高一英語上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、高一英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(上冊(cè)重點(diǎn)詞組:1. fond of “喜愛,愛好” 接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式。例如:Hes fond of swimming. 他喜歡游泳。Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜歡新鮮蔬菜嗎 ?He is fond of his research work. 他喜愛他的研究工作。2. hunt for = look for尋找I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的書。hunt for a job 找工作3. in order to, so as to 這兩個(gè)詞組都可引

2、導(dǎo)不定式作目的狀語 , in order to 可放于句首 , so as to 則不能 , 其否定形式為 in order not to / so as not to. 如 :He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.為了讓我們注意他 , 他 朝我們又是叫喊又是揮手。4. care about1 喜歡,對(duì)有興趣 = care forShe doesnt care about money.她不喜歡錢。2

3、關(guān)心 = care forShe thinks only of herself. She doesnt care about other people.她只考慮自己。她不關(guān)心別人。3在乎,在意(接從句或不接任何成分These young people care nothing about what old people might say.這些年輕人根本不在乎老人說的話。5. such as 意為“諸如”,“像” ,是用來列舉人或事物的。She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三門科目 , 像物理、化學(xué)。6. dr

4、op * a line 留下便條 , 寫封短信7、 make yourself at home 別客氣;隨便;無拘束(1 If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家,自己喝點(diǎn)飲料,隨便一點(diǎn)。8、 stay up 不睡;熬夜(1 I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我將回家很晚,不要等我了。(2 He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning

5、.他熬夜看書直到凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)。9、 come about 引起;發(fā)生;產(chǎn)生(1 How did the accident come about?這場(chǎng)事故是怎么發(fā)生的?(2 They didn't know how the change had come about.他們不知道這個(gè)變化是怎樣產(chǎn)生的。10、 except for 除之外(1 except 與 except for 的用法常有區(qū)別。 except 多用于引起同類事物中 被排除的一項(xiàng)。如:He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一個(gè),他回答了所有問題。We go

6、there every day except Sunday.除了星期天,我們天天去那里。(2 except for 用于引述細(xì)節(jié)以修正句子的主要意思。如:Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一個(gè)老太太,這輛公共汽車全空了。Your picture is good except for the colours.你的畫兒很好,只是某些色彩有問題。(3但在現(xiàn)代英語中, except for也用于表示 except 的意思。如上述第一個(gè) 例子可以是:He answered all the questions except for the last

7、one.(4 另外,在介詞短語之前只能用 except ,不能用 except for。如: We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季,我們通常十點(diǎn)之前上床睡覺。11、 end up with 以告終;以結(jié)束(1 The party ended up with an English song.聚會(huì)以一首英文歌結(jié)束。12、 more or less 幾乎;差不多;大約;大概;大體上(1 I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.我差不多成功了,而他們沒有。(2 Our l

8、iving condition has more or less improved.我們的生活水平或多或少提高了。13、 bring in 引進(jìn);引來;吸收(1 We should bring in new technology.我們應(yīng)該引進(jìn)新技術(shù)。(2 He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一個(gè)月掙八百美元。14、 get away(from 逃離(1 The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷帶著我們所有的錢從商店逃跑了。(2 I caught a really big fish but i

9、t got away.我釣到了一條好大的魚,可是它逃掉了。15、 watch out (for 注意;留心(1 Watch out! There is a car coming.小心!汽車來了。(2 Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那個(gè)坑。16、 see sb. off 給某人送行Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火車站給朋友送行。17、 on the other hand 另一方面(用以引出相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)、意見等,常說 on the one hand on

10、the other hand一方面另一方面I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.我知道這份工作報(bào)酬不高,但從另一方面來說,我也不必工作太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。18、 as well as * (sth而且He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她不但是攝影師還是個(gè)天才的音樂家。19、 take place 發(fā)生 take ones place 入座、站好位置、取得地位

11、take sbs place 或 take the place of * / sth代替、取代The Olympic Games take place / are held every four years.20、 on fire 相當(dāng)于 burning, 意為“燃燒; 著火; 起火”, 有靜態(tài)的含意。 Catch fire 有動(dòng)態(tài)的含意。Set on fire / set fire to 用來表示“使著火”、“放火燒”。 例如:Look, the theatre is on fire! Lets go and help.瞧,劇院著火了,咱們 去幫忙救火吧。21、 on holiday 在度假

12、,在休假中When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的時(shí)候去看望了叔叔。 holiday(holidays一般指“休假”Tom and I are going to have a holiday. 我和湯姆準(zhǔn)備去度假。I've already had my holidays this year. 我今年已經(jīng)度過假了。22、 travel agencyA business that attends to the details of transportation, itinerary, and accommodationsfor tra

