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1、英語(yǔ)閱讀理解一 閱讀理解題的特點(diǎn)1 文章體裁豐富,一定要有記敘文,說(shuō)明文和應(yīng)用文,題材多樣,會(huì)涉及到奇文軼事、家庭趣事、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、自然現(xiàn)象、科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)、健康與疾病,游記廣告等等;2 總閱讀量在2000字左右,文字難度保持穩(wěn)定,但要求同學(xué)具有分析長(zhǎng)難句子的能力;3 文章都是沒(méi)有改編的原汁原味的原文,體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn),加大了內(nèi)容的復(fù)雜程度,反映了現(xiàn)代科學(xué)及現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的新發(fā)展新變化,要求考生具備一定的科學(xué)文化知識(shí)和英美國(guó)家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣以 及文化背景知識(shí)。二 考試說(shuō)明中規(guī)定閱讀理解主要考查的能力1 理解文章主題含義的能力2 理解文章具體信息的能力3 根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義的能力4 對(duì)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理判斷的

2、能力5理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度的能力6 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)三 常用解題方法(三遍閱讀法)第一遍:瀏覽全文,把握文章大意第二遍:掃讀語(yǔ)塊,搜索有效信息第三遍:查讀題項(xiàng),定位正確答案四 閱讀理解題目設(shè)置類(lèi)型1 淺層理解 細(xì)節(jié)題 2 深層理解 中心思想 細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)述題 最佳標(biāo)題 數(shù)字題 作者意圖 圖表題 推斷題 排序題 劃線(xiàn)句子和段落在文章中的作用五 閱讀理解的主要題型1 主旨大意(一)這種題型常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式:(1) The best title/headline for this passage is _.(2) The passage (or the first paragraph) is mainly

3、 about _.(3) What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?(4) Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?(5) The passage chiefly discusses/deals with _.(6) Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?(7) What topic is treated in the passa

4、ge?(8) The passage makes clear that _.(9) Which of the following best sum up the passage?(二)怎樣挖掘文章主旨1、依照中心詞確定主題。2、抓住主題句來(lái)確定主題(1)識(shí)別主題句與細(xì)節(jié)Mr.Smith raises some farm animals.Mr.Smith has 30 cows, about 300 hens and he keeps some pigs as well.(2)主題句的定位(分析文章結(jié)構(gòu))開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,點(diǎn)出主題(主題句出現(xiàn)在開(kāi)頭)詳細(xì)論證,總結(jié)陳詞(主題句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾)引題過(guò)渡,引出主

5、題(主題句出現(xiàn)在中間)(三)怎樣捕捉標(biāo)題 文章的標(biāo)題是段落中心思想的簡(jiǎn)練的表達(dá)形式。它的特點(diǎn)是:短小精練,多為短語(yǔ);涵蓋性強(qiáng),一般要求能覆蓋全文,其確定的范圍要恰當(dāng),既不能太大,也不能太??;精確性強(qiáng),不能隨便改變語(yǔ)言表意的程度和色彩。那么如何迅速地捕捉標(biāo)題呢?首先要在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上,仔細(xì)考慮這句話(huà)或者短語(yǔ)與文章主題是否有著密切的關(guān)系;其次要看它對(duì)文章的概括性或者覆蓋面如何;然后還要看標(biāo)題是否過(guò)大或者過(guò)小。(四)技巧及注意事項(xiàng)(1)無(wú)論它出現(xiàn)在題目當(dāng)中哪個(gè)位置,都建議作為最后一道題去做,因?yàn)樽鐾昶渌}目以后會(huì)對(duì)主旨的理解有幫助。(2)主旨在文章中間時(shí),遇到文章前后段意思轉(zhuǎn)折,要提高警惕。(3)

6、首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí),對(duì)該問(wèn)題的解答就是文章主旨。(4)正確選項(xiàng)不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息,不含過(guò)分肯定和絕對(duì)意義的詞,覆蓋面不能過(guò)大也不能過(guò)小。2 細(xì)節(jié)理解(一)這種題型常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式:(1) Which of the following is NOT included/ mentioned in the passage?(2) Which of the following (sentences /statements) is NOT true?(3) According to the passage, all of the following are true except/but _.(4) Choos

