新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)英語上冊(cè)第9單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)-總結(jié)

1、新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)英語上冊(cè)第9單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)-總結(jié)Unit9 Can you come to my party?話題：Invitations教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1. Learn how to make, accept, decline invitation.2. Talk about obligations with“have to”3. Talk about the schedule.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Can的用法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣的動(dòng)詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化情態(tài)動(dòng)詞數(shù)量不多，但用途廣泛，

2、主要有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) can是一個(gè)常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含義 5點(diǎn)1) 表示能力（如體力和腦力方面），意為“能、會(huì)”Can you speak Chinese Can you play basketball?2) 表示請(qǐng)求或者允許，多用在口語中，意為“可以、能”等客觀條件的允許。用于疑問句中用來提出要求，用于否定句中表示不允許。Can you help me You cant play the computer 3) 表示可能，理論上的

3、可能He can be out now. It cant bu sunny all the time.4)表示說話人的猜測(cè)、懷疑、不肯定等，主要用于否定句、疑問句、感嘆句中，帶喲感情色彩。How can yo be so rude! Can he be back 5)could可以作為can的過去式，也可以在提出請(qǐng)求時(shí)表示委婉。He could save the little boy. Could you help me?拓展 辨析can 與may 4點(diǎn)1)表示“許可、準(zhǔn)許”，此時(shí)與can同義，可以互換使用You may/can go to the cinema this evening. 注

4、意：表許可時(shí)其答語可以用“Yes,you may.”但是由于用may做肯定回答語氣顯得生硬、嚴(yán)肅，因此一般用Yes, please. /Certainly. / Of course.這些回答顯得熱情、客氣。拒絕對(duì)方時(shí)，其答語可以用No, you mustnt. / No, you cant. / Sorry, you cant. / No, please dont-May I come in -Yes, please -May I use your ruler -Certainly. Here you are. 2)表示可能性時(shí)，常用在肯定句中，意為“可能、也許”He may be very

5、busy now. He said that she might not be at work today. 3) can和may都可以表示推測(cè)。can通常用在否定句和疑問句中，may通常用在肯定句和否定句中。雖然兩者都可以用于否定句，但是程度不同，cant的語氣比may not更強(qiáng)。It cant be true. It may not be true. 4) 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，?？梢宰g為“祝愿”May you have a good time. May you be happy. 練習(xí)題1) Would you like to go swimming with me this afte

6、rnoon Id love to, but Im afraid I _. I have too much work to do. 2) _ I use your dictionary? Of course you can. 3) _ I know your name? Sure. My name is Han Huimei. 4) I dont understand this sentence. _ you explain it to me?5) That sweater _ be yours. No, it _ be mine. Mine is over there.6) Jim left

7、his English book at home. He _ borrow one from other students. 7)_ you have a merry Christmas and happy New Year!8) May I pick a flower in the garden? No, you _. 2. must與have to 表示義務(wù)，即必須或者不得不做的事表示“必須、一定要”，多強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的主觀看法，否定式mustnt表示“一定不要，禁止”You must see the doctor. Must you go soon 對(duì)于must開頭的一般疑問句，如果要做否定

8、回答，可以用neednt, dont have to，不能用mustnt -Must I come over tonight -No, you neednt表示客觀需要時(shí)，常用have to, have to 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞組，第三人稱單數(shù)為has to.過去式為had to. Have to的疑問句，否定句都要借助于助動(dòng)詞do,來完成。Eg. He has to stay at home. 他不得不呆在家里。 Why do I have to do everything 為什么事事都得我來干。練習(xí)題1) You _ swim in this part of the lake. Its dang

9、erous. 2) _ I tell him the truth right now? No, you _. You can tell him about it later.3)-Do we mush finish our homework this afternoon?-Yes, you_. 4)我不必呆在這里。 _5)杰克生病了，他不得不呆在家里。 v.做好準(zhǔn)備，把準(zhǔn)備好eg. My mother always prepares a big breakfast for me every morning.媽媽每天早上總是為我準(zhǔn)備一頓豐盛的早餐。 為做準(zhǔn)備prepare for 為做準(zhǔn)備 ma

10、ke preparations for get ready for teacher told them to prepare for the coming speech contest.The smiths are making preparations for this journey.準(zhǔn)備去做prepare to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備去做get ready to doMake preparations to doprepare sb. for 使某人為而準(zhǔn)備 We must prepare him for the bad news. 我們必須使他為這個(gè)壞消息做好準(zhǔn)備。be prepared

