ V系系+ P (主主+

3、系系+表表) S+Vt+O（主（主+謂謂+賓）賓） S+Vt+IO+DO（主（主+謂謂+間賓間賓+直賓）直賓） S+Vt+O+OC（主（主+謂謂+賓賓+賓補）賓補） 主主(n./主格主格pron./to do/doing)+謂謂+賓賓主主+謂謂+賓賓(n./賓格賓格pron./to do/doing)主主+系系+表表(adj./n./賓格賓格pron. /prep/to do/doing/done)主主+謂謂+賓賓+ 賓補賓補(adj. / n. / prep/ to do / doing / done)4. 并列句特點：并列句特點： 句句 + 并列連詞并列連詞(and, but, while

4、 ,or , so-) + 句句5. 主從復(fù)合句特點：主從復(fù)合句特點： 如何識別主句，從句？如何識別主句，從句？ 主從主從+謂謂+賓從賓從 動詞動詞+ 賓從；賓從； 介詞介詞+ 賓從賓從 主從主從+系系+表從表從 從句：從句：關(guān)聯(lián)詞關(guān)聯(lián)詞+-謂語謂語+- 簡單句簡單句填空填空(1) Its normal for him _(have) a big reaction.(2) The king made the girl his own private musician, _(give) her vast riches.(3) The king _ (hear) the music and cal

5、led the girl into the place.(4) There are some unique animals not _ (find) anywhere else.Conclusion:考點：考點：技巧：技巧： to have giving heard heard and called 并列謂語并列謂語 found謂語謂語(時態(tài)時態(tài)/語態(tài)語態(tài)/主謂一致主謂一致);并列謂語并列謂語;非謂語非謂語(成分成分)； 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找準(zhǔn)謂語找準(zhǔn)謂語（其他動詞為非謂語；注意（其他動詞為非謂語；注意非謂語做什么成分非謂語做什么成分） it 形式主語，形式主語，to do主語主語

6、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語過去分詞過去分詞found作定語作定語只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu) （一個謂語或并列謂語）（一個謂語或并列謂語）改錯改錯(1 ) On the playground many students playing football.(2) There was once a king adored music very much.(3) At the next station, an old man got on the bus, stood in front of me.(4) I remembered her words and calm down soon.(5

7、) Watch too much TV is harmful to our eyes.Conclusion:考點：考點：技巧：技巧： are/were who/ (或或adored改為改為adoring) standing (或或stood 前加前加and) calmed Watching/ To watch謂語謂語(時態(tài)時態(tài)/語態(tài)語態(tài)/主謂一致主謂一致);并列謂語并列謂語;非謂語非謂語(成分成分)； 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找準(zhǔn)謂語找準(zhǔn)謂語（其他動詞為非謂語；注意（其他動詞為非謂語；注意非謂語做什么成分非謂語做什么成分） 句子沒有謂語句子沒有謂語 單句有兩個謂語單句有兩個謂語 非謂語動詞

8、作主語用非謂語動詞作主語用to do/doing 單句有兩個謂語單句有兩個謂語 謂語動詞的時態(tài)謂語動詞的時態(tài)并列句并列句(1)She found the bus had just left, _ she had to wait another 15 minutes.(2)We liked the dishes _ we were happy to learn the English songs.改錯改錯(1) We were wet to the skin, and we still sang and laughed happily.(2) He has two sons, both of t

9、hem are doctors.(3) Using your head, and you will find a way.(4) He walked around the room several times, then he sat down.考點：并列連詞用法考點：并列連詞用法;上下文邏輯關(guān)系上下文邏輯關(guān)系技巧：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷為并列句技巧：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷為并列句;翻譯確定上下文邏輯關(guān)系翻譯確定上下文邏輯關(guān)系 so and but 上下文邏輯關(guān)系錯上下文邏輯關(guān)系錯 and (或或them改為改為whom) Use 祈使句祈使句+ and/ or +you ll- and then, ot