13、velers. 旅行社一種為旅行者提供細(xì)致的運(yùn)輸、旅行和住宿方面服務(wù)的 行業(yè)Also called: travel bureau23、 take off 1脫下 (衣服等 , 解 (除 掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脫 下了濕鞋子。2(飛機(jī)起飛The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飛機(jī)準(zhǔn)時(shí)起飛。起 飛非常順利。3匆匆離開The six men got into the car and took off for the park.這六個(gè)人上了車, 匆匆離開去公園。24. go wrong v. 走錯(cuò)路

14、 , 誤入岐途 , (機(jī)器等 發(fā)生故障25. in all adv. 總共26. stay away v.外出27. look up 查詢(如賓語為代詞,則代詞放中間Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查單詞。相關(guān)詞組:look for 尋找; look after 照顧,照料; look forward to 期待; look into調(diào)查;look on旁觀; look out注意; look out for注意,留心,提防; look over翻閱,查看,檢查; look around環(huán)視; look through翻閱,查看。28、 run a

15、fter追逐,追求If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同時(shí)追兩只兔子,你 一只也抓不到。29、 on the air廣播We will be on the air in five minutes.我們五分鐘以后開始廣播。This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.這個(gè)節(jié)目每 天在同一時(shí)間播出。30、 think highly/well/much of對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)很高 , 贊賞 , 對(duì)印象好He was highly thought of by the manag

16、er.經(jīng)理對(duì)他非常贊賞。I think well of your suggestion.我覺得你的建議很好。think badly/nothing/little/lowly of認(rèn)為不好 , 好不在意 , 不贊成 , 覺得不怎么樣I dont think much of him as a teacher.我覺得他作為一個(gè)老師不怎么樣。31. leave out 1 漏掉 You made a mistake Youve left out a letter “t”. 你出錯(cuò)了你漏掉了一個(gè)字母 t.2 刪掉 , 沒用 I havent changed or left out a thing.我沒有

17、作出變動(dòng)也 沒有刪掉任何東西。32. stare at (由于好奇、激動(dòng)等張著嘴巴,睜大眼睛地凝視,盯著看Dont stare at foreigners. Its impolite.不要盯著外國(guó)人看,這樣不禮 貌。比較:glare at (to stare angrily at怒視著這兩個(gè)小男孩互相怒視著,隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備開戰(zhàn)。33. make jokes about 就說笑They make jokes about my old hat.他們就我的舊帽子說笑我。have a joke with about 跟某人開關(guān)于某事的玩笑。He stopped to have a joke with me.

18、他停下來跟我開玩笑。play a joke on開某人的玩笑We played jokes on each other. 我們互相開玩笑。v. joke about取笑 They joked about my broken English.他們?nèi)⌒ξ阴磕_的 英 .45. take over 接管;接替;繼承what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的東西應(yīng)當(dāng) 繼承。Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job. 我們的主席走了, 因此杰克將接管(他的工作。46.

19、break down1 破壞;拆散Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人體中的化學(xué)元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻 據(jù)說和談破裂了。2 (機(jī)器損壞 Our truck broke down outside town. 我們的卡車在城外拋錨 了。The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽車在到達(dá)目的地的中途拋 錨了。3 失敗;破裂 Their oppositi

20、on broke down.他們的反對(duì)意見打消了。4 精神崩潰;失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失聲痛哭。5 起化學(xué)變化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起食物轉(zhuǎn)化。 47、 get on ones feet1站起來 ; 站起來發(fā)言2 (=stand on one's feet自立 , 經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立3 (人 病好了 , 可以起床了 ; (使 恢復(fù) , 復(fù)蘇 (指企業(yè) 48、 go through1 經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受;遭到These countries have gone / been through too many

21、 wars.這些國(guó)家飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn) 火。2 完成;做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大學(xué)。3通過;批準(zhǔn) The law has gone through Parliament. 議會(huì)已經(jīng)通過了這項(xiàng) 法案。Their plans went through. 他們的計(jì)劃得到了批準(zhǔn)。4全面檢查;搜查They went through our luggage at the customs.在海關(guān)他們檢查了我們的行 李。45. take over 接管;接替;繼承what is good and still useful should be take

22、n over.好的有用的東西應(yīng)當(dāng) 繼承。Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job. 我們的主席走了, 因此杰克將接管(他的工作。46. break down1 破壞;拆散Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人體中的化學(xué)元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻 據(jù)說和談破裂了。2 (機(jī)器損壞 Our truck broke down outside t

23、own. 我們的卡車在城外拋錨 了。The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽車在到達(dá)目的地的中途拋 錨了。3 失敗;破裂 Their opposition broke down.他們的反對(duì)意見打消了。4 精神崩潰;失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失聲痛哭。5 起化學(xué)變化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起食物轉(zhuǎn)化。 47、 get on ones feet1站起來 ; 站起來發(fā)言2 (=stand on one's feet自立 , 經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立3 (人 病