7、e the right order of the events given in the passage.(5) Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of?(6) Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what is like?(二) 常見(jiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)理解題型及解題方法:1)排序題。方法:“首尾定位法”(找出第一個(gè)動(dòng)作和最后的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,縮小選擇范圍)2)圖形辨認(rèn)題方法:“按文索圖法”(找出描繪圖形的句段,進(jìn)行文圖對(duì)照)3)數(shù)字換算題方法:“列表推算法”

8、(找出與題干相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)列表或推算)4)表格理解題方法:“文表分析法”(把題干、選項(xiàng)與表格對(duì)照分析)5)應(yīng)用廣告類(lèi)事實(shí)信息題方法:“題干定位法”(直接閱讀題干,在文中找答案,不必閱讀全文)(三)技巧及注意事項(xiàng)(1)命題者往往通過(guò)改變或去掉特定的修飾語(yǔ)(all, every, always, never, completely, altogether等),使信息范圍,程度,色彩發(fā)生細(xì)微變化,從而導(dǎo)致考生誤選。(擴(kuò)縮范圍干擾法)(2)注意順藤摸瓜,在文章中找到句子,通常不可能與閱讀材料完全一樣,而是換用不同的表達(dá)方式。(詞義轉(zhuǎn)換+語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換)3推理判斷(一)這種題型常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式:(1) We can

9、 know from the passage that _.(2) We can infer from the (first/last) passage that _.(3) The passage implies that _.(4) The passage suggests that _.(5) It can be concluded from the passage that _.(6) The underlined sentence indicates that _.(7) From the passage we can draw the conclusion that _.(二)怎樣

10、做出推理判斷此題型是閱讀理解中較難的題型,屬于深層次理解題。在試卷中數(shù)量不斷增多,有時(shí)會(huì)達(dá)到閱讀理解試題的一半左右。它要求考生根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,充分挖掘文章的深層次內(nèi)涵。做這類(lèi)題時(shí)要注意:在解答推理性問(wèn)題時(shí),應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問(wèn)題是針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷,還是針對(duì)主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。      針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用scanning方法,迅速在閱讀材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍,然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。      針對(duì)主題思想作推斷時(shí),其解題的主要依據(jù)是文章的主題思想,然后再分析句子之間的邏

11、輯關(guān)系,區(qū)分觀(guān)點(diǎn)與例證(opinion and fact)、原因與結(jié)果(cause and effect)、主觀(guān)點(diǎn)與次觀(guān)點(diǎn)(main idea and supporting idea)。(三)技巧及注意事項(xiàng)(1)正確選項(xiàng)并非對(duì)原文的簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)述,而是作者在文章中沒(méi)有提到的,沒(méi)有明說(shuō)的,或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí),勿把直接表達(dá)當(dāng)作間接推理。(2)注意文章中含義深刻或結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子,考生對(duì)作者表達(dá)的意思能不能一下子看懂,也是命題點(diǎn)所在。4作者意圖(態(tài)度)(一)這種題型常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式:(1) The author seems to be in favor of / against _.(2) The autho

12、rs purpose of writing this passage is _.(3) The author may probably agree with/ support _.(4) Whats the authors attitude /viewpoint towards _?(5) How does the author feel about _?(6) The author implies that _.(7) The author gives the impression that _.(8) In the authors opinion, _.(9) The tone of th

13、e author may be _. (二) 怎樣揣摩作者的意圖或態(tài)度要吃透文章,就要搜索文章的關(guān)鍵字眼和關(guān)鍵句子,要熟悉各種文體,尤其要把握作者的語(yǔ)氣,是嚴(yán)肅或輕松,幽默或諷刺,平和或激動(dòng),樂(lè)觀(guān)或悲觀(guān)等等。此外,還要注意文章中一些細(xì)節(jié)性的用詞,如however, even though, but 等連接詞往往和作者的態(tài)度有關(guān)。一種方法是靠詞匯的色彩來(lái)判斷。表示褒義的有:樂(lè)觀(guān)的optimistic;贊美的praising;自信的confident;贊成的favorable;積極的positive;認(rèn)真的serious;負(fù)責(zé)的 responsible, dutiful,令人信服的 convinc