11、 for/ to do They are prepared for anything that might happen. 他們已準(zhǔn)備好了應(yīng)對(duì)任何可能發(fā)生的事情。preparation 準(zhǔn)備，準(zhǔn)備工作 可數(shù)名詞 be in preparation 正在準(zhǔn)備中 Her daughters wedding is in preparation. 她女兒的婚禮正在準(zhǔn)備中。 that 以至于，以便于 little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mothers Day.這個(gè)小男孩省下每一枚硬幣，這樣才能在

12、母親節(jié)那天給他的媽媽買份禮物。1) 辨析 so that 與sothat so that 表示目的(多) 表結(jié)果 She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time. sothat 表結(jié)果 She spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear her.2) so that 與 in order that 都表示目的后加從句3) in order to 與so as to 后加動(dòng)詞原形4) so that suchthat He is so good a student that we all

13、like him. = He is such a good student that we all like him.名前such 形副so 多多少少都用so5) sothat 后從句用否定 太而不能 tooto 本身有否定 notenough to do形容詞副詞置于enough，前用not 表否定5. by表示時(shí)間，意為“不遲于，在之前” Please hand in your homework by . 請(qǐng)?jiān)谙挛缌c(diǎn)前交作業(yè)。 表示方式，方法，手段等，后常接無冠詞的名詞或者動(dòng)名詞，意為“通過；靠；用” Dont judge a person by appearance. 請(qǐng)不要以貌取人。

14、 I learned this song by listening to the radio. 我通過聽廣播學(xué)了這首歌。 表示交通路線或者工具，后接不用冠詞的名詞，意為“乘；坐；騎；” by bus/plane/train/taxi 乘公交車/飛機(jī)/火車/出租車 by bike 騎自行車 by land/sea/air 經(jīng)陸路 海陸 空中路線 表示位置，意為“在旁邊” They went camping by the river. 他們?nèi)チ撕舆吢稜I(yíng)。6. refuse v. 拒絕 refused their invitation. 她拒絕了他們的邀請(qǐng)。 refuse sb./sth. 拒絕某人

15、/某事 refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事I refuse to answer that question. refuse 范圍較廣 refuse a fact 不承認(rèn)事實(shí) turn down 把音量調(diào)低，拒絕 對(duì)象通常是提案，建議 decline 謝絕；婉拒 She declined to have dinner with her friend.7. available adj. 有空的，可獲得的 Eg. The doctor is not available now. 醫(yī)生現(xiàn)在沒空。 有空的 不用于名詞前 Will she be available today? Availab

16、le 可獲得的 常用于名詞前 This is the only room available.8. until conj.&prep. 到時(shí)，直到時(shí) 介詞 表示動(dòng)作狀態(tài)繼續(xù)道為止 I waited until three oclock. 動(dòng)詞為可延續(xù)動(dòng)詞 用于否定句到為止；直到才The noise didnt stop until midnight. 動(dòng)詞為短暫性 表動(dòng)作狀態(tài)繼續(xù)直到另一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)出現(xiàn) 連詞 He lived with his parents until he got married. 主句動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性 用于否定句直到才；不到不 The children wont c

17、ome home until its dark. 主句動(dòng)詞為短暫詞9. hang v.懸掛；垂下 Im hanging this picture on the wall. 我正在把這幅畫掛在墻上。 hang 意為 懸掛 I always hang my coat on the chair after I get home. 到家后我總是把衣服掛在椅子上。 hang out 常去某處；泡在某處；出去玩 hang about/around 閑逛 hang up 掛斷電話 hang 還有絞死，上吊 過去式 hanged hanged Eg. The man was hanged for murder

18、. 那男人因謀殺罪被處絞刑。10. catch v. 及時(shí)趕上；接住；抓住 The cat catches mice. 貓捉老鼠。 catch a cold 得感冒 catch the bus 趕公交 catch fire 著火 catch ones breath 喘口氣 catch up with 趕上 catch you later 稍后聯(lián)系你；回頭見11. without prep. 沒有，不 entered the room without knocking. 名/代without + 動(dòng)名詞 It wasnt polite of you to serve yourself without asking.-Jack, is maths difficult to learn in high school?-Sure. No subject can be learned well _hard work.A. without 12. accept v.接受 asked her to marry him and she accepted.他向她求婚，他同意了。 Accept 客觀 被動(dòng) 通常是接受 accept a gift Receive 主觀 主動(dòng) 通常是收到 receive an educa