24、好了 , 可以起床了 ; (使 恢復(fù) , 復(fù)蘇 (指企業(yè) 48、 go through1 經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受;遭到These countries have gone / been through too many wars.這些國(guó)家飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn) 火。2 完成;做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大學(xué)。3通過;批準(zhǔn) The law has gone through Parliament. 議會(huì)已經(jīng)通過了這項(xiàng) 法案。Their plans went through. 他們的計(jì)劃得到了批準(zhǔn)。4全面檢查;搜查They went through our lu

25、ggage at the customs.在海關(guān)他們檢查了我們的行 李。重點(diǎn)句型 :1. “So + be/have /助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的語序是 倒裝的,“So”代替上句中的某個(gè)成分。如果上面一句是否定句,則使用 “Neither/Nor+be/have/助動(dòng)詞 /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語”的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如 Hes tired, and so am I. (=I m also tired. You can swim, and so can I. (=I can also swim. She has had supper, and so can I. (=Ive had lunch,

26、 too . Tom speaks English , and so does his sister . (=His sister speaks English , too . A: I went to the park yesterday.B: So did I. (=I also went to the park yesterday. 2. “So +主語 +be/have /助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂是正常語序, so 相當(dāng)于 indeed,certainly, 表示說話人對(duì)前面或?qū)Ψ剿f情況的肯定、 贊同或證 實(shí),語氣較強(qiáng),意思是“確實(shí)如此”。例如 A:It was cold ye

27、sterday.昨天很冷。B :So it was.的確如此。 (=Yes , it was. A :You seem to like sports.B :So I do. (=Yes , I do. A :It will be fine tomorrow.B :So it will. (=Yes , it will. 3. “主語 +do/does/did + so”結(jié)構(gòu)指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中 do so代替上文中要求做的事,以免重復(fù)。My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.

28、(=I handed inmy composition on time. 語文老師叫我按時(shí)交作文 , 我照辦了。4. So it is with或 It is the same with句型表示 “(的情況 也是 如此?！碑?dāng)前面的句子中有幾種不同形式的謂語時(shí),要表示相同情況,必須使 用本句型,不能使用 so 引起的倒裝句。She doesnt play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.5、 There you are. 行了,好。這是一句表示一種事情告一段落或有了最終結(jié)果的用語。如:There you are!

29、 Then let's have some coffee.除此之外,還可以表示“瞧,對(duì)吧(果然如此”的語氣。例如:There you are! I knew we should find it at last.對(duì)吧!我就知道我們最終能找到的。6、 have some difficulty (in doing sth.干某事有困難;接名詞時(shí),常用句型:have some difficulty with sth. Do you have any difficulty (in understanding English?你理解英語口語有困難嗎?She said she had some di

30、fficulty with pronunciation.她說她在發(fā)音方面有困難。7、 have a good knowledge of sth.“掌握”,“對(duì)有某種程度的了解”He has a good knowledge of London.他對(duì)倫敦有所了解。A good knowledge of languages is always useful.8、 Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.一棵又一棵的樹被水沖倒、沖斷。那水肯定有三米深?！?must

31、have + 過去分詞”表示對(duì)已發(fā)生事情的猜測(cè)。在英語中, must , may , can 三個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可用來表示對(duì)事情的猜測(cè)。 Must 意為“肯定”,語氣很有把 握; may 意為“可能”、 “也許”, 語氣把握性不大。 兩者常用在肯定句中。 Can 意為“肯定”、“也許”,常用在否定句或疑問句中。 Must , may , can 三者用 于表示猜測(cè)時(shí),其后面可跟三種不同的動(dòng)詞形式:1跟動(dòng)詞原形表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事 情的猜測(cè);2 跟 be doing表示對(duì)正在發(fā)生事情的猜測(cè); 3跟 have done表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生 的事情的猜測(cè)。例如:Helen is Lucys good friend. S

32、he must know Lucys e-mail. 海倫是露茜 的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的電子郵件。We can hear loud voices in the meeting room. They must be quarrelling.我們可以聽到會(huì)議室很吵。他們肯定在吵架。I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago. He cant have gone to Australia.我剛才還在大門口見過杰夫。他不可能去了澳大利亞。9、 Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey e

33、at from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生?？粗镒訌乃稚铣曰ㄉ?很有趣。fun “好玩,趣事”,不可數(shù)名詞,前面不加不定冠詞 a 。Youre sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定會(huì)玩 得很開心。make fun of“取笑”,“嘲弄”。 People make fun of him only because he is wearing such astrange jacket.人們嘲笑他只是因?yàn)樗┝艘患敲雌婀值囊路?。funny adj. “可笑的, 滑稽的”。 He looks very funny in hi