14、ing。表示貶義的有:諷刺的ironic;厭惡的disgusted;否定的/反對(duì)的negative;懷疑的suspicious;沮喪的depressed;痛苦的bitter;悲觀(guān)的pessimistic;不負(fù)責(zé)的irresponsible;無(wú)法預(yù)料的unforeseeable。表示中性的:中立的neutral;冷淡的 indifferent;主觀(guān)的subjective;客觀(guān)的objective;不動(dòng)感情的impassive 另一種方法是靠文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)來(lái)判斷,如果一篇文章的結(jié)尾部分是并列的疑問(wèn),則作者是一種客觀(guān)的態(tài)度,如果結(jié)尾部分是有問(wèn)有答的形式,則作者的態(tài)度是主觀(guān)的態(tài)度。如果一篇文章的結(jié)尾部

15、分使用數(shù)據(jù)表明了一個(gè)趨勢(shì)向不好的方面發(fā)展,則作者是悲觀(guān)的態(tài)度。反之,作者是樂(lè)觀(guān)的態(tài)度。(三)技巧及注意事項(xiàng)(1)不要把自己的態(tài)度揉入其中,也要區(qū)分作者的態(tài)度和作者引用別人的態(tài)度(2)當(dāng)作者的態(tài)度沒(méi)有明確提出時(shí),要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者使用詞語(yǔ)的褒貶性去判斷.5 猜測(cè)詞義(一)這種題型常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式:(1) The word “”in the passage means_.(2) The word “” could be best replaced by _.(3) Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to _.(4) The word

16、 “” probably refers to _.(5) According to the passage, the word “” is known as _.(二)技巧及注意事項(xiàng)(1)切記:無(wú)論這個(gè)詞多超綱,根據(jù)上下文都能得出其意思;無(wú)論這個(gè)詞多熟悉,都要通過(guò)上下文得出其在特定場(chǎng)合的意思。(2)正確選項(xiàng)通常不是熟詞的常規(guī)含義 (三)解題常用方法針對(duì)性的解釋    針對(duì)性解釋是作者為了更好的表達(dá)思想,在文章中對(duì)一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語(yǔ)或高深的詞匯等所做的通俗化的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息明確具體,所使用的語(yǔ)言通俗易懂,利用它們來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義就非常簡(jiǎn)單。1.根據(jù)定義(

17、definition)猜測(cè)詞義如果生詞有一個(gè)句子(定語(yǔ)從句或是同位語(yǔ)<同位語(yǔ)前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say,  i.g. 等>或是同位語(yǔ)從句)或段落來(lái)定義,或使用破折號(hào),冒號(hào),分號(hào)后的內(nèi)容和引號(hào)括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容加以解釋和定義,那么理解這個(gè)句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。定義常用的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signif

18、y 等。例1.Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims as its own.(2005年湖北卷)分析由定義可推知,這里territory指的是:“動(dòng)物的地盤(pán)”。例2. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprisin

19、g sauces . (2004年福建卷)According to the passage ,The Pines is a         .Aplace in which you can see many mobile homesBmountain where you can get a good view of the valleyCtown which happens to be near the Banff National ParkDrestaurant where you can ask for som

20、e special kinds of food分析通過(guò)whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,我們可以推測(cè)到:The Pines 是一家餐館的名字,由此不難推出理解題的答案為:D。2.根據(jù)舉例猜測(cè)詞義。恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測(cè)生詞的重要線(xiàn)索。例3. The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discovers are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.分析根據(jù)such as 后面列舉的一系列例子,我們應(yīng)該能推斷出句中

