選修六unit1知識點

1、1. Abstract1) Adj. 深奧的，抽象的Astronomy is an abstract subject. 天文學(xué)是一門深奧的學(xué)科。 Beauty is abstract but a house is not . 美是抽象的，房子是具體的。2) V.?！疤釤挕薄俺槿　盧ubber is abstracted from trees.橡膠是從樹木提取的。Salt can be abstracted from sea water鹽是從海水中提取出來的?！案爬ǎ瑢懻盚e is abstracting a story for a book review. 他在為一篇書評撰寫故事摘要。3)

2、 n.摘要an abstract of a lecture 一個演講的摘要2. would rather do sth情愿做.would rather sb did sth 情愿 sb 做I would rather stay at home today. 我今天寧愿待在家里。I would rather you came here tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天來。情愿做 .而不愿意做：would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth= prefer to do sth rather than do sth=

3、prefer doing sth to doing sthI would rather go with you than stay here.I would go with you rather than stay here.I prefer to go with you rather than stay here.I prefer going with you to staying here.3. faithn. 信任 ,信仰break one's faith with sb. 對某人不守信用 keep faith with 忠于信仰 ; 守信I kept faith with hi

4、m. 我信守了對他的諾言。He who loses faith, loses all.失去信心的人，失去所有。 have faith in 相信 , 信任 in good faith 老實地；誠懇地faithful adj. 忠誠的，可靠的4感嘆句:so+adj+a(an)+(單數(shù)可數(shù))什that )It wassocold a day thatSuch+a(an)+adj.+n.(不可數(shù))/ n (復(fù)數(shù))It wassucha cold day thatso many /few +n (復(fù)數(shù))(+ that )so much/little (不可數(shù))(+that )eg.1) The boo

5、k issoin terest ing that I want to read it aga in.2) the ice in the river was n early two feet thick.3) the ice in the river was n early two feet thick.4) There aresomany mistakes in yourcomposition th at I can ' t understand it.5) He has madesuchrapid progress that he got the first in the exam.

6、答案：so such so sosuchthat Mary was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (07 陜西)A. So successful her bus in ess wasB. So successful was her bus in essC. So her bus in ess was successfulD. So was her successful bus in ess答案：B5. consequently adv.所以，因止匕I overslept and consequently I was late for work.

7、我睡過頭了，所以我上班遲至U了。Mr Foster has n ever bee n to China. Con seque ntly, he knows very little about it.(做插入語) 福斯特先生從未去過中國，所以對中國了解得很少。It rained that day andthe baseball game was called off.A. howeverB. stillC. soD. Con seque ntly答案： D consequent adj. 作為結(jié)果的 ,隨之發(fā)生的 consequence n. 結(jié)果as a consequence/result

8、of = because of=in consequence = soShe was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it). 她被判有罪 , 因而失去了工作6. aim1) n.Q(C)目標(biāo)without aim 無目的的 / 無目標(biāo)的achieve one ' s完成目標(biāo)miss one' s aim 打不中目標(biāo)C(U)對準(zhǔn),瞄準(zhǔn)take aim atThe hunter took aim at the lionsb/ sth' s aim is to do 的目標(biāo)是 .What is your a

9、im in life? 你生活的目的是什么 ?The governor ' s aim isintocrease citizens ' income.2) v.3(以槍等)對準(zhǔn)，瞄準(zhǔn)take aim at the target= aim at the target 瞄準(zhǔn)靶子.He aimed his gun at the tiger, fired but missed it. 他用槍瞄準(zhǔn)老虎并開火 ,但沒打中aim at doing = aim to do 瞄準(zhǔn) , 力求做到 ,力爭達(dá)到 Harry aims at becoming a doctor.or: Harry aim

10、s to become a doctor.aimless adj. 無目標(biāo)的，無目的的She led an aimless life.32打算,計劃, 以為目標(biāo) , 立志做7. Conventionaladj.(traditional) 常規(guī)的，通常的，傳統(tǒng)的;受俗套束縛的，按習(xí)慣辦事的，陳舊的,形式上的conventional weapons 常規(guī)武器a conventional design 傳統(tǒng)圖案conventional opinions 舊觀念The chairman made a few conventional remarks. 主席說了幾句 客套 話。8. typical ad

