四年級下冊發(fā)現(xiàn)與探索

1、position-related consum ption ofcivil servants hasbeen sweptbyfinance, consumer,regardless ofcost, extravagance a nd waste i nthe civil service position-relate dconsumption, a buse, corruption and embezzlement, corr uption is im portant. The n, undert he conditionsofmarketeconomy, Countyin re cent y

2、ears ofgoverna nce situationsee , positionsconsumption in the produced of"twonot" phenomenonrenderingf our afeatures:a i spositions consum ption systemlost ha s dueof bi ndi ng,right isgreatert han r ules,a nd rightis greaterthan methodofphenomenon moreuntil November2003,XX Countytow nshi

3、p De partment bus159cars,whichde partmentownst hebus 145 vehicles, and showedani ncrea singtrend.Fi nancial expe nsescostperbus peryearto35,000 yuan,and infactevery cost upto50,000y uan.S ome units also hiri ngtemporarydriverhowto reform theexisting civilduty consum ption management,explore sa sourc

4、e to preve ntand curb thepostconsumption corruptionway, iscurrentlya majori ssuefaced byhone st work.Recently, I conducte d research onthi sissue,thi s problem onsome humble opi nions.Fir st,the existi ng publicservants 'dutyconsumptihighlig ht; IIis in positi ons consumption inthe CameraObscura

5、 operation, using terms, willpositi ons consum ption into has personal consumpti on,w illcorporate poi ntstoint opersonalpoi ntsto,makes positions consumpti on in some a spe cts ha s into positions enjoy andself-dealing of means;three ist o positions consum ptionfors and ex pendit ure on w ages ands

6、ubsi dies. Necessaryto"kee p acar",but also"depe nda nts",leadi ngto largerexpe nses.Second,gong chesiyongbree d unhealthyte nde ncies.Some people be lieve that nowsomebus driversuse one -third,one-t hirdlea dingpr ivateone -thir duse d forofficialpurpose s.Some publi cservants,

7、especially leading officials motoriemssee nfrom theinve stigation a nd rea sons,i n rece nt years, publicservants' duty consumption causedbyt he abuse sand notapersonor,Trend of negative corruption phenomenasuchas corr uption andmisa ppropriation;four pala ces,foll ow thefashion,rivalries,wa一 -

8、. - 一 - - 一_I - -.一- 一 . I. I_ILI . _ - . _d_ 一ng,car s for private purposes,violating theself-disciplineregulati ons, a nd evenlea dto trafficaccidents.Accordingtostatistics fromrelated deofintegrity,i s oneofthe majorpr oblems i nthe party in Gover nment,its operationor derhave anegativeeffectonth

9、epartyand Gov ernment organs, seriously damaging theimageofthepartyand theGovernment,u ndermi ning therelationshi p between party andthe masses,effect,opening up a nd economi c constr ucti on.From Isteful,and postconsumptionbecame asym bolofshowi ngofftheirindividualcapacities. Causedby public serv

10、ants'duty consum ption ofmany "two"phe nome non inw hich pe opl e reflectthe biggestpr oblemsar e:(a) theofficial carproblems.Ma inly int hreeaspe cts:one ist he largerbuses costexpenditure.Accordingtostatistics, _ _ . _n_J .-II _ 一 一 一 .1_ _IL _ I _I. Ill _ -.一 -一一partments,since 2004

11、,the correctinvestigationin ourCountyserves nearly 30 carsforprivate pur poses, onlythe first halfofthis year,cars for privatepurpose sor2009 年四年級下冊發(fā)現(xiàn)與探索參考目錄1.對 稱2. 溶解的作用3. “靜電”小實驗4. 手上的觸覺5. 小降落傘的實驗6. 坦克的履帶7. 葉子能吸塵增濕嗎8. 測量的技巧9. 反沖作用10. “王蓮”與“牛蒡子”的啟示11. 緩沖的作用12. 死海的秘密eadersdrivi nga vehi cle a cci de

12、nt cause d by roaapprove dciv ilserva ntspositi onsconsumption stad accidents,1, 1 people k illeda nd directe conomic l ossesamounting tndar dto "big unifie d,a nd smalldisperse d"suitable,thatmostncial,a uditi ng de partmentsshouldstreomore thapositionsngthen supervi sion andi nspectin 10

13、0,000 yuan.Third, highefficie ncya nd low costofthe bus.Sconsum ption project shouldaccordingto policyof publicse rvants'dutyconsumption monetiurveysshowthat,the operating cost softaxisforthe8200/. Isafundameprovide s pr opose dunifiedsta ndar d,considert o rank s,and units a ndt he w ork task o

