選修8unit5詞匯講解

1、教材P38）對(duì)不起，才T斷了你（的不要打斷演說者，等他講完不間斷地我總算連續(xù)工作了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。你最好別打擾他。他在睡覺。假定Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors1. alternative n .可能的選擇 adj.供選擇的，其他的Can you think of the alternatives we would use today（教材 P37）你能想出今天我們使用的替代品嗎I offered the alternative suggestions of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea.我提議這次

2、要么到山區(qū)要么到海邊度假。have the alternative of doing sth.有做的選擇；可以做have no alternative/choice but to do sth.另1J無選擇只好做alternative/choice/selectionalternativ e一般強(qiáng)調(diào)在只有兩種可能住或者行為方式之間進(jìn)行的選擇。choice泛指從一組人或物中進(jìn)行的自由選擇。selection含有從許多可供選擇的人或物中擇優(yōu)選擇的意思。（2013 天水高二質(zhì)檢 ）In this school , the students have three courses andseven co

3、urses.A. required ; alternative B. requiring ; alternative C. require ; alternate D. require ; alternative2. starvation n .挨餓；餓死Did they suffer from cold , starvation or disease（ 教材 P37）他們?cè)馐芎?，饑餓或疾病 嗎There are many people suffering from starvation in the world at present.現(xiàn)在，世界上仍然有許多人在挨餓。starve vt .&

4、 vi.（使）餓死；渴望 starve.to death 使餓死starve to death 餓死 starve for sth.渴求/需要什么starve to do sth. 想要干某事 starve sth./into doing sth.斷絕食物（或資金）來源以迫使某人做某事3. It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested inarchaeology.（教材P38）很高興見到你們這些來自英國(guó)的且對(duì)考古學(xué)感興趣的學(xué)生。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞stu

5、dents ;主句部分It is a greatpleasure to meet you students from England ,是一個(gè)以it作形式主語的句子，真正的主語是 to meet you students from England 。It is very important for us to learn English well.對(duì)我們來說學(xué)好英語非常重要。it作形式主語的句型有：It +be+n./ adj.+v.ing 結(jié)構(gòu) It + be+n./adj. + （for sb.）to do sth.It +be+n./ adj. + of do sth. It +be+n

6、./ adj. + that.【提示】在此句型中表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的形容詞是wise , clever , stupid , foolish , kind ,nice , good, rude , cruel等時(shí)，介詞 of不能換成for。此句型也可以轉(zhuǎn)換成 sb. + be + adj. + to do sth.。She was foolish to waste money on such clothes.她彳艮愚蠢花錢買這種衣服。4. interrupt v .打斷；中斷；插嘴Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here（ 講t）

7、，請(qǐng)問他們?cè)趺茨軌蜃≡谶@個(gè)地方呢Dont interrupt the speaker ; ask questions afterwards.后再問問題。CD interruptionn.中斷； 阻斷物 without interruptioninterruptive adj.阻礙的；打擾的I managed to work for two hours without errupt/disturbinterrup t突然中斷、打斷他人言語或行為，使其不能繼續(xù)。disturb較正式用詞，多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。指擾亂，使人不能平靜或妨礙別人工作、思維或正 常秩序。Youd b

8、etter not interrupt is sleeping.5. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless ofthe cold.（教材 P38）因此我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧嚴(yán)寒，就住在這些洞穴里。（1）assume v .假定；假想；以為；假裝；裝作；擔(dān)任；承擔(dān)I had assumed him to be a Belgian.我本以為他是比利時(shí)人。Dont always assume the worst.別總往最壞處想。assume sb./ be. 假定/假設(shè)某人/某事為 I

9、t is assumed that. 被認(rèn)為（2）assumption n.假定；設(shè)想 make an assumption 認(rèn)為，假定 on the assumption that.assuming that 假設(shè)/假定This is the factory where his father worked last year.這是去年他父親工作的那家工It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍認(rèn)為壓力來自于過多的工作。assume/guess/imagineassume假設(shè)；設(shè)想；認(rèn)為。指很少或完全無根據(jù)

10、的心理推測(cè)，并非合乎邏輯的推理，或 指為論證而提出有一定根據(jù)的假設(shè)。guess猜測(cè)；猜想。最常用詞，指毫無根據(jù)僅憑個(gè)人主觀臆斷或碰運(yùn)氣的猜測(cè)。imagine想象。指毫無根據(jù)隨意想象，可在腦海中構(gòu)成明確的、清晰的圖像。Im sorry I couldnt guess who you were on the telephone.對(duì)不起，我在電話里聽不出你是誰。用assume/guess/imagine 的適當(dāng)形式填空（2）regardless of 不管；不顧They rebuilt the house regardless of cost.他們不惜成本重建了 那所房子。He went to th

11、e rescue of a drowning child regardless of his personal safety他把個(gè) 人安危置之度外去救一個(gè)溺水兒童。regardless of/despite/in spite of這三個(gè)短語都可以表示“不管，不 顧”，但是用法/、同。regardless of不管；不顧；不理會(huì)。一般用語。despite雖然；盡管；不顧。語氣較弱，多用于詩歌或正式 的文體中。in spite of雖然，盡管；不顧。多用于書面語，語氣較重?！咎崾尽縭egardless , despite , in spite of后不能直接跟從句，但可以接the fact tha

