語法-過去分詞作狀語和定語

1、 Grammar The Past ParticipleIt was snowing and very cold outside. A little girl was walking in the street, selling matches. She didnt wear any shoes because she had her shoes lost. She looked very worried because there were lots of matches left. She wished all her matches sold but nobody bought a si

2、ngle one. She was so cold that she sat in a corner with her legs huddled（蜷縮）（蜷縮）up. She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree decorated very beautifully. The lighted candles were burning brightly and she seemed very delighted. She lit another one and saw her grandmother. Requested to take her away, h

3、er grandmother went away with her .The next day, people saw the girl frozen to death. What a poor girl !1.The stolen bike belongs to Jack.2.The glass is broken.3.Mary heard her name called by a stranger.4.Influenced by the events of the late 19th century and his education, young Coubertin developed

4、a firm belief that sports possessed the power to benefit human beings and courage peace among the nations of the world._1.作作定語定語2.作表語作表語3.作賓補作賓補4.作狀語作狀語過去分詞過去分詞1.When our future school is seen from the space, our future school looks like a plate. Seen from the space, our future school looks like a p

5、late.our future schoolCombine the two sentencesWhen it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill，the park可在過去分詞前加上連詞可在過去分詞前加上連詞when, while, until等來強調(diào)時間概念等來強調(diào)時間概念。Dont speak until you are spoken to.Dont speak until spoken to.1. 時間狀語（時間狀語（time）2. Because She is surprised

6、at the schoolbag, she turns her head back to find out what happens.Surprised at the schoolbag ,she turns her head back to find out what happens. Our future schoolbag2. 原因狀語（原因狀語（cause）Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.Greatly tou

7、ched by the teachers wordsBecause he was surprised at what happened, Tom didnt know what to do.Surprised at what happened3.If I am given a time machine , I will pay a visit to the future.Given a time machine, I will pay a visit to the future. a time machine3. 條件狀語（條件狀語（condition）If we were given mor

8、e time, we could do it much better.Given more timeIf it is heated to a high temperature, water will change into vapor.Heated to a high temperature4. 讓步狀語（讓步狀語（concession）Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.Though warned of the stormEven if Im invite

9、d, I wont take part in the party.Even if invited 5. 方式、伴隨狀語方式、伴隨狀語 Accompanying action/mannerThe teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.The teacher entered the classroom ,followed by a group of students.The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.The

10、 teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.2.過去分詞作狀語表示過去分詞作狀語表示_/或或_的動作的動作,相當(dāng)相當(dāng)一個狀語從句。一個狀語從句。3.過去分詞作狀語時其過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語邏輯主語與與主句的主語主句的主語要保要保持持一致一致。過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語 被動被動完成完成summary1.過去分詞在句子中可以作時間狀語、原因狀過去分詞在句子中可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、伴隨狀語、條件狀語和讓步狀語等。語、伴隨狀語、條件狀語和讓步狀語等。_from the hill, thecitylookslikeabiggarden.

11、如果句子的主語和分詞是主動關(guān)系如果句子的主語和分詞是主動關(guān)系, , 用用_，句子的主語和分詞是被動關(guān)系，句子的主語和分詞是被動關(guān)系，用用_?，F(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞重難點辨析（一）：主語一致重難點辨析（一）：主語一致_ from the hill, you will find thecitylookslikeabiggarden. SeenSeeing1. 從上面看從上面看,體育場好像一個鳥巢。體育場好像一個鳥巢。 _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen2. 從太空看從太空看, 宇航員看

12、不到長城。宇航員看不到長城。 _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. Surprised at what had happened, Tom didnt know what to do. 1，有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語，有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不表被動而表主語的狀態(tài)。時不表被動而表主語的狀態(tài)。lost (迷路迷路); seated

13、(坐坐); hidden (躲躲); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于沉溺于); born (出身于出身于); dressed in (穿著穿著); 2，由某些動詞后面加，由某些動詞后面加-ed轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞也具轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞也具有此用法。有此用法。如：如：frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。等。重難點辨析（二）：不表被動的特殊情況重難點辨析（二）：不表被動的特殊情況 分分詞詞作作狀語狀語答答題記憶題記憶口口訣訣分詞作狀語，主語是問題。分詞作狀語，主語是問題。逗號前后兩動作，共用一主語。逗號前后兩動作，共用一主語。主語找出后，再

14、來判關(guān)系。主語找出后，再來判關(guān)系。主動主動-ing,-ing,被動用被動用-ed-ed。Having been done Having been done 表先后，表先后，千萬要牢記。千萬要牢記。使用過去分詞作狀語時容易錯的兩種情況使用過去分詞作狀語時容易錯的兩種情況1. 忽視了分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語必須是句中主語忽視了分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語必須是句中主語(或主動或或主動或被動被動)。如: If heated, _. people can turn water into gas B. one can change ice into waterC. ice turns into water D.