14、fdifferencezations sex, unifiedofsta ndardshoulsystem,measures adifficult pr oblemthatmustbesolved ihasela stic of anddynamicof, makes regis todevel op andmonitorthe implementation of inspen thereform prons,and unitsiocess.Clearly,the postconsumption averages three years before a sa base andfine-tun

15、e don the basis ofthis si ngle pra ctices m ustbeimnimpleme ntation uction,not consum ption as required, evenified sta ndar d Shi hasm ustofflexibl edi sposalrig ht; butsi nce setofsta ndar d mustafterfinanshifting consumerbehaviortosop,serious casesto dealwith.Three ideas, publicnci al,and a udit,p

16、roved. Improveme ntsto a dheretot hree pri nci ples:first, underthe exsectorau ditapprove dHouto implemeservants 'duty consumption monetization reformofpolitintation.(C) reform package.Publics, theeconomyand thedeeisti ng policy pr ovisi ons appr ove d for publicservants' duty consumption st

17、andards,calc serva nts'dutyconsumptipeni ng of thereform, publionela sticityof consum ptiontolimitcserva nts 'dutyconsumptiibration,is notcontrarytopolicy. Seon as somew herebetw een areformalsodemconsum ption, turningmess into kitchen after dinner,follonstrated its importanceacond, a ccordi

18、ng t othe l ocal fina ncial situati ona nd people's sustainabilitow theciv ilserva nt with ahowto use personand urge ncy.First of all, civil serva nts especially partyand Goverltitle subsi dies,ory,publi c servantnment leadersand publihow to manag ea personals 'duty consumpcservants'duty

19、coonstautyconsumptindar ds a pprove d, both finaonsumpti on tn use ofsubsi dies.Thereforehereare big drawba cks.ncial re ach,and pe ople passi ngthrough.Third,accordi,wemustestablish andperfeNPC deputies a nd CPPCCmemberctwithngtothepublic servants' duty consumptis andthe br oadmasses areconcero

20、perationa l nee ds ofciv ilservant sresponsible for aned a bout.Secondly,theuthorized public servants 'dutyconsumptionstandards, both higserie sof gover nancesystem s such as thecivilservi ce examinatih andlow positions,but alsothenature of theworkandthe workloaon ofresponsibil ity,system,lowfau

21、ltinvestigation system,there portsa id. Whileot her measurest okeepup.position-related consum ption ofcivil servants hasbeen sweptbyfinance, consumer,regardlessofcost, extravagance a nd waste i nthe civil service position-relate dconsumption, a buse, corruption and embezzlement, corr uption is im po

22、rtant. The n, undert he conditionsofmarketeconomCountyin re cent years ofgoverna nce situationsee , positionsconsumption in the produced of"twonot" phenomenonrenderingf our afeatures:a i spositions consum ption systemlost ha s dueof bi ndi ng,right isgreatert han r ules,a nd rightis greate

23、rthan methodofphenomenon moreuntil November2003,XX Countytow nshi p De partment bus159cars,whichde partmentownst hebus 145 vehicles, a nd showe dani ncrea singtrend.Fi nancial expe nsescostperbus peryearto35,000 yuan,and infactevery cost upto50,000y uan.S ome units also hiri ngtemporarydrivery, howt

24、o reform theexisting civilduty consum ptionmanagement, explore sa source to preve ntand curb thepostconsumption corruptionway, iscurrentlya majori ssuefaced byhone st work.Recently, I conducte d research onthi sissue,thi s problem onsome humble opi nions.Fir st,the existi ng publicservants 'duty

25、consumptihighlig ht; IIis in positi ons consumption inthe CameraObscura operation, using terms,willpositi ons consum ption into has personalconsumption,w illcorporate poi ntstoint opersonalpoi ntsto,makes positions c onsumpti on in some a spe cts ha s into positions enjoy andself-dealing of means;th

26、ree ist o positions consum ptionfors and ex pendit ure on w ages andsubsi dies. Necessaryto"kee p acar",but also"depe nda nts",leadi ngto largerexpe nses.Second,gong chesiyongbree d unhealthyte nde ncies.Some people be lieve that nowsomebus driversuse one -third,one-t hirdlea din

27、gpr ivateone -thir duse d forofficialpurpose s.Some publi cservants, especially leading officials motoriemssee nfrom theinve stigation a nd rea sons,i n rece nt years, publicservants' duty consumption causedbyt he abuse sand notaperson ofintegrity,i s oneofthe majorpr oblems i nthe party in Gove