11、j. 典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的 (representative) a typical character 典型人物 typical example 典型事例He is a typical pupil; he is like most of the other pupils. 他是一個有代表性的學(xué)生，他和大多數(shù)其他學(xué)生一樣。9. adj. evident 明白的 , 明顯的 (apparent)n. evidence 證據(jù) ; 證明The applause made it evident that the play was a hit. 掌聲顯然表明該劇是成功的。It i s evide

12、nt (obvious) (to sb) thatIt's evident that you are tired. 顯然你累了。evident =in evidence 明顯的10. realistic n. 現(xiàn)實主義的 ,逼真的 ,現(xiàn)實的 real adj. 真的 realize v. 實現(xiàn)in a more realistic way 以一種更逼真的形式realism現(xiàn)實主義idealism 理想主義realist 現(xiàn)實主義者terrorism 恐怖主義terrori st 恐怖分子Socialism 社會主義Socialist 社會主義者11. hold the Ideas/ v

13、alue view that.持有的觀點 / 價值觀I hold the plan can 't work.adopt vt.1. 采取 ; 采納 ;吸收After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion. 再三考慮之后 ,我決定采 納她的建議。2. 過繼，收養(yǎng)(+as)Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生將那孤兒收養(yǎng)為自己的兒子。3. 正式通過 ，接受The agenda was adopted after some discussio

14、n經(jīng)過討論，議事日程獲得通過。adopted adj. 被收養(yǎng)的，被采用的 adopted child12. possess 用作動詞時，不能用于進(jìn)行時 。有多種不同的含義：1）“有，擁有”。如：The library possesses a numb er of the artist' s early 圖書館里藏有那位畫家的一些早期作品。2） "具有的特質(zhì)”。常見搭配有be possessed of sth,意為"具有某種品質(zhì)或特征”如：I' m afraid he doesnposse'ssta sense ofhumor. 恐怕他沒有什么幽默感

15、。He is possessed of great natural ability. 他很有天賦。3）“支配,控制”。如：He was possessed bythe desire to be rich.possession。財產(chǎn)，所有物（常用復(fù)數(shù)）The ring is one of her most valuable possession s. 這只戒指是他最珍貴的財產(chǎn)之一。 personal possessi ons 個人財產(chǎn)He lost all his possessions in the fire.占有，擁有take possession of 占領(lǐng),奪取come into pos

16、session of 被占有in possession of（表主動）占有in the possessi on of（表被動）被占有He is in of the house. 他擁有這套房子。=The house is in the of him. 這套房子在他的占有之下。- Does the young man standing there the company?- No. The company is his father.A. have of; in ofB. in of ; in the ofC. take of ; in the ofD. have of ; in of答案： B

17、13. convinceconvince sb. to do sth=convince sb of sth. 說服某人做Convince sb that 使某人確信某事He convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我確信他的真誠。I was convinced to believe it.Your mistakes convinced me that you hadn ' t studied your lesso你的錯誤使我確信你沒有學(xué)習(xí) 功課。convince vt. “使確信；使信服”convince sb. of sth. / that .區(qū)分：by c

18、oincidence 碰巧 , 由于巧合what a coincidence （to do）!多么湊巧的事情?。hat a coincidence to meet you here. 真巧在這兒碰到你。 I met him by coincidence. I didn 't know he was here.14. a great/ good deal 大量 ; 大量China has changed a great deal. （修飾 v.）U）He ran a great deal faster than me.（修飾比較級 ） a great/good deal of+ 不可數(shù)

19、A great deal of money was spent on the project. 那個項目花費了大量金錢。1）修飾可數(shù)名詞：many a fewa good/great manyA great many buildings have been built along the street.a large/ big/ great/ / small number ofMany a + 單數(shù)名詞More than one + 單數(shù)名詞2）修飾不可數(shù)名詞：mucha good/great deal ofa large amount of （謂語動詞用單數(shù) ）large amounts o

20、f （謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù) ）3）修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞a lot of/lots ofplenty ofa large quantity of （謂語動詞用單數(shù) ）large quantities of （謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù) ）練習(xí)：1. the students in our school go to college in their teens.A good manyB. A great many ofC. A great deal of D. A lot of2. He is better now. Don't worry about him.A.moreB. a great deal o