10、herwise, however, yet為副詞為副詞 注：逗號的作用注：逗號的作用句句 +(,) 并列連詞并列連詞(and, but, while ,or , so-) + 句句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句填空填空(1) _ we were tired after the journey, we were in high spirits.(2) Toms father was the first parent _ our teacher talked to.(3) She said she had finished her work, _ I doubted very much.(4) We improve

11、 ourselves while _ (organize) our micro-blogs.(5) It is your attitude toward it _ matters.Conclusion:考點：考點：技巧：技巧： Although/ Though/ While ( whom/who ) 狀語從句狀語從句 定語從句定語從句 which 非限定從非限定從 organizing 狀語從句省略狀語從句省略 that 強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) 從句引導(dǎo)詞從句引導(dǎo)詞 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定主句謂語，找出從句，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定主句謂語，找出從句， 判斷什么從句；填引導(dǎo)詞判斷什么從句；填引導(dǎo)詞改錯改錯(1

12、) He lived in a house, in front of it stood a tall tree.(2) These bags are made of this kind of material can be easily treated.(3) All the other students burst into laughter before they came to know that both teacher and Pam had misunderstood each other.(4) That surprised us most there was the beaut

13、y of scenes.Conclusion:考點：考點：技巧：技巧： which which(或去掉或去掉are) after What 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定主句謂語，找出從句，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定主句謂語，找出從句， 判斷什么從句；確認引導(dǎo)詞是否正確判斷什么從句；確認引導(dǎo)詞是否正確非限定從非限定從;注意逗號的作用注意逗號的作用2. can 前加前加which/that 狀語從句狀語從句主語從句主語從句I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary to b

14、e my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations- UNESCO and National Geographic among them have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangm

15、i with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal. Summary 句子結(jié)構(gòu)考點：句子結(jié)構(gòu)考點： 句子句子成分成分(相應(yīng)詞性相應(yīng)詞性) 尤其是尤其是謂語動詞（時態(tài)謂語動詞（時態(tài)/語態(tài)語態(tài)/主謂一致）；非謂語主謂一致）；非謂語 并列連詞并列連詞，上下文邏輯關(guān)系，上下文邏輯關(guān)系 從句從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 答題技巧：（養(yǎng)成分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的

16、習(xí)慣）答題技巧：（養(yǎng)成分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的習(xí)慣） 分析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷句子判斷句子類型類型，確定，確定謂語謂語和和其他其他句子句子成分成分 分析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找并列連詞，判斷上下文邏輯關(guān)系，找并列連詞，判斷上下文邏輯關(guān)系 分析分析句子句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定結(jié)構(gòu)，確定主句謂語主句謂語，找出，找出從句從句，判斷什么，判斷什么從句；確認從句；確認引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 注意：標(biāo)點注意：標(biāo)點逗號逗號給予的信息給予的信息六、當(dāng)堂檢測六、當(dāng)堂檢測1. 短文填空短文填空 Once there was two mice, a city mouse and a city mouse. They were distan

17、t relatives. One day the city mouse, _ lived in a big house, wrote a letter to the country mouse inviting him for a visit. Delighted, the country mouse_(acceptance) the invitation and came to the city mouses house. He _(greet) by the city mouse cheerfully. The country mouse was surprised _ big the h

18、ouse was. The city mouse was pleased _ led the country mouse to the kitchen. _ they climbed up the table, there was a large piece of bread, fruit and cheese on it. But just as they began to eat, they heard a great noise, the city mouse cried, which accepted was greeted how andWhen “Run! Run! The cat

19、 _ (come)!” They ran away quickly and hid. _(breath) heavily after hiding in the mouse-hole, the country mouse said to the city mouse, “I should go back to my house in the city. _ _I eat nothing but beans, I can live peacefully. Why dont you come with me to the country? _ is nicer to be poor and hap

