全常見倒裝現(xiàn)象

1、常見倒裝現(xiàn)象歸納(一) 倒裝句簡介 1. 倒裝的定義： 英語句子中有時(shí)把謂語的全部或一部分提到主語的前面, 這種語序叫倒裝。2. 倒裝的原因： 1) 語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要：如there be句型，疑問句等。 e.g. Do you get up early every day ? There are 5000 students in this school . 2) 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一個(gè)詞或成分： e.g. Never have I seen such an exciting film . Standing outside the classroom is our headmaster , Mr Whit

2、e . 3) 為了使上下文緊密銜接： e.g. They arrived at an old house , in front of which sat a young boy . Ive finished telling my story . Now comes your turn . 3. 倒裝句出現(xiàn)的場合： 1) 簡單句中 e.g. Only in this way can you work out this problem . 2) 并列句中 e.g. Tom has gone to America and never will he come back . 3) 復(fù)合句中 e.g.

3、He told us that nowhere else could we eat such delicious beef . They arrived at a house , in front of which stood a big tree . 4. 倒裝的類型： 1) 完全倒裝： 把句子的謂語全部提到主語前面。 2) 部分倒裝： 把句子謂語的一部分(如助動詞，系動詞，情態(tài)動詞)提到主語前面。(二) 完全倒裝 1. There be句型屬于完全倒裝： (1) There +系動詞be +主語 e.g. There were a lot of people in the park las

4、t Sunday . There is a book , 2 pencils and 4 letters on the desk . (2) There +系動詞seem / remain +主語 e.g. There seems (to be) no point in waiting for him . There remains a lot of doubt about it . (3) There + vi.(live，stand，lie，exist，happen，appear ，etc.) +主語 e.g. There lived an old man in this old hous

5、e 3 years ago . There exist some serious problems in our society . There appeared a red sun above the mountain . 2. 表示地點(diǎn)方向的副詞放在句首時(shí)，主謂完全倒裝： (1) 句型：地點(diǎn)方向副詞 + vi.(come，go，rush，fly，run，fall，etc.) +主語 e.g. Out rushed the children as soon as the bell rang . Away flew the little bird . Look ! Here comes the

6、 bus . The door opened and in came Mr Smith . (2) 如果主語是人稱代詞，那么主謂不倒裝。 e.g. Here you are . Downstairs he ran . (3) 注意：這種倒裝句只能使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，不能用其他時(shí)態(tài)。 3. 有些時(shí)間副詞(now，then，often，etc.)在句首時(shí), 有時(shí)也用倒裝語序。e.g. They all failed . Now comes your chance . My uncle drank some cold water . Then came a smell of sulphur

7、. 4. 表示地點(diǎn)方位的介詞短語在句首時(shí), 主謂常倒裝。 句型：介詞短語+ vi.(lie，come，run，sit，stand，appear，etc.) +主語 e.g. In front of my house stands a big tree . From the distance came a cry for help . (To the) South of the village lies a beautiful lake . 5. 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或保持平衡, 有時(shí)把表語(adj. / adv. / prep.短語 / 非謂語動詞)提到句首, 主語和系動詞要倒裝。（表語+be 主語） e

8、.g. Present at the meeting are students who are very interested in music but not good at it . Here is a letter for you . East of Korea is Japan . Among the speakers was Chinas then Premier Zhu Rongji . Waiting outside is a customer who wants to see the manager . Caught in the traffic accident were 1

9、4 students and their teacher . 6. Such開頭的句子： e.g. Such is Lily , a kind and diligent girl . Such were our opinions about the problem . Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight . 7. 祝愿句： Long live ! (萬歲!) e.g. Long live peace ! Long live the Peoples Republic of China ! (

10、三) 部分倒裝 1. so開頭的句子, 表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一人或物時(shí)。 1) 常用句型：副詞So + be /助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語 e.g. He is good at maths . So am I . I like English . So does my sister . I have been to France . So has she . Tom can swim . So can Jack . 2) 如果副詞so開頭的句子只是重復(fù)或贊同前面的內(nèi)容，則不需要倒裝。 e.g. - It is very hot today . - So it is . - Your son

11、 studies hard . - So he does . 3) 連詞as也可以表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一人或物 e.g. Our eating habits have changed , as has our way of life . A better understanding of the environment is necessary , as is the willingness to act . 2. Neither / Nor開頭的句子, 表示前面所說的否定情況也適用于另一人或物時(shí)。 常用句型：Neither / Nor + be /助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 +主語 e.g.

