高中英語語法被動語態(tài)

1、高中英語語法被動語態(tài)5 / 4被動語態(tài)一、語態(tài)的基本概念和種類語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。英語動詞有 兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者， 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。 謂 語動詞為主動語態(tài)的句子叫主動句， 謂語動詞被動語態(tài)的句子叫被動句。 一般來 說，主動語態(tài)側重于行為者，被動語態(tài)側重于動作的對象或動作本身。如：主動句：They built this bridge.他們修的這座橋。被動旬：This bridge was built by them這橋由他們建造。二、被動語態(tài)的構成被動語態(tài)由“ be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成，助動詞 b

2、e有人稱、數和時態(tài) 的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為系動詞的變化完全一樣。英語主動語態(tài)的時態(tài)共有十六種，而被動語態(tài)只有十種。、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)轉換成被動語態(tài)分三步走：第一步是將主動語態(tài)中的賓語放在句 首，第二步是將主動語態(tài)中的謂語變成被動形式， 第三步是將主動語態(tài)中的主語放在被動句的謂語之后，在前面再加上介詞by,引出動作的執(zhí)行者。簡言之, by。主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時,主語與賓語交換位置,謂語變?yōu)楸粍有问?執(zhí)行者前加主動語態(tài)：WespeakChinese.（主語）（謂語）（賓語）Chinese is spoken by us.（主語）（謂語）（賓語）主動語態(tài)轉換成被動語態(tài)分三種情況: 第

3、一種句型：主語+謂語+賓語，主語與賓語交換位置。例如：I sent an email last night昨天夜里我發(fā)了一封電子郵件。（主動結構）An email was sent （by me） last night. 一封電子郵件昨天夜里（由我）發(fā)出了。 （被 動結構）第二種句型：主語+謂語+賓語+賓語，將其中任意一個賓語與主語交換位置。例 如：My parents bought me a new compute成的父母親給我買了一臺新電腦。（主動結A new computer was bought for meW人給我買了一臺新電腦。 （被動結構）I was bought a new c

4、ompute有人給我買了一臺新電腦。（被動結構）第三種句型：主語+謂語+復合賓語，將其中的賓語提到句首，而將賓語補足語仍留在原來的位置。例如：We found him lying under the tree我們發(fā)現他躺在樹底下。（主動結構，賓語補足 語為現在分詞。）He was found lying under the tree他被發(fā)現躺在樹底下。（被動結構，主動結構的賓語補足語lying under the tree在此變成了主語補足語。）四、八種常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例1、一般現在時is/am/are doneA lot of books are kept in our school l

5、ibrary 我們學校圖書館有許多藏書。Radio is used in everyday life收音機用于日常生活。2、一般過去時was/were doneA thief was caught last night個小偷昨晚被抓了。They were asked to speak at the meetin他們被邀請在會議上講話。3、現在進行時is/am/are being doneA new library is being put up in their school now 他們學校正在建新圖書館。The watch is being repaire退塊表正在修理。4、過去進行時wa

6、s/were being doneThe door was being painted at that time. B 時門還在油漆。The equipment was being examined at this time yesterday 昨天這個時間正在檢 查設備。5、一般將來時shall/will be doneThe class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoons 會下周六下午召開。The thieves will be arrested這些小偷將被逮捕。6、過去將來時should/would be doneThey said

7、 the work would be finished the next day.他們說這項工作第二天就能完成。7、現在完成時have/has been doneMy bag has been stolen 的包被偷了。Many stamps have been collected by me since last year 從去年開始我收集了 許 多郵票。8、過去完成時had been doneShe said this airport had never been us蒯說這個機場沒有使用過。五、被動語態(tài)的用法1、當不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時，用被動語態(tài)。例如：His bike has be

8、en stolenftfc的自行車被人偷走了。This window was smashed last nigh虺扇窗戶昨天晚上被打破了。2、在沒有必要或不想指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時，用被動語態(tài)。例如：China was liberated in 1949中國是一九四九年解放的。.I was told you were late this morning 我聽說你今天早晨遲到了。3、強調或突出動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)。例如：The plan has already been made. 戈 U 已經制定好了。Wu Ying may be elected secretary of the Par