21、fC. a number ofD.a great deal答案： D D15.Shadow1) n.影子The willow ' s shadofawlls on the lake. 垂柳的影子倒映在湖面上。影響了她一生。The shadow of this early tragedy has affected her whole life. 她年紀(jì)輕輕遭此劫， sit in the shade of a tree.樹蔭2) v.尾隨，跟蹤He kept looking behind, afraid of being shadowed .他不停的回頭看，害怕被跟蹤。16. Ridicu

22、lous1) adj.荒謬的，可笑的It is ridiculous that she should accept a stranger' s invitation.他竟然接受了一個陌生人的邀請真是荒唐。ridicule.v./n.嘲笑，奚落與"laugh at” 和” make fun of ”意思相近。He became an object ofThey all ridicule my suggestion.17. controversialAdj. 有爭議的，引起爭論的He became a controversial figure in the world of po

23、litics. 他成為世界政壇上的一位有爭議的人物。n. controversy 'k ?ntr?,v?:si 爭論；論戰(zhàn)；辯論The use of nuclear power is the subject of widespread controversy. 使用核武力是一個會引起廣泛爭議的問題。18. scores of 很多I have heard that scores of times.Scores of people attended the special performance. score =20A score of people were present at th

24、e party. 有 20 個人參加了聚會 Two score of those people wanted to fly there. 那些人中有 40 人想乘飛機(jī)19. attempt v.嘗試，企圖v.企圖，試圖；努力試圖，嘗試：努力去執(zhí)行，做或完成attempt doing 反復(fù)嘗試做attempt to do 企圖做attempt to do/doing = try to do/doing 嘗試做The seco nd question was so difficult; I did n' t 第二道attem難t 了，我連試都沒試。I attempted to speak

25、but was told to be quiet. 我想開口說幾句，但有人叫我別做聲。I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.n.襲擊；攻擊an attempt on someone's life. 對某人生命的 攻擊企圖或努力make an attempt to do sthat doing sthShe made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她試著做這頓飯。The prison

26、er made an attempt to escape/ at escapingbut failed.at one' s attempt 在 sb 嘗試下one' s first attempt 初次嘗試?yán)?Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing itonherfirstA) intentionB) attemptC) purposeD) desire練習(xí)：1) 他試圖行走直到摔倒。He2) 他參加過考試，可是失敗了。He b

27、ut failed.3) 我企圖說話，可是有人要我安靜點。I but was told to be quiet.attempted walking until he fell over.attempted the examinationattempted to speak20.On the other hand另一方面，相當(dāng)于一個副詞。常與 on one hand 連用。On one handon the other hand 方面另一方面This job is not well paid , but on the other hand, I don ' t have to work

28、long hours插入語)On one hand, I need a computer, but on the other hand, I don ' t have enough money.At hand 在手邊，在附近By hand用手的，手工的Go hand in hand with 與共同行動21.Predict1) v.預(yù)言，預(yù)測 后面加名詞做賓語或接that從句/wh-從句。Nobody can predict what will happe n in the future.It is still not possible to accurately predict th

29、e occurrenee of earthquakes. 現(xiàn)在還不可能準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測地震的發(fā)生。2) n. Prediction 預(yù)言，預(yù)測Her predictio n turned out to be correct.她的預(yù)言證明是正確的。22.Specific adj.明確的，詳盡的，具體的，特有的Can you be a bit more specific whe n you talk about your pla n?當(dāng)你談及你的計劃時，你能說的再具體點嗎？Each orga n in our body has its specific function.我們體內(nèi)的每個器官都有自己獨特的作

30、用。This kind of disease is specific to houses 這種病只有馬才會得。23. figure n.3) 人物;名人 He has become a figure known to every one4) 數(shù)字 Where did you get those figures?5) 數(shù)量;金額;價格 His work now comma nds huge figures.1)夕卜形;體形;人影 I saw a figure in the darkness.2) 體態(tài);風(fēng)姿She has a slender細(xì)長的；苗條的figure.區(qū)分：fin ger手指24