20、py, than to be rich and afraid.” is coming BreathingAlthough/ Even ifIt 短文改錯短文改錯 I have a friend who has a big police dog is named Jack. Every Sunday afternoon my friend took Jack for a long walk in the park. Walk in the park is that Jack likes very much. One Sunday a young man dropped in on my frie

21、nd, stayed a long time. They talked and talked. Soon it was time for my friend take Jack for his walk, and the visitor still sat talking. Jack became worried about his walk in the park. He walked around the room several times but then he sat right in front of the visitor and looked at him, he paid n

22、o attention. He continued talk. Finally Jack couldnt stand it any longer, held the visitors hat in his mouth.takes或或is前加前加whichWalking what to and and who holding but to for微寫作微寫作我很高興你在中國期間過得很愉快。并真誠地邀請你再我很高興你在中國期間過得很愉快。并真誠地邀請你再次來中國和我的家人一起住。我們的學(xué)校生活既幸福又次來中國和我的家人一起住。我們的學(xué)校生活既幸福又繁忙。我們對學(xué)習(xí)熱情高漲，因為這是通過高考的必須。

23、繁忙。我們對學(xué)習(xí)熱情高漲，因為這是通過高考的必須。經(jīng)過一天的努力學(xué)習(xí)，我們有時會感到疲倦，因此我們經(jīng)過一天的努力學(xué)習(xí)，我們有時會感到疲倦，因此我們經(jīng)常打籃球來放松一下。期望盡快收到你的回信。經(jīng)常打籃球來放松一下。期望盡快收到你的回信。 Im glad that you had a good time during your stay in China. I sincerely invite you to come again and live with our family. Our school life is happy and busy. We study in high spirits

24、 , because it is a must to pass the College Entrance Exam. After we work hard for a whole day, we sometimes feel tired, so we often play basketball to relax ourselves. Im looking forward to your reply. 翻譯翻譯教室里有很多學(xué)生在讀英語。教室里有很多學(xué)生在讀英語。There are many students reading English in the classroom布朗夫人看起來很健康。布

25、朗夫人看起來很健康。Mr Brown looks healthy.我乘交車上班很方便。我乘交車上班很方便。It is convenient for me to go to work by bus.我要你把真相告訴我。我要你把真相告訴我。I asked you to tell me the truth.我的任務(wù)完成了。我的任務(wù)完成了。My task has been finished.Conclusion: 技巧：分析技巧：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)(五種五種)，確定謂語，確定謂語， 注意：特殊句式，形式主語，注意：特殊句式，形式主語， 謂語動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)及主謂一致謂語動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)及主謂一致翻譯翻譯(1

26、)他許諾了，但是沒有遵守諾言。他許諾了，但是沒有遵守諾言。 He made a promise, but (he) didnt keep it. (2)太陽從東方升起，從西方落下。太陽從東方升起，從西方落下。 The sun rises in the east and (it) sets in the west.(3)他傷了腿，因此不能參加比賽。他傷了腿，因此不能參加比賽。 He hurt his legs, so he cant take part in the competition.Conclusion: 技巧：技巧：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定謂語，并列連詞分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定謂語，并列連詞 注意

27、：并列連詞連接什么并列成分注意：并列連詞連接什么并列成分 詞詞 + 并列連詞并列連詞+ 詞詞 短語短語 + 并列連詞并列連詞+ 短語短語 句句 + 并列連詞并列連詞+ 句句翻譯翻譯(1) 我們希望越來越多的學(xué)生發(fā)表自己的英語作文。我們希望越來越多的學(xué)生發(fā)表自己的英語作文。 并成為我們的筆友。并成為我們的筆友。 We hope (that) more students will post your English article, and become our pen pal.(2) 我們學(xué)校有一個游泳池，全天免費開放。我們學(xué)校有一個游泳池，全天免費開放。 There is a swimming pool in our school, which is open free of charge all the day.(3) 大聲點講，以便大廳里人人都能聽到。大聲點講，以便