28、r nment,its operationor derhave anegativeeffectonthepartyand Gov ernment organs, seriously damaging theimageof the partyand theGovernment,undermi ning therelationshi p between party andthe masses,effect,opening up a nd economi c constr ucti on.From Ior,Trend of negative corruption phenomenasuchas co

29、rr uption andmisa ppropriation;four pala ces,foll ow thefashio n,rivalries,wa steful,and postconsumptionbecame asym bolofshowi ngofftheirindividualcapacities. Causedby public ser ants'duty consum ption ofmany"two" phe nome non inw hich pe opl e reflectthe biggestpr oblemsar e:（a） theof

30、ficial carproblems.Ma inly int hreeaspe cts:one ist he largerbuses costexpenditure.Accordingtostatistics,一 - . - 一 - - 一_I- -.一- 一 . I. I_ILI. _ - . _d_ _ _ _ . _n_J .-II _ 一 一 一 .1_ _IL _ I _I. Ill _ -.一 -一一ng,car s for private purposes,violating theself-disciplineregulati ons, a nd evenlea dto tra

31、fficaccidents.Accordingtostatistics fromrelated departments,since 2004,the correctinvestigationi n ourCountyserves nearly 30 carsforprivate pur poses, onlythe first halfofthis year,cars for privatepurpose sorapprove dciv ilserva ntspositi onsconsumption sta ndar dto "big unifie d,a nd smalldisp

32、erse d"suitable,thatmostpositions consum ption project shouldaccordingto policyprovide s pr opose dunifiedsta ndar d,considert o rank s,and units a ndt he w ork task ofdifference s sex, unifiedofsta ndardshoul d hasela stic of anddynamicof, makes regions,and unitsi nimpleme ntation unifiedstand

33、ar d Shi hasm ustofflexibl edi sposalrig ht; butsi nce setofsta ndar d mustafterfina nci al,and a udit, sectorauditapprove dHouto impleme ntation.（C） reform package.Public serva nts'dutyconsumpti onela sticityof consum ptiontolimit consum ption, turningmess into kitchen after dinner,foll ow thec

34、iv ilserva nt with ahowto use persona ltitle subsi dies,or how to manag ea personal dutyconsumpti on use ofsubsi dies.Therefore ,wem ustestablish andperfe ctwith public servants' duty consumptionmoneti zationreformsupportoftheserie sof gover nancesystem s such as thecivil servi ce examinati on o

35、fresponsibil ity,system,lowfaultinvestigation system,there portsa id. Whileot her measurest okeep up.Disci plinei nspecti on a ndsupervision organs,financial,a uditi ng de partmentsshouldstrengthe n supervi sion andi nspecti on of public se rvants'dutyconsumption monetization reform progress,tos

36、trengthen thereform of publicservants 'duty consumptionmonetization system,measure s todevel op andmonitorthe implementation of inspection,not consum ption as required, eve nshifting consumerbehaviortost op,seriousca sesto dealwith.Three i deas, public servants' duty consumption monetization

37、 reform ofpolitics, theeconomyand thedeepeni ng of thereform, publi cserva nts 'dutyconsumpti on as somew herebetw een areformalsodemonstrateditsim portancea nd urge ncy.First of all, civil serva nts especially partyand Gover nment leadersand publicservant s'dutyconsumpti on t hereare big dr

38、awba cks. NPC deputies a nd CPPCCmember s andthe broadmasses areconcer ned a bout.Secondly,t he1.對 稱一、教學目的1 通過以對稱物體和圖形為內(nèi)容的學習研究活動，引起學生對身邊事物的學習研究興趣，培養(yǎng)積極研究問題的科學態(tài)度，感悟科學研究問題的方法。2通過對“對稱”現(xiàn)象的感受和理解，對學生進行美的陶冶，使他們感受美、欣賞美，提高審美水平。3通過學習與體驗活動，使學生了解對稱的意義，并能觀察、判定生活實踐中和建筑物中對稱與不對稱的物體或圖形。對建筑藝術(shù)中的對稱作用有一定體會。二、課前準備1 課前教師要注

39、意收集相關(guān)的資料，并準備有關(guān)的投影與實物，使研究氣氛更具有趣味性。應(yīng)對實驗一制作相應(yīng)課件。2制做好各小組的四葉風車。三、教學要點及建議教學的重點是培養(yǎng)學生探究問題的科學態(tài)度，了解探究問題的科學方法。教學的難點是分析對稱現(xiàn)象的意義。四、教學要點及建議1 各欄目教學指導策略：（ 1）引言主要是通過美麗的圖片引起學生參與活動的積極性，引入新課。六幅圖分別是：（自左至右，自上至下）天安門、河北趙州橋、西安大雁塔、天壇、人民大會堂。（ 2）探索課題明確研究的課題：探索“對稱的意義和作用”，進一步調(diào)動學生參與活動的積極性。初步向?qū)W生解釋一下“對稱”的概念，最好用實例說明。（ 3）探索活動活動準備：準備好實