12、We have never been abroad . Neither / Nor has Li Ping . He is not good at music , and neither am I . 如果前面提到兩件事情，且謂語動詞類型不同，或者一肯一否時(shí)，不能單獨(dú)用so或 neither / nor，需要使用句型It is the same with / So it is with 。 e.g. He likes swimming and is good at skating . So it is with me . Tom likes maths but doesnt like musi

13、c . It is the same with his sister . 3. 否定含義的副詞或介詞短語在句首時(shí)。 1) 副詞never , hardly , seldom , little , rarely , scarcely，nowhere 等在句首時(shí)。 e.g. Never before have I seen such a big monkey . Little does she care about others . Nowhere else in the world can you enjoy such beautiful scenery . 2) not once , not

14、often , not ever , not a single 等在句首時(shí)。 e.g. Not once has my brother been to Beijing . Not a single mistake did he make in the exam . 3) 有些否定含義的介詞短語, 相當(dāng)于never , 如果放在句首, 主謂要倒裝。 常見的有：in no way / case , by no means , at no time , on no account / condition , under no circumstances , etc. e.g. By no means

15、 can you lend Tom any money . At no time will he come to help us . 4. 有些否定含義的連詞在句首時(shí), 主謂要倒裝。 常見的有：nor , not onlybut also , not until , hardlywhen , no soonerthan e.g. 1) Without international cooperation , developing countries cant prosper , nor will sustainable development be possible . 2) Not only

16、is he good at English , but also he speaks French fluently . 3) Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation . 4) Hardly / No sooner had Tom arrived when / than his uncle telephoned him . (此句型中主句常用過去完成時(shí), 從句用一般過去時(shí)) 5. Only修飾副詞, 介詞短語, 狀語從句在句首時(shí)。 e.g. 1) Only later / then did the worl

17、d recognize his greatness . 2) Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth . 3) Only if you follow my advice will you be able to complete the project . 注：Only修飾主語時(shí)，主謂不倒裝。 e.g. Only five students have finished the homework on time . 6. 在so / such that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中, 若把so / such部分提到句首,則主句要倒裝。 e

18、.g. So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it . Such a good student is Li Ping that he is often praised by the teachers . So many mistakes did he make that he failed the exam . 7. if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中有were, had , should時(shí), 可以省去if , 再把were, had , should提到句首, 變?yōu)榈寡b句。 e.g. Were I you (= If I were you), I

19、 would give an AIDS patient a hug . Had you told (= If you had told) him about the danger , he wouldnt have been hurt . Were he to fail (= If he were to fail) the exam tomorrow , he would try again . Should a fire break out (= If a fire should break out) , please sound the alarm . 注：如果if條件句是否定句，倒裝時(shí)不

20、能將not提前。 e.g. Had you not (= If you had not) lent Bob any money , nothing would have happened . Were it not for the rain (= If it were not for the rain) , the crops would die . 8. 祝愿句：May +主語+動詞原形 e.g. May you succeed ! (= Wish you success !) May the poor old man live happily ! (四) 異常語序 ：有些句型中，要把某個(gè)成

21、分提到句首，但主謂并不倒裝。 1. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句：1) as從句中謂語為系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要把作表語的形容詞或名詞提到as前(若表語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，須省略a / an)。e.g. Young as he is，he has a good knowledge of medicine .Strange as it sounds，it is very helpful . Pupil as she is，she often helps the disabled .2) as從句中謂語是實(shí)義動詞+副詞時(shí)，要把副詞提到as前。e.g. Hard as Li Ping works , he failed

22、 this exam .3) as從句中如果沒有副詞，就把實(shí)義動詞提到as前。e.g. Try as he might , he didnt pass the test . Succeed as they did , they had paid a lot .4) 注意：連詞though引導(dǎo)的從句可以和as從句一樣，但也可不提前。although的從句一定不能提前。e.g. Fast though / as he ran，he couldnt catch the bus . Although / Though he run fast，he couldnt catch the bus . 2. whatever / no matter what，however / no matter how 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，要和所修飾的名詞或形容詞、副詞一起提到主語前。e.g. Howe