12、t.。6. Weve discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires.（教材 P38）我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在洞穴的中央有生火用的火爐。(1) 這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。weve discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves是主句部分，where引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，修飾先行詞the caves ,并在定語從句中作狀語。(2)where引導(dǎo)定語從句，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，其先行詞一般是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，相當(dāng) 于介詞+ which。Is there a shop around w

13、here(in which) we can get fruit附近有我們能買至 U水果的商店嗎【提示】where在從句中只能充當(dāng)狀語，如果不是作狀語，就要換用that或which。This is the factory （which/that） we visited yesterday.這是我們昨天參觀的那家工廠。（2013 d匕京高考 ）Many countries are now setting up national parks animals andplants can be protected.A. whenB. whichC. whoseD. where7. It seems th

14、at they used the sharpened stone tools to cut_up animals and remove their skin.（教材 P38）看樣子他們可能是用磨尖的石器來切割野獸并剝皮。(1)sharpen vi.& vt.使尖銳；使急劇；變尖銳，變急劇The walk has sharpened my appetite.散步增加了我的食欲。sharp adj.鋒利的；急劇的；敏銳的；尖刻的 sharpener sharpen sth. up使達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；使符合質(zhì)量要求Be careful with that knife its very sharp.He de

15、cided to come here at two oclock sharp.-en是后綴，en-是前綴。有些名詞、形容詞前或后加上該詞輟后可構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞，得有”,如： hearten , strengthen , darken , hardenn.磨具；削具當(dāng)心那把刀子一一它很鋒利。他決定兩點(diǎn)整來這兒。表示“變?yōu)椤薄ⅰ笆褂小?、“變得”、“變weaken, ripen , soften , enrich , enlarge等。一些物質(zhì)名詞之后加上該詞綴后可構(gòu)成形容詞，表示由制作的， 如：wooden, woolen , golden 。(2)cut up 切碎；剪碎；用刀等把某物切成小塊；摧毀，粉

16、碎；使傷心；使悲痛He has to have his food cut up for him.他得讓人替他把食物切碎。cut across抄近路；徑直穿過cut away 切掉；剪掉 cut down 砍倒；殺死；消減，縮短cut in 插嘴；突然插入cut into halves/pieces切成兩半/碎塊cut out 切掉；刪掉 cut through將,鑿穿；抄近道 cut off 切掉；砍掉；從上截下I wish Jane would stop cutting in on our conversation.我希望簡(jiǎn)不要打斷我們的談話。8. ample adj.足夠的；充足的；富裕的

17、；大的；寬敞的After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin.(教材 F38),然后,常）重要他們可能在獸皮上邊擦上大量的鹽We have ample money for the journey.我們用于度假的錢很充裕。9.as_the botanical analyses have_shown us, all the fields around here used to bepart of a large shallow lake.（教材 P39）正如植物學(xué)分析結(jié)果所顯示的那樣，這兒四周曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)很大的淺水湖。句

18、中as引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作賓語，指后面句子的內(nèi)容。The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know.太平洋是最大的洋，這一點(diǎn)我們都知道。（正如我們所知道的，太平洋是最大的洋。）be of no significance 無意義 / 不重要significantadj.重大的；重要的；顯著的地；明顯地；有某種意義of +抽象名詞相當(dāng)于抽象名詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞，即：be of importance = be important be of use2. somehow adv.不知怎么地；以某種方式Somehow he cycled th

19、irty miles to .（教材不知怎么地，他騎車30英里去了布萊克醫(yī)生家be of little significance不太重要（Dsignificantly adv.有重大意義地；顯著be of significance = be significant , 如=be useful be of value = be valuableF4g）的重要性/含義 be of （great） significance 有（重大）意義/（非as/whichas與which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別as的用法在從句中通常作主語指代整個(gè)主句；表示的意思是正如，正像；其引導(dǎo)的定語從句既可以放在主句

20、之前也 可以放在主句之后。which的用法關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語或賓語，指代 人或物。當(dāng)指代整個(gè)主句時(shí)表示的意思是主句和從 句之間是因果關(guān)系即因?yàn)樗浴Ｆ湟龑?dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。As we expected , we won the game.我們贏了，這一點(diǎn)在我們預(yù)料之中。（正如我們預(yù)料的一樣，我們贏了。）As is known to all , he is the best student in our class.眾所周知，他是我們班上最好的學(xué)生。（2013 山東高考 ）There is no simple answer , is often the case in s

21、cience.A . as B . that C . when D . Where1. significance n .意義；意思；重要性；重要意義The significance for college students of doing a part-time job means more than money.大學(xué)生打工的意義不僅在于錢。the significance of.Somehow I dont feel I can trust him.不知什么原因，我覺得我不能信任他。Well get there somehow.我們得設(shè)法到那里。【提示】副詞somehow可置于句首、句中或