40、驗活動的物品。進行安全教育?；顒釉O(shè)計：提示本節(jié)活動課活動是通過實驗、研究了解“對稱”和“對稱”在生產(chǎn)和生活中的作用和意義，解釋一些“對稱現(xiàn)象”。進一步明確學習目標。活動過程：本課分四個環(huán)節(jié)分別為：第一個環(huán)節(jié)是實驗一“認識對稱圖形”初步認識對稱現(xiàn)象，通過動手實驗感知對稱的概念，讓他們體會出“對稱”就是一條軸線的兩邊具有大小、形狀、和排列完全一樣的東西的特點。教學中可以將小組內(nèi)同學分成三個小小組對三個圖形分別進行實驗，然后交流，啟發(fā)印證“思考問題”欄目的結(jié)論。eadersdrivi nga vehi cle a cci dent cause d by roa d accidents,1, 1 pe

41、 ople k illeda nd directe conomic l ossesamounting t omore tha n 100,000 yuan.T hird, highefficie ncya nd low costofthe bus.S urveysshowt hat,the operating cost softaxisforthe8200/. Isafundamentalpri orityofthe reform,itis adifficult pr oblemthatmustbesolved in thereform pr ocess.Clearly,t he postco

42、nsumpti on averages thre e years before a sa base andfine-t une don the basis ofthis si ngle pra ctices m ustbeim proved. Improveme ntsto a dheretot hree pri nci ples:first, underthe ex isti ng policy pr ovisi ons appr ove d for publicservants' d utyconsumptionstandards,calibration,is notcontrar

43、ytopolicy. Se cond, a ccording t othe l ocal fina ncial situati ona nd peo ple's sustainabilit y,publi c servant s 'duty consumpti onsta ndar ds a pprove d, both fina ncial re ach,and pe ople passi ngthrough.Third,accordingtothe operationa l nee ds ofciv ilservant sresponsible for a uthorize

44、d public servants 'dutyconsumptionstandards, both high andlow positions,but alsothenature of thew orkandthe w orkloa d.In reform ofmethodShang,position-related consum ption ofcivil servants hasbeen sweptbyfinance, consumer,regardless ofcost, extravagance a nd waste i nthe civil service position-

45、relate dconsumption, a buse, corruption and embezzlement, corr uption is im portant. The n, undert he conditionsofmarketeconomy,howto reform theexisting civilduty consum ption management,explore sa sour ceto preve ntand curb thepostconsumption corruptionway, iscurrentlya majori ssuefaced byhone st w

46、ork.Recently, I conducte d research onthi sissue,thi s problem onsome humble opi nions.Fir st,the existi ng publicservants 'dutyconsumption the m ain pr obl emssee nfrom theinve stigation a nd rea sons,i n rece nt years, publicservants' duty consumption causedbyt he abuse sand notaperson ofi

47、ntegrity,i s oneofthe majorpr oblems i nthe party in Gover nment,its operationor derhave anegativeeffec tonthe partyand Gov ernment organs, seriously damaging theimageofthepartyand theGovernment,undermi ning therelationship between party andthe masses,effect,opening up a nd economi c constr ucti on.

48、From ICountyin re cent years ofgoverna nce situationsee , positionsconsumption in the produced of"twonot" phenomenonrenderingf our afeatures:a i spositions consum ption systemlost ha s dueof bi ndi ng,right isgreatert han r ules,a nd rightis greaterthan methodofphenomenon morehighlig ht; I

49、Iis in positi ons consumption inthe CameraObscura operation, using terms, willpositi ons consum ption into has personalconsumption,w illcorporate poi ntstoint opersonalpoi ntsto,makes positions consumpti on in some a spe cts ha s into positions enjoy andself -deali ng of means;three ist o positions

50、consum ptionfor name,fraud,false impersonator,Trend of negative corruption phenomenasuchas corr uption andmisa ppropriation;four pala ces,foll ow thefashion,rivalries,wasteful,and postconsumpti on became asym bolofshowi ngofftheirindividualcapacities. Causedby public serv ants'duty consum ption

51、ofmany"two" phe nome non inw hich pe opl e reflectthe biggestpr oblemsar e:（a） theofficial carproblems.Ma inly int hreeaspe cts:one ist he largerbuses costexpenditure.Accordingtostatistics,until November2003,XX Countytow nshi p De partment bus159cars,whichde partmentownst hebus 145 vehicle