21、的epochal是指“重大的”。 內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系1.根據(jù)對(duì)比、比較關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語(yǔ)主要有:unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。句子結(jié)構(gòu):while 引導(dǎo)的并列句。表示比較關(guān)系的詞和短語(yǔ)主要有:similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。例4.A childs birthday party doesnt  have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.What does the unde

22、rlined word “hassle” probably mean? (2002年NMET)A.a party designed by specislists B.a plan requiring careful thoughtC.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests分析根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系,這里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意義,很容易判斷理解題的答案為C。例5.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loqu

23、acious.該句中副詞similarly表明短語(yǔ)loves to talk和loquacious 之間的比較關(guān)系,其意義相近。由此我們可推斷出loquacious的意思是“健談的”。2.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義例6.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”(2005年上海卷)The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “ 

24、0;    ” .Afull of respect     Btoo confident and rude  Clacking in experience  Dtoo shy and quiet分析根據(jù)since 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容(“既然你是我的上司”),我們可以推斷這里presumptuous的意思是:“冒失的,放肆的”意思,后半句的意思是:我告訴你怎么做會(huì)是一種放肆/冒失的行為。對(duì)應(yīng)的理解題答案為:B。3.根據(jù)說(shuō)明、并列、同義近義、反義等關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義例7.William Shakespeare

25、 said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(紗線(xiàn)),good and ill together.” (2005年江蘇卷)The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means     .Asimple     Bmixed   Csad  Dhappy分析句中g(shù)ood and ill together 更具體地說(shuō)明了a mingled

26、yarn的意義,據(jù)此我們不難推測(cè)mingled的意思是:“混合的,交織的”。例8.Most women in China -educated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.分析后面的urban and rural, the young and old之間都有反義關(guān)系,運(yùn)用這個(gè)關(guān)系可以推斷illiterated為“未接受過(guò)教育的,即文盲” 構(gòu)詞法&#

27、160;   在猜測(cè)詞義過(guò)程中,我們還可以依靠構(gòu)詞法方面的知識(shí),從生詞本身猜測(cè)詞義。中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的前綴和后綴有:super-(超),inter-(在之間),mini-(極),micro-(極微小的),re-(再,反復(fù)),sub-(底下),co-(共同),post-(后),pre-(前),trans-(轉(zhuǎn)換),mis-(誤),un/in/im/dis/ir/il/non-(不,非),anti-(反,防),-able(能的),-hood(狀態(tài),時(shí)期),-ish(如的,有點(diǎn)兒),-proof(防的),-some(易于),-wards(向),-less(不,無(wú))1.根據(jù)前綴猜測(cè)詞

28、義例9.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools? (2005年江西卷)根據(jù)詞根educational (教育的),結(jié)合前綴co-(共同,一起),我們便可以猜出co-educational的意思是:“男女同校教育的”意思。2.根據(jù)后綴猜測(cè)詞義例10. It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in anuncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's

29、most southerly point(2005年廣東卷)后綴 -ise/ize意思是“使成為;使化”,結(jié)合詞根commercial(商業(yè)的),不難猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是:“未被商業(yè)化的”。3.根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分猜測(cè)詞義例11.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Welldesigned tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward(別扭的)hand p

30、ositions.(2005年北京卷)Well-designed 或許是個(gè)生詞,但我們分析該詞的結(jié)構(gòu)后,就能推測(cè)出其含義。它由well (好,優(yōu)秀)和design (設(shè)計(jì))兩部分組成,合在一起便是“設(shè)計(jì)精巧的”意思。4.猜測(cè)詞性變換新詞含義例12.The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. (2004年山東卷)head本為名詞,表頭。由the bus和home的語(yǔ)境邏輯可以推斷,該句head為動(dòng)詞,表方向,結(jié)合全句可譯為“開(kāi)往、駛向”。例13.I had first known she was wrong, that