34、s fathers jacket. 他穿著他父親的衣服,看上去很滑稽。10、Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea 許多看過這部電影的人都不敢在海里游。afraid 用法說明:1害怕人 / 物,如:be afraid of * / sth2不敢做某事,如:be afraid to do sth / of doing sthHe is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night.3 擔(dān)心會(huì)發(fā)生某事 , 如 : be afraid of doing sth或 be af

35、raid + that clauseHe seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river.He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into theriver.4 給人不愉快的信息或不贊同某人意見時(shí) , 用 Im afraid , 如 :Im afraid Ive got bad news for you.Im afraid I cant agree with you.11、 I

36、t is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盤子里 所有東西吃完是有禮貌的。這是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的句型,其中 to finish eating everything 是主 語, it 是形式主語。12、 I wish you all the best.我祝你萬事如意 .用 wish 來表示祝愿的結(jié)構(gòu)是 wish * sth, 此外我們還可以用 may 來表示祝 愿 : May * do sth如 :May you succeed.13、 Where there is a river, there is a city. 有河

37、流的地方就有城市。Where 在這里引導(dǎo)的是地點(diǎn)狀語從句,相當(dāng)于介詞 in/ at/ to + the place + where 從句 9定語從句,意思是“在地方”。 例如:Where there is smoke, there is fire.無風(fēng)不起浪;事出有因。He lives where the climate is mild.他住在氣候溫暖的地方。14、 Strong, proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia .圣彼得堡人民堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不屈、充滿自豪、團(tuán)結(jié)一致,他們是俄羅斯

38、當(dāng)代的英雄。 Strong, proud, and united 為前置定語, 在這里相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句:The people of St Petersburg , who are strong, proud, and united, are the modern heroesof Russia . 當(dāng)主語比較短時(shí),這類短語常常放在句首。15. Congratulations!是一句祝賀用語,在使用時(shí)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。其他幾個(gè)通 常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)表達(dá)特定含義的名詞有:manners (禮貌:He is a little boy with good manners.這個(gè)小男孩很有禮 貌。re

39、gards (問候 :Please send my regards to your parents.請(qǐng)代我問候你父 母。16. Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.沒四年,世界各地的運(yùn)動(dòng)員們都要參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)?！癳very + 基數(shù)詞 + 時(shí)間 / 距離單位”詞表示“每多少時(shí)間 / 距離”。 如:every five days (每五天 , every three hours (每三小時(shí) , every ten metres (每十公尺類似表達(dá)形式還有:every fift

40、h day, every third hour“每隔一天”的表達(dá)形式有:every second day, every two days, every other day.17、 Modern cellphones are more than just phones they are used as cameras and radios, andto send e-mail or surf the Internet.現(xiàn)代的手機(jī)不僅僅是電話機(jī)它們也當(dāng) 坐照相機(jī)和收音機(jī)使用,還可以發(fā)送電子郵件和上網(wǎng)。use A as B 把 A 用作 B 。 例如:In ancient times, people

41、 used stones as tools for farming.在古代,人們 把石頭用作耕作的工具。use sth to do sth用某物來做某事。 例如:In ancient times, people used stones to kill animals for food.在古代,人們用石頭來捕殺動(dòng)物獲取食物。18、 The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.答案似乎是:

42、無 論我們?cè)诤翁幓蛘谧鍪裁?我們都需要和朋友以及家人一直保持聯(lián)系。1 seem 似乎,好像,其用法及搭配有:seem + adj., 如:This problem seems complicated, but actually it is simple.這個(gè)問題看似復(fù)雜,其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單。seem to doI seem to have seen him somewhere before.我好像以前在哪兒見過他。 It seems that,It seems that everything is going on well.好像一切正常。It seems as if ,It seems as if

43、 its going to rain.看來快要下雨了。2 no matter無論,不管,后面常跟疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句,其意相當(dāng)于疑問詞后 加 ever 。 如 no matter what=whatever; no matter where=wherever; no matter how=however; no matter when=whenever例如:No matter when (Whenever I meet him, he is always wearing that old hat. 不管我什么時(shí)候遇見他,他總是戴著那頂舊禮帽。No matter how (However expensive the cellphone is, Ill buy it because I need one badly.無論這手機(jī)有多貴,我都要買。因?yàn)槲壹毙栌袀€(gè)手機(jī)。重點(diǎn)語法:直接引語和間接引語1. 直接引語在改為間接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。eg: “I broke your CD player.” (一般過去時(shí)改成過去完成時(shí) He told me he had broken my