9、ty committee.吳英可能當選為黨委 書記。用被動語態(tài)時，如需同時指出動作的執(zhí)行者，可用“介詞by+動作執(zhí)行者（賓格）這一結構。例如：Midnight was written by Mao Dun. 子夜是茅盾寫的。This picture can't have been drawn by him® 張畫不可能是他畫的。六、使用被動語態(tài)應注意的事項1、及物動詞能構成被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞不能構成被動語態(tài)。例如：English is spoken in every country in the world. 英語在世界各國都有人使用。(及物)Children sleep

10、soundly小孩子睡的香。(不及物)某些不及物動詞與介詞或副詞構成不可分割的短語時，如有賓語，可用被動語態(tài)。例如：The speaker was listened to carefull隊們聆聽發(fā)言人的講話。This lesson must be gone over agaicfi 課書必須再復習一遍。2、把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，句中謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，及物動詞的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。某些動詞(如：give, send, pay, tell, lend, offer, show, throw, hand, bring,buy, get, make, leaved)有時帶兩個賓語，有形成兩種結構的

11、可能。例如：Someone gave me a bookt人給我一本書。變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時可能是：I was given a book (by someone).(比較常用)A book was given to me (by someone).3、帶有情態(tài)動詞的一般被動語態(tài)時“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”。例如：The question needn't be discussed. 個問題不必討論。The classroom must be cleaned at once. 個教室應該立即打掃。4、帶有不定式的一般被動語態(tài)是“ to be+過去分詞”。例如：A new hotel is go

12、ing to be built near the station 站附近要建所新旅館。Your bike needs to be repaired.的自行車需要修理。5、動詞有兩個賓語時大多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，保留直接賓語。例如：He was asked a number of questions by the teacher1師問他許多問題。6、成語動詞改為被動語態(tài)時不可丟掉其后的介詞或副詞。例如：He was often made fun of by his classmates 上同學經常開他玩笑。This must be paid attention to 這一點應當注意。7、“介詞i

13、n, on, under等+名詞”構成介詞短語即可表示被動意義又可表示主動 意義。( 1) 表示主動的常見詞組有：be at desk(=be studying); be at work(=be working);be at a meeting(=be having a meeing); be at table(=be having a meal); be at PC(=be operating PC)( 2) 表示被動的常見詞組有：be under discussion(=be being discussed); be underconstruction(=be being construc

14、ted); be under consideration(=be being considered); be under repair(=be being repaired); be past repair(=can't be repaired); be past understanding(=can't be understood); be beyond recognition(=can't be recogniz edy 般來說，“past或beyond+有動詞意義的名詞”表示“不能被 ”) 七、被動語態(tài)的兩個重要句型英語里，如果賓語是that從句，那么變成被動語態(tài)

15、時就有兩種變法，即兩個重要的被動語態(tài)句型。例如：They know that he is a good English teache他們認為他是個優(yōu)秀的英語教師。(主動結構)It is known that he is a good English teacherA們認為他是個優(yōu)秀的英語教師。（被動語態(tài)第一種句型，it 為被動句的形式主語。）He is known to be a good English teache他被認為是個優(yōu)秀的英語教師。（被動語態(tài)第二種句型，主動句中賓語從句的主語變成主動句的主語，賓語從句的謂語變成不定式短語。）類似的句型還有：It is said that.據說.；

16、 It is reported that.據報道.； It isbelieved that.人們相信.； It is though that.人們認為.； It is well known that.眾所周知.。八、主動形式表示被動意義的情況1、動詞want, need, require, deserve作“需要”解釋時，后接動名詞的主動形式 表示被動意思，這時動名詞和句中的主語存在邏輯上的動賓關系。例如：As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.2、 “系動

17、詞 look, sound, feel, taste, smell, prove, appear+容詞”構成的系表結構， 主動表示被動意思。例如： I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. Sounds good.3、表示主語的某種屬性特征的動詞，如“ write, read, sell, keep, dry, eat, wash+ 詞”，常用主動表被動；act, keep, lock, move, open, shut, sta也表示被動意思。4、形容詞worth 后接動名詞，主動表示被動意思。例如：This book is

18、30 dollars, but it is worth reading.5、不定式to blame表示被動意思。例如：Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.6、某些動詞不能構成被動語態(tài)：A.動詞leave, enter, reachl的賓語是表示住所、地點等時；B. 表示狀態(tài)的動詞become, benefit, cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last,mean, seem, resemble, suit, look like；C. 下列不及物動詞和短語動詞appear, die, disappear, happen, lie, occur, rise,agree with, belong to, break out, consist o