52、s, and showedani ncrea singtrend.Fi nancial expe nsescostperbus peryearto35,000 yuan,and infactevery cost upto50,000y uan.S ome units also hiri ngtemporarydrivers and ex pendit ure on w ages andsubsi dies. Necessaryto"kee p acar" ,butalso "depe nda nts",leadi ngto largerexpe nses

53、.Second,gong chesiyongbree d unhealthyte nde ncies.Some people be lieve that nowsomebus driversuse one -third,one-t hirdlea dingpr ivateone -thir duse d forofficialpurpose s.Some publi cservants, especially leading officials motori ng,car s for private purposes,vi olating theself-disciplineregulati

54、ons, a nd ev enlea dto trafficacci dents.Accordi ngtostatistics fromrelated departments,since 2004,the correctinvestigationi n ourCountyse rves nearly 30 carsfor private pur poses, onlythe first halfofthis year,cars for private purpose sor第二個環(huán)節(jié)是實驗二“驗證對稱圖形”是通過用第一個環(huán)節(jié)的結(jié)論驗證六幅圖中哪個是對稱圖形。仍以小組活動形式進行教學。再次印證對

55、稱就是一條軸線的兩邊具有大小、形狀、和排列完全一樣的東西的特點。教學中教師可以再引進一些事例進行練習。但教師要注意的是本課只講授 “軸對稱”不涉及其它對稱形式。第三個環(huán)節(jié)是實驗三“研究在建筑藝術(shù)上對稱圖形的作用”通過對北京天壇的祈年殿的建筑分析來研究對稱的作用。建議以小組討論形式來進行?？梢宰寘⒂^過天壇祈年殿的同學談自己的感受，會收到很好的教學效果。在此基礎(chǔ)上逐步總結(jié)出在建筑藝術(shù)上對稱圖形的作用。再用以上結(jié)論研究人民英雄紀念碑這座建筑，對稱在這里所起的作用。第四個環(huán)節(jié)是實驗四“進一步研究對稱的作用”是對稱作用的延伸。教學中可以先安排小實驗活動，制作一個四葉風車進行實驗。讓學生感悟?qū)ΨQ作用不僅是

56、建筑物藝術(shù)之美，還有一定科學道理和作用。對六幅圖讓學生逐一展開討論，有的若能通過實驗或親身體驗，會有更好的效果。（ 4）探索發(fā)現(xiàn)這一欄目分三段對課題研究做了相應(yīng)的結(jié)論，教學中要讓學生自我梳理總結(jié)，以達到更好的教學效果。（ 5）探索延伸這一部分是所學內(nèi)容的延伸。要使學生明白對稱是一種美，同時不對稱也是一種美，要具體事物具體分析。讓學認真觀察這兩幅圖，可以提出哪個更美的問題，在討論中不一定形成統(tǒng)一結(jié)論。同時也使學生在觀察、思考中逐步形成辯證思維的方法。2應(yīng)注意的問題（1）實驗要讓每個同學都參與，使他們獲得感性認識，這樣才會取得好的教學效果。（2）盡可能采用課件和讓學生的體驗的方法進行教學活動。（3

57、）要注意進行安全教育。（4）本課建議用1課時。五、背景資料1 什么是對稱？指圖形或物體對某個點、直線或平面而言，在大小、形狀和排列上具有一一對應(yīng)關(guān)系。如人體、船、飛機的左右兩邊，在外觀上都是對稱的。2對稱的幾種形式（1）鏡象對稱性或左右對稱性（2）轉(zhuǎn)動對稱性（3）平移對稱性3對稱形式的意義不同對稱形式給人以不同的感覺：如莊嚴肅穆、堅固耐久、和諧優(yōu)美。對稱在很多方面來看不僅是感覺方面的，鬧鐘的對稱保證了走時的均勻性，飛機的對稱使飛機能在空中保持平衡穩(wěn)定。對稱還是自然界的一種生物現(xiàn)象。不少植物、動物都有自己的對稱形式。比如人體都是以鼻尖、肚臍眼的連線為對稱軸的對稱形體，眼、耳、鼻、手、腳。眼睛的對

58、稱使人觀eadersdrivi nga vehi cle a cci dent cause d by roa d accidents,1, 1 pe ople k illeda nd directe conomic l ossesamounting t omore tha n 100,000yuan. Third, highefficie ncya nd low costofthe bus.S urveysshowt hat,the operating cost softaxisforthe8200/. Isafundamentalpri orityofthe reform,itis adifficult pr oblemthatmustbesolved in thereform pr ocess.Clearly,t he postcons umpti on averag