22、句末。置于句首及句末時(shí)，也可與主句之間用逗號(hào)隔開。someway= somehow以某種方式；不知怎么地somewhat adv.稍微；有點(diǎn)兒anyhow= anyway無論如何；盡管，即使這樣（2013 -泰州高二檢測(cè)）Im sorry I didnt recognize you just look different.A. somewhatB. somehow C . anyhow D . anyway3. be fed up with受夠了，飽受，厭煩Well , Im fed up with all the attention.（教材 P41）噢，我厭煩了所有的關(guān)注，Im fed up

23、 with the job. 我對(duì)這份工作極其厭煩。feed back 反應(yīng)；反饋 feed sb./ sth. 用喂養(yǎng)feed sb./sth. 喂給 feed on sth.（ 動(dòng)物）以為食，靠活live on sth.（ 人）以為主食；靠生活表示“對(duì)厭倦”的短語有：be tired of be bored with1. If only it could be just like last year!（教材 P43）要是能像去年那樣就好了 ！if only要是就好了，引導(dǎo)感嘆句或狀語從句，動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣，表示愿望或未實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件。【提示】if only要是就好了；但愿”。 if only后的

24、句子常用虛擬語氣，表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的愿望或遺憾。if only所在的句子可以用一般過去時(shí)（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)可能相反 ）、過去將來 時(shí)（表示與將來事實(shí)可能相反）或過去完成時(shí)（表示與過去事實(shí)相反）。if only/only ifif only“但愿，要是就好了”，引導(dǎo)感嘆句或狀語從句，動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣，表示愿 望或未實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件。only if“只有才，直到才”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，不用虛擬語氣，其中的only表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。因?yàn)闋钫Z從句放在句首，又用only強(qiáng)調(diào)，所以主句主、謂語要倒裝。If only she would pass the examination!但愿她考試能及格!Only if you study

25、hard can you pass the examination.你只有努力學(xué)習(xí), 才能通過考試。2. applaud vi.& vt. 鼓掌歡迎；贊賞She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice.（教材 P43）當(dāng)族人為他的選擇歡呼鼓掌的時(shí)候，她覺得非常自豪。applaud sb./sth.（for sth.）（因某事 ）贊賞某人/某事 applause n.鼓掌；喝彩；夸獎(jiǎng)；贊揚(yáng)3. look ahead向前看；為將來打算If only she had looked ahead and pl

26、anned better this year!（教材 P43） 她今年要是早有預(yù)見，計(jì)劃得更好些就好了！look around/round 仔細(xì)查看；尋找 look back 回顧；回想 look down upon/on 歧視；看不 起look forward to 希望；盼望 look on把某人看做（或當(dāng)做）look into 調(diào)查，審查look out 當(dāng)心；注意 look through 瀏覽；仔細(xì)看 look up 好轉(zhuǎn)，有起色；向上看；查 找look up and down上下打量4. accelerate vi.& vt. 加速；促進(jìn)Having heard wolves ho

27、wling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path tothe caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.（教材 P43）聽見狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，擔(dān)心會(huì)有野獸在等著她。acceleration n. U加速；促進(jìn)The figures show an acceleration in the rate of economic growth.這些數(shù)字顯示了 經(jīng)accelerate vi . & vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度或事情

28、進(jìn)展的加快，但并不一定只用于速度。hurry n. & vt. & vi.強(qiáng)調(diào)造成混亂、妨礙精神集中的匆忙活動(dòng)。quicken vt. & vi .強(qiáng)調(diào)所需時(shí)間的縮短，并含有“激發(fā)、刺激”的意思。accelerate/hurry/quicken/speed濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率的加速。speed n. & vt.& vi .強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)動(dòng)或進(jìn)展的快速，作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“加速”；作不及物 動(dòng)詞時(shí)，作“高速行駛，高速前進(jìn)”講。(2013 開B臺(tái)高二檢硬U )As is well known, peasants often use special chemicals to the growth of crops.A.

29、 improveB. increase C . promote D . accelerate5. She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.( 教材P43)快到達(dá)目的地的時(shí)候，一陣香氣撲鼻，她不往前走了，停了下來。(1)when作為并列連詞，常常意為“在這時(shí):強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的突發(fā)性。We had just fallen asleep when the bell rang.我們剛剛?cè)胨蝗烩徛曧懥似饋?。be doingwhen.正在做時(shí)突然 b

30、e about to dowhen正要做時(shí)突然be just going to do.when. 正要這時(shí) had just done.when. 剛剛突然be on the point of doing.when.正要這時(shí)I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door.我正在看電視，就在那時(shí)有人敲門。(2)arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引；阻止；中止 n .逮捕；拘留The police were called in , but they could not arrest anyone.警察被叫來了,但他們不能逮捕任何人。arrest 因而逮捕某人get arrested 遭逮捕 arrest ones attention弓I起某人注意under arrest 在關(guān)押中make an arrest 進(jìn)行拘捕6. Abruptly she sat down , only to_be_scooped up_by_her_laughing, shouting sister,L