grammar定語從句

1、Grammar attributive clauses定語從句定語從句: 是指在復合句中是指在復合句中, 修飾修飾 或或 的從句。被定語從句所修的從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做飾的名詞或代詞叫做 “ ”。引導定語從句的。引導定語從句的詞叫詞叫“ ”。 名詞名詞代詞代詞 先行詞先行詞關系詞關系詞基礎知識基礎知識 定定語語從從句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定語從句限制性定語從句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句引導定語從句的關系詞引導定語從句的關系詞指代人指代人 指

2、代事物指代事物 所屬關系所屬關系 指地點指地點 指時間指時間 指原因指原因 who, whom, thatwhich, thatwhose (of which/of whom)wherewhenwhy關關系系代代詞詞關關系系副副詞詞引導詞引導詞先行詞先行詞成分成分關關系系代代詞詞who人人主，賓主，賓whom人人賓賓which物物主主,賓賓,表表,that人或物人或物主主,賓賓,表表whose+ 名詞名詞 (=of whom/which + the+名詞名詞)人或物人或物定定關關系系副副詞詞where (=介詞介詞at/in/from+which)地點詞地點詞狀狀when(=介詞介詞at/on

3、/in+ which)時間詞時間詞狀狀why (= for which)reason狀狀the +名詞名詞+ of which/ whome.g.: 1.The man who was here yesterday is a painter. 2. I know the man whom you mean.3. I have that which you give me.4. She is no longer the girl (that) she was before she went to college. 5. Nobody wants the house whose roof has

4、fallen in.6. The office where he works is on the second floor.7.The reason why he didnt come was not made clear.8.I still remember the days when we worked together.（who作主語）作主語）(whom作賓語作賓語)(which作賓語作賓語)(that作表語作表語)(whose作定語作定語)A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is _can fly.a machine th

5、at /whichJoin the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday._ we saw yesterday is Mary.The girlThe girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday._we saw yesterday is Mary.that/who/whomThe girl1. There is nothing _ can prevent him from doing it.2. Do you have anything _ you dont understand?3.Th

6、at is all _ I want to say.thatthat1. that與與which當先行詞是當先行詞是all,everything, nothing, anything, something, much,little,few等等不定代詞不定代詞時時,定語從句用定語從句用that引導。引導。that1. This is the best TV _ is made in China.2. The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.thatthat先行詞被先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修

7、飾修飾時時, 定語從句用定語從句用that引導。引導。1.Ive read all the books _ you lent me.2.Mr Smith is the only foreigner _ he knows.that先行詞被先行詞被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last 修飾時修飾時,定語從句用定語從句用that引導引導。that1. The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest

8、among the students.2. A victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.thatthat先行詞中既有人又有事物時先行詞中既有人又有事物時, 引導定引導定語從句用語從句用that。1. Who _ you have ever seen can do it better?Who做先行詞時做先行詞時, 引導定語從句用引導定語從句用that。that1. Her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen.2. This is the

9、ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.3. Xiao Wang, with _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.whichwhichwhom在介詞后面在介詞后面, 指事物用指事物用which, 指人用指人用whom。whose 引導的定語從句引導的定語從句表示所屬關系表示所屬關系The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.whose2. whose的用法的用法There are in this class 20 students, _ ar

10、e different.A. whose backgrounds B. The backgrounds of whomC. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whoseThe earth is round, _ we all know._ is known to all, the earth is round._ is known to all that the earth is round.as AsIt3. as的用法的用法定語從句在句首時只能用定語從句在句首時只能用as, as 具有具有“正如，就像正如，就像”之意，與之搭配的動之

11、意，與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的。詞一般是固定的。This is the same book as I lost. 這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。This is the same book that I lost.這本書就是我丟的那本。這本書就是我丟的那本。This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。asas定語從句定語從句This is such an intere