31、 her anxiety had clouded her judgment. (2004全國(guó)卷)cloud本為名詞,表云。分析語(yǔ)境邏輯可知,憂(yōu)慮會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的判斷,因此該句clouded應(yīng)譯為使難以。 生活常識(shí)    運(yùn)用自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及生活常識(shí),根據(jù)上下文能讀懂的部分,可以正確猜出詞義。下面文字中劃線(xiàn)單詞的詞義你能猜出來(lái)嗎?例14.Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws

32、 for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.句子的已知部分和我們的常識(shí)告訴我們:beaks是“喙”;claws是“爪子”。六 閱讀理解中長(zhǎng)難句的理解 (1)找準(zhǔn)主干,關(guān)鍵是主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),方法是先將句子的修飾成分(名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)去掉,露出主句的真面貌,然后再分析修飾部分和主句的關(guān)系。另外在一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)若干個(gè)從句,如果把整個(gè)的長(zhǎng)句從頭到尾理解透,勢(shì)必很難。如果把各個(gè)從句剔出來(lái)單獨(dú)理解,再把大意拼湊起來(lái),構(gòu)成整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句的意思,就可降低長(zhǎng)句的理解難度。(2)理清邏輯和思路。一些長(zhǎng)句其實(shí)就是一個(gè)由主句

33、和若干個(gè)從句組成的一個(gè)多層次的主從復(fù)合句,因而一定要搞清主句和從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。只要把邏輯關(guān)系搞清楚了,把主句的意思和從句的意思按邏輯意義進(jìn)行理解,則長(zhǎng)難句就好對(duì)付了。 平時(shí)要注意積累表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的連詞和短語(yǔ), 常見(jiàn)的有, 表目的: so that, for the purpose that, in order that 等;表結(jié)果:sothat, suchthat, that, as a result, therefore, thus等;表?xiàng)l件:if, on condition that, unless等;表原因:because, since, as等。(3)把握關(guān)鍵詞。如果對(duì)一個(gè)長(zhǎng)難

34、句子一點(diǎn)感覺(jué)也沒(méi)有,下下之策就是別把長(zhǎng)、難句當(dāng)句子看,只要能大體理解句中的關(guān)鍵詞,也可以大體猜出了這個(gè)句子的意思。  例(1)Finally,although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they dont regret their choice of study.(NMET 2004) (2) T

35、he woman at the desk gave him a bright smileas he entered and, after Peter had explained what sort of room he was looking for, he paid two pounds for a list of about half a dozen landladieswho had rooms to let. (NMET 2004)譯文:(1)最終盡管有些主修社會(huì)科學(xué)的學(xué)生在找第一份工作時(shí)比學(xué)工科的同學(xué)要困難些,但是一些剛剛大學(xué)畢業(yè)的社會(huì)學(xué)生并不后悔他們的專(zhuān)業(yè)選擇。(2)當(dāng)Peter進(jìn)

36、來(lái)時(shí),坐在桌邊的女士向他爽朗地笑了笑。在Peter告訴她他在找什么房子后,她讓Peter交了兩磅買(mǎi)了一份大約有六個(gè)要出租房子的女房東的名單。以下是對(duì)2008年各省、市高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的一些有代表性的長(zhǎng)難句的解析。1.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300,000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the wo

37、rlds largest youth environmental organization.(NMET 2008 山東卷D篇)簡(jiǎn)析:第一句中夾雜有一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,又有復(fù)雜主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)的中心語(yǔ)為T(mén)he response,其后的to her request for help為后置定語(yǔ),第二句是由and并列的兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,其中第二句中承前省略了主語(yǔ)kids FACE。譯文:人們對(duì)她請(qǐng)求幫助的反應(yīng)如此強(qiáng)烈以至于波建立了一個(gè)為了更潔凈環(huán)境的孩子的組織。現(xiàn)在這個(gè)組織在全世界有300,000名成員,并且它是世界上最大的青少年環(huán)保組織。實(shí)例:72.Kids F.A.C.E is_.A.a program to

