上海海洋大學(xué)普通生態(tài)學(xué)試卷

1、上海海洋大學(xué)試卷學(xué)年學(xué)期20 13 20 14 學(xué)年第 2 學(xué)期考核方式閉卷課程名稱普通生態(tài)學(xué)A/B卷（ A ）卷課程號(hào)1302504學(xué)分3學(xué)時(shí)48題號(hào)一二總分分?jǐn)?shù)閱卷人考生誠信考試承諾書本人鄭重承諾：本人已閱讀并且透徹地理解了“上海海洋大學(xué)學(xué)生考場規(guī)則”和“上海海洋大學(xué)學(xué)生違反校紀(jì)校規(guī)處理規(guī)定”，承諾在考試中自覺遵守，如有違反，按有關(guān)條款接受處理。承諾人簽名： 日 期： 姓名： 學(xué)號(hào)： 專業(yè)班名： 一、Please explain the following terms (3 points each, 21 points totally). 名詞解釋, 每個(gè)3分,共21分1、Liebigs

2、law of minimum2、 Shelfords law of tolerance3、 law of effective temperature4、 innate capacity of increase (or intrinsic rate of increase)5、 ecological strategy6、 Climax7、 edge effect二、Put the appropriate ecological terms into the Blank in order to make the sentence meaningful (one point each blank, 1

3、0 points totally). 填空題, 每空1分，共10分1、According to the shape of age pyramid, it can be classified into three types, that is, , , and .2、The inter-specific relationship between lion and deer is . The interaction between penicillin and bacterium is . Walnut quinone secreted by walnut can inhibit the grow

4、th of its surrounding plants, so the relationship between walnut and its surrounding plants belongs to .3、 , , and are the three functional groups that consist of ecosystem.4、The types of natural selection include stabilizing selection, directional selection, .三、True or false (two points each, 16 po

5、ints totally). 是非題，每小題2分，共16分1、( ) Organisms in the Tropical Zone（熱帶）are able to tolerate(耐受) much higher temperature than those in Temperate Zone（溫帶）and Frigid Zone（寒帶）, so organisms in Tropical Zone are eurytherms (廣溫生物) while organisms in Temperate Zone are stenotherms (狹溫生物).2、( ) The inter-spec

6、ific relationship between black carp (鳙魚) and silver carp (鰱魚) is mutualism.3、( ) Species diversity (物種多樣性) in Tropical Zone (熱帶地區(qū)) is lower than in Temperate Zone (溫帶地區(qū)).4、( ) Polyclimax hypothesis argue that the climax of a community is determined only by the climate.5、( ) After a forest is logged

7、 by the way of clear cutting (皆伐) , there will occur secondary succession. 6、( ) Molecular ecology belongs to the research domain of classic ecology.7、( ) The most plants belong to modular organism (構(gòu)件生物).8、( ) The interaction between termite and flagellate (鞭毛蟲) in its intestine is commensalisms.四、

8、To make the right choice ( 11points totally) 選擇題，第6、7、8小題各2分其余每小題1分，共11分1、36( ) is/are not the decomposer of the ecosystemA. earthworm (蚯蚓) B. bacteria (細(xì)菌) C. fungus (真菌) D. green alga (綠藻)2、The parasitizing bees lay eggs in the body of their parasitized insects, and will gradually kill the parasit

9、ized insects, so the relationship between them is ( ) A. parasitoidism (擬寄生) B. parasitism (寄生) C. amensalism (偏害作用) D. commensalisms (偏利作用)3、( ) belong(s) to r-strategist.A. locust (蝗蟲) B. giant panda (大熊貓) C. white whale (白鯊) D. Chinese river dolphin (白暨豚)4、( ) dont belong to positive interaction

10、among the four inter-specific relationships followed.A. competition B. amensalism C. predation D. Mutualism5、When there are short of calcium (鈣) in the environment, strontium (鍶) can substitutes for calcium (Ca.) in the growth and development of mollusk. We can term this effect as ( ). A. Combined e

11、ffect (綜合作用) B. complementary effect (互補(bǔ)作用) C. Non-substitutable (不可替代作用) D. Definitiveness (限定性作用或階段性作用)6、 The main characteristics of r-selector include(s)（ ）.A. small body B. large body C. high reproduction rate D. low reproduction rate7、When Tribolium castaneum (雜擬谷盜) and Oryzaephilus surinamens

12、is (鋸谷盜) are cultured together, they compete for food and eat each others eggs. The interaction between the two animals belong(s) to ( ). A. exploitation competition B. interference competition C. Apparent competition (似然競爭) D. Amensalism8、 ( ) belong(s) to the research domain of classic ecology.A.

13、population ecology B. community ecology C. ecosystem ecology D. landscape ecology五、Please answer the questions below in brief (36 points totally). 簡答題 共36分1、Please list the types of survivorship curve, the characteristics and one representative species of each curve. 存活曲線有哪幾種？每種存活曲線有哪些特征？各種曲線列出1個(gè)物種。

14、（6分）2、 What are the four fundamental components of the ecosystem? and what functions the composer, consumer, and producer play in the ecosystem ? 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有哪些主要組成成分？生產(chǎn)者、消費(fèi)者和分解者在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中各起什么功能？（6分）3、 Please briefly describe the morphological, physiological, and behavioral differences between r-selector and K

15、-selector. 簡述r- 選擇者和K-選擇者在形態(tài)、生理、行為特征方面的主要區(qū)別有哪些？4、 Please briefly describe the reason why the number of trophic levels is less than six? 簡要說明為什么不能超過6個(gè)營養(yǎng)級(jí)（6分）5、 簡述對于建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)是建立一個(gè)大保護(hù)區(qū)好還是建立若干個(gè)小保護(hù)區(qū)好？在自然保護(hù)區(qū)架設(shè)“廊道”的生態(tài)學(xué)意義。建議盡量使用島嶼種群論闡述（12分）六、計(jì)算題（共6分）1、一個(gè)學(xué)生估算一塊木頭下面鼠婦的種群數(shù)量。她在木頭左端一區(qū)域用捕蟲網(wǎng)捉了80只鼠婦，將它們標(biāo)記后放回，并與該種群中的其