12、sting book _ we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.thatthat這本書如此有趣這本書如此有趣, 大家都喜歡。大家都喜歡。結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句1. It is very useful to master a foreign language, _ has been said before.which2. _ everyone hoped, Mary has won the first prize. Asas引導定語從句可放在句首引導定語從句可放在句首, 句中句中, 句末句末, 而而which

13、引導定語從句不能放在句首。引導定語從句不能放在句首。as譯為正如譯為正如, 好像。好像。which 則沒有此義。則沒有此義。1) Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.2) Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.3) Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.4) This is the museum _I visited last year.whenwhichthatwhichthatwhichthat4. when, wh

14、ere, why與與that, which的區(qū)別的區(qū)別This is the reason _ (= for which) I didnt come here. The reason _ she gave was not true.whywhich/that指時間指時間, 地點或原因的先行詞在定語從地點或原因的先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語句中作主語或賓語, 用用which或或that引導引導定語從句。定語從句。1)He is the only one in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise. 2)He is one of the s

15、tudents in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise. hashave5. 定語從句中的謂語動詞定語從句中的謂語動詞 關系代詞在定語從句中做關系代詞在定語從句中做主語主語時，謂時，謂語動詞的語動詞的數(shù)數(shù)取決于取決于先行詞先行詞。先行詞是。先行詞是個個句子時句子時，從句中的，從句中的謂語動詞謂語動詞用用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式。形式。 如果如果“one of +one of +復數(shù)名詞復數(shù)名詞”位于關系位于關系代詞前代詞前作先行詞作先行詞時，從句中的時，從句中的動詞動詞常常用用復數(shù)復數(shù)。但當。但當oneone前前有有the(only),the(v

16、erythe(only),the(very) )等修飾時，從句等修飾時，從句中的中的謂語動詞謂語動詞要用要用單數(shù)單數(shù)。1) 看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配This is the book _ which you asked.forThe old man whom I am looking after is better.6. 如何判斷介詞如何判斷介詞注意注意: 動詞短語不能拆開即介詞不提前動詞短語不能拆開即介詞不提前2) 看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配He referred me to some reference books _ whi

17、ch I am not very familiar.3) 根據(jù)先行詞判斷根據(jù)先行詞判斷, 所用的介詞與先行所用的介詞與先行詞搭配詞搭配This is our classroom, _ which there is a teachers desk.within the front of7. 當先行詞為way 并且定語從句中缺少狀語狀語時，關系詞可用that/in which或可以省略。 e.g.: All of us disliked the way (that/in which)Tom settled the maths problem. Treat others in the way (th

18、at/in which) you want to be treated. 當先行詞為way 并且定語從句中缺少賓語賓語時，關系詞用that /which或可以省略。 e.g.: I dont understand the way (that/which) the teacher explained to me. lwhere there were lots of new ideaslwhich Mencius gave. lwhose ideas were very influential lwho lived an unusual life. lwhen there was a lot of

19、 war. 1. Confucius lived in a century2. Ancient China was a country3. Some rulers followed the advice4. Philosophers were people5. Mozi was a manI. Match the two parts of the sentences.課后練習課后練習II. Complete each sentence with one of these words. 1. Mencius wrote a book _ many people have read. 2. Men

20、cius came from a part of the world _ change was happening fast. whichwherewho which when where whose3. This was a period _ many people became interested in Confuciuss teachings.4. Mozi was a man _ behavior was often unusual. 5. Mozi was a teacher _ principles were different from those of Confucius.

21、whose whenwhose 6. It was a time _ philosophers could have positions in governments. 7. He came from an area _ people were very poor. wherewhen1. Were in the region. Printing was first invented in this region. Were in the region in which printing was first invented.III. Connect these sentences using

22、 the given phrases.of which at which to whom of whom in which 2. It is an invention. He is very proud of this invention. It is an invention of which he is very proud.3. He is a man. I am afraid of this man because he has invented something dangerous. He is a man of whom Im afraid because he has invented something dangerous.4.