38、help students with writingB.a project of litter recyclingC.a campaign launched by President BushD.a club of environmental protection2.One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer(同齡人) group.(NMET 2008 遼寧卷C篇)簡(jiǎn)析:夾雜定語(yǔ)從句和形式賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。譯文:對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō),不關(guān)心自己的學(xué)習(xí)是一種酷的標(biāo)志的原因之一是受到他的同齡人的影

39、響。實(shí)例: 64.Why did Tom give up studying?A.He disliked his teachers.B.His parents no longer supported him. C.Its cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.D.There were too many subjects in his secondary school.3.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives.Buying something a

40、s basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people,ending in the shopper giving up and walking away,or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted.(NMET 2008重慶卷E篇)簡(jiǎn)析:句子中夾雜著固定短語(yǔ),v-ing式作主語(yǔ),復(fù)雜主語(yǔ),

41、v-ing式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)以及定語(yǔ)從句。譯文:無(wú)窮盡的選擇給人們的生活帶來(lái)了無(wú)盡的煩惱。買(mǎi)像咖啡壺這樣最基本的東西也不是那么簡(jiǎn)單了。對(duì)許多人而言,面對(duì)觸手可及的一系列的日常用品卻感到眼花瞭亂、不知所措,結(jié)果是購(gòu)物者只好放棄選擇、匆匆而去,或者僅僅買(mǎi)了一件并非真正需要的不合適的商品。實(shí)例:73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.B.People are likely to find themselves overc

42、ome by business persuasion.C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.D.Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.4.They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness.Or,in summer,they may think it is the heat.However,the real reason l

43、ies inside their bodies.At that time about eight hours after you wake upyour body temperature goes down.This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.(NMET 2008 四川卷C篇)簡(jiǎn)析:句中夾雜兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和一個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。譯文:他們可能認(rèn)為吃午飯是他們困乏的原因?;蛘咴谙奶欤麄兛赡苷J(rèn)為是炎熱的緣故。然而,真正的原因在于他們身體的內(nèi)部。在那時(shí),也就是說(shuō),在你醒來(lái)大約八個(gè)小時(shí)之后,你的體溫開(kāi)始呈下降的趨勢(shì)。

44、這就是使你行動(dòng)遲緩并且感到困乏的原因。實(shí)例:44.Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?A.They eat too much for lunch.B.They sleep too little at night.C.Their body temperature becomes lower.D.The weather becomes a lot warmer.5.These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take

45、up jobs that require good spatial skills,while more women speech skills.It may all go back to our ancestors(祖先),among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt,according to one research.(NMET 2008陜西卷E篇)簡(jiǎn)析:第一句中包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句,在其中又有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從

46、句,還有一介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞(among whom)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。注意more women之后省去了與前半句中相同的take up jobs that require .。譯文:大腦這些差異也解釋了這樣的事實(shí):更多的男性從事空間技能的工作,而更多的女性則從事需要語(yǔ)言技能的工作。這種現(xiàn)象也可以追溯到我們的祖先時(shí)代,據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究表明,在他們當(dāng)中,女性做的是照看孩子這樣的需要語(yǔ)言技能的工作,男性做的是像狩獵這樣的需要空間技能的工作。     實(shí)例:59.Which of the following do you agree with according to

47、the fourth paragraph?A.Young boys may be stronger than young girls.B.More women take up jobs requiring speech skillsC.Women may have stronger feelings than men.D.Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.6.The busier we are,the more important we seem to ourselves and,we imagine,to others.To be unavai

48、lable to our friends and family,and to be unable to find time to relaxthis has become the model of a successful life.(NMET 2008湖北卷D篇)簡(jiǎn)析:句中有“The + 比較級(jí),the + 比較級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu),還有復(fù)雜的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。譯文:我們?cè)矫?,?duì)我們自己而言,而且我們也以為在其他人看來(lái),我們?cè)街匾?。我們無(wú)空幫助朋友,找不到時(shí)間照顧家庭,找不到自己放松的時(shí)間,這已經(jīng)成為了成功生活的模式。實(shí)例:74.According to Paragraph 4,a successful person is one who is believed to _ .A.be able to work without stressB.be more

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