31、. delicate adj.He is a delicate child.纖弱的，嬌弱的，瘦弱的Be careful with those wi ne cups they are very delicate.易碎的In such a delicate situation I have to weigh my words. 需要小心處理的；微妙的；棘手的 在這樣微妙的情形下，我必須權(quán)衡一下我的話。What a delicate work of art!精妙的delicate china.精美的 瓷器25.1)aggressive adj.敢作敢為的；有闖勁的an aggressive sale

32、sman干勁很大的售貨員;侵略性的；好斗的aggressive weapons /boy攻擊性武器He is very aggressive. 他生性好斗。We regarded the Iraq War as an aggressive one.我們認(rèn)為伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭是侵略戰(zhàn)爭。2)aggressively adv. 氣勢洶洶地3) aggressi on n.侵略(行動)aggressor n. 侵略者練習(xí)：If you want to become a successful businessman, you must 如果你想做一個成功的商人，你必須積極進(jìn)取。 must be destroy

33、ed. 必須要銷毀攻擊性的武器。be aggressiveAggressive arms26.In the flesh 活生生，本人，親自Flesh n.肌肉；肉Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh ?你見過周杰倫本人嗎？He wouldn't believe until he saw in the flesh 他直到親眼目睹才相信。Flesh and blood 肉體，血肉之軀Though he is a hero, he is still flesh and blood .Lose flesh 減肥Gain/put on flesh 增肥

34、Flesh-eating 食肉的區(qū)分： fresh ： n. 開始；新生；泛濫adj. 新鮮的；清新的；淡水的；無經(jīng)驗的 adv. 剛剛，才；最新地27. preference n. - prefer v.1) 更加的喜愛 ,偏愛 UC(+for)A window seat is my preference. 我喜歡靠窗的座位。We dress simply by preference. 首先 , 最好2) 偏愛的事物 (或人 )CWhich is your preference, tea or coffee? 你喜歡喝哪一樣 ,茶還是咖啡3) 偏袒 U(+for)Parents should

35、 not show preference for any one of their children. 父母不應(yīng)流露出對任何一個孩子的偏心。4) Have a preference for 偏愛I have a prefere nee for classic music.我更喜歡古典音樂。 We had a preference for sweet food. 我們特別喜歡吃甜食5) 優(yōu)先 (權(quán) );優(yōu)惠權(quán) UC in preference to 優(yōu)先于I 'd choose the small car in preference to the larger one. 我寧可選擇那輛小

36、的汽車而不要那輛 大的。She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano. 她愿學(xué)小提琴而不學(xué)鋼琴 .28. Appealvi. 1) 呼吁 ,懇求 appeal to sb for sth.He appealed to me for help.2) 訴諸，求助(+to)We will appeal to a variety of sources of information.3) 有吸引力 ，迎合愛好 W (+to)The idea appealed to Mary.4) 【律】上訴 (+to/against)He appeal

37、ed against/to the five-year sentence he had been given.29. fragile adj.精細(xì)的；易碎的；脆弱的 ;As he broke up with his girlfriend， his heart was fragile. 由于他同女朋友分手了，他的心很脆弱。30. Reputation n.have a reputation 享有盛名 (+for)°名譽(yù)，名聲The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing. 該店買賣公平 ，聲譽(yù)極佳。He has a repu

38、tation for cheating in the exam. 他以考試作弊而享有盛名。°2 好名聲 ，聲望 ;信譽(yù)This restaurant has a fine reputation. 這家餐廳信譽(yù)很好。lose one's reputation失去盛名；Cheating at the game ruined that players reputation. 比賽時作弊敗壞了那位選手的聲望。 live up to one ' s reputation 不負(fù)盛名win a high reputation贏得很高的聲譽(yù) You must live up to y

39、our promise.你必須實踐自己的諾言。They are always exhorted to deliver results and to live up to their parents' high expectations 他們無時無刻被提醒要考取好成績， 實現(xiàn)父母對他們的高度期望。31. more than +名詞意為"不僅僅”， more than just 相當(dāng)于 notonly, not just 的意思。如： Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer， too. 詹森不僅是一名講師，他還是一個作家。The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. 博物館展示的不僅僅是視覺上的樂趣。1) more than+數(shù)詞，意為"超過”相當(dāng)于over，其反義詞組為less than