15、 people get water from ice 若分詞主語與句中主語不一致若分詞主語與句中主語不一致,則可以用其他方法來修正則可以用其他方法來修正: 給分詞添加自己的主語,構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或改變語態(tài)。改為相應(yīng)的狀語從句來表達。用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)等。如如:完成作業(yè)后完成作業(yè)后,孩子們出去踢足球了。孩子們出去踢足球了。 Finished their homework, the children went out to play football. Their homework finished, the children went out to play football. (獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))

16、 Having finished their homework, the children went out to play football. (現(xiàn)在分詞完成形式) With their homework finshed, the children went out to play football. (with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)) After finishing their homework, the children went out to play football. (介詞+動名詞)( X )有些含有分詞的固定插入語有些含有分詞的固定插入語, 其邏輯主語其邏輯主語不要求與主語一致。如不要求與

17、主語一致。如: judging from(從.來判斷); generally(frankly/exactly/./ )speaking 一般地(坦率地/確切地)說; considering(考慮到); talking of(說到).; supposing that(假使).; seeing that(鑒于).等。 如: Considering his health, he was made to stay at home。2. 不能正確區(qū)分不能正確區(qū)分doing(現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞)和和 done(過去分詞過去分詞)的用法的用法 (1)_ the progamme, they have to s

18、tay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed (2)_ many times, he still came to school late. A. Having told B. Having been told C. Told D. Being told (3) _ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Havi

19、ng lost C. Lost D. Being lostConsolidate: _ (如此高興如此高興), we decided to stay two more days. Function: _2) _ (十六世紀十六世紀燒毀后燒毀后), the castle was never rebuilt.Function: _Much delightedBurnt in the 16th centuryCauseTime3) _ (被他的話所感動被他的話所感動), I accepted his present.Function: _4) _ (從山上看從山上看), the lake looks

20、 beautiful.Function: _5) _ (如果吃地及時如果吃地及時) the medicine will be quite effective.Function: _Moved by his wordsSeen from the hillTaken in timecauseCondition/timeCondition過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語 過去分詞作定語與其所修飾的詞之間過去分詞作定語與其所修飾的詞之間存在著邏輯上的被動關(guān)系存在著邏輯上的被動關(guān)系,且表示該動作且表示該動作已經(jīng)完成。單個的過去分詞作定語已經(jīng)完成。單個的過去分詞作定語, 通通常置于被修飾的詞的前面常置于被修飾

21、的詞的前面, 而分詞短語而分詞短語作定語作定語, 則須置于被修飾詞的后面。則須置于被修飾詞的后面。Attention1. Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest. 上星期我們組織了一次去森林的旅行。上星期我們組織了一次去森林的旅行。2. A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 今天發(fā)出的信后天就能收到。今天發(fā)出的信后天就能收到。現(xiàn)在或過去分詞作定語可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句:He worked as a worker building roads. (

22、主動) =He worked as a worker who/ that built roads. This is a picture painted by my father. (被動) =This is a picture which was painted by my father.I know the young man sleeping on the bench. (在進行) =I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

23、(已完成) =The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.過去分詞短語有時亦可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號。 Some of them, born and brought up in country villages, had never seen a train. 他們當(dāng)中有一些人, 生長在農(nóng)村，從未見過火車。 過去分詞作定語有前置和后置兩種情況: 單個的過去分詞作定語, 通常放在被修飾的名詞之前, 表示被動和完成意義。1.前置定語前置定語被動意義：被動意義：an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人

24、 (受傷的工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.B. 完成意義完成意義a retired teacher 一位退休的教師They are cleaning (落葉) in the yard.The injured workersthe fallen leaves2.后置定語后置定語 過去分詞短語作定語時, 通常放在被修飾的名詞之后, 它的作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=Who were the so-called guests i

25、nvited (= ) to your part last night?that has ever been writtenwho had been invited 如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等時，即使一個單一的分詞作形容詞用，也要放在被修飾詞的后面。 例如： Is there anything unsolved? There is noting changed here since I left this town. 注意注意: : _ in thought, he almost ran into

26、 the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose2. If _ the same treatment again, hes sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given3. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Founded B. It was founded C. Being founded D. Fo

27、undingPractice makes perfect4. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared5. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given6. _ in a white uniform, he looks more

28、 like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed7. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited8. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having gi

29、ven.9. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened10. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written11

30、. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 12. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 13. The research is so designed that

31、once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun14. The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy.A.following, following B.followed,followedC. following, followed Dfollowed,following15. _, but he still could not understand it.A. Told many timesB. Having been told many timesC. He has been told many timesD. Though he had been told many times2011天津卷天津卷_ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.lA. Translating B. Translated lC. To translate D. Having translated2011上海春招上海春招