高三語法專練動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)

1、 高三語法專練動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)1.定義 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是謂語動(dòng)詞用來表示動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式。2.種類 英語動(dòng)詞有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，常用的有八種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)。 以動(dòng)詞write為例，時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式如下：式時(shí) 一 般進(jìn) 行完 成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在writewrites 過去 將來過去將來3.特點(diǎn)1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1. He often _to see his grandfather.A. going B. to go C. has gone D. goes2. China _ a great country.A. is B.

2、was C. are D. had been3. I _ a teacher while you _ students. A. am; were B. was ; are C. am ; are D. has been; have been表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，且常與often, usually, sometimes, every day表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。1. Light energy _ from the sun.A. is coming B. came C. has come D. comes2. The geography

3、teacher told us the earth _around the sun.A. moved B. moves C. has moved D. is being moved3. It never _ here in winter.A. snow B. snows C. has snows D. has snowed表示客觀事實(shí)或普通真理（不受時(shí)態(tài)限制）1. All the students here _ No.4 Middle School. A. is belonging to B. belonged to C. belong to D. to belong to2. The sur

4、face of the table _ smooth enough.A. isnt felt B. doesnt feel C. isnt feeling D. hasnt felt3. A mother who _ her son will do everything for his happiness.A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belo

5、ng to、 seem等。1. He will come to call on you the moment he _ his work.A. will finish B. finishes C. had finished D. finished2. Once you _ used to the weather here, you _ this place.A. had got; probably liked B. will get; probably like C. get; probably D. get; will probably like3. I will go to see you

6、 if I _ my work.A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. had finished4. Even though we _, we _ stop trying.A. fail; wont B. will fail; wont C. fail; dont D. will fail; dont在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。注意：1) If you _ here a minute, the manager will be in a moment.A. are waiting B. are going to wait

7、C. wait D. will wait2) 如果你愿意接受并參加我們的舞會(huì)，我的家人會(huì)非常高興。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)1. The train _ at 4 p.m.A. leaving B. leaves C. to leave D. has left2. The shop _at 11:00 p.m. every day.A. closes B. closed C. is

8、 closing D. has closed3. Tomorrow _ Wednesday.A. will be B. is going to C. are D. is少數(shù)用于表示起止的動(dòng)詞如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。當(dāng)be表示根據(jù)時(shí)間或事先安排，肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. Now he _ a book about a hero. I dont suppose he will finish it soo

9、n.A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing2. Look, how fast he _!A. running B. is running C. ran D. runs表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。1. I_ a lot more time on English than before.A. has been spending B. am spending C. spent D. had spent2. - _ Mr. Brown _ this week?- No. He is on holiday. A. Has; worked B. Does;

10、work C. Did; work D. Is working 表示現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行而說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。1. Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I _ my mum.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken2. Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down3.

11、My uncle_ this evening. Ill meet him at the airport.A. is coming B. comes C. has come D. came表示按計(jì)劃安排就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，go, come , leave, arrive, start, begin, return, fly等起止動(dòng)作可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)1. He _ of how he can do more for others.A. is always thinking B. always thinks C. is always thought D. always was thinking2.

12、I cant stand him. He _ his mind.A. was constantly changing B. is constantly changing C. constantly change D. constantly changing表示一種經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣行為。常和副詞如：always，constantly，continually等連用，往往帶有討厭、贊嘆等感情色彩。1. He _ to understand that he did wrong to his sister.A. begin B. has been begun C. will begin D. is begin

13、ning2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is not easy because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change3. The weather _warmer and warmer when spring comesA. was getting B. is getting C. got D. has got表示發(fā)展中或正在改變的情況。 改錯(cuò)：1I am loving my hometown. I

14、t is getting more and more beautiful.2He is hearing that there will be a party in the hall.下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。（A）表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。 （B）表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on。 （C）表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow, accept,

15、permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written2. With the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all dir

16、ections in the past five years.A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread3. How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long.A. had been B. was C. will be D. has been4. I _ the bad cold for a week and still cant get rid of it.A. have had B. had caught C. have caught D. caught 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表

17、示過去已開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。往往和表示“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用。這些狀語有： recently(lately),up to (till) now, so far ,in (for) the past（last) few years, for three years.1)-Are any of the guests here?- Yes, two people _.A. arrived already B. already arrive C. have already arrived D. are already arrived2. The evening pa

18、rty _. You are a little late.A. just begun B. just has begun C. has just begun D. has begun just now現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表達(dá)的事情雖然發(fā)生在過去，但著重說明這件事在目前的結(jié)果及對現(xiàn)在的影響。往往和already, yet, just , never, ever等時(shí)間狀語連用，1. Since liberation great changes _ in my hometown.A. took place B. have been taken place C. have taken place D. are

19、 taken place2. He _ in this company since he graduated from Hunan University in 1998.A. worked B. has been worked C. is working D. has worked3. His grandfather _ for two years.A. was dead B. died C. has been dead D. has died由since，for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語，通常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。1. Once you _ a promise, you must carry it out.

20、A. have made B. made C. is making D. had made2. Dont get off the bus until it _.A. stopped B. will stop C. had stopped D. has stopped 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用于時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中代替將來完成時(shí)。1._ six years since we began studying English.A. There are B. It was C. It have D. It has been2. Its the third time you _ late for school thi

21、s week.A. have been B. had been C. are D. were3. They _ the Summer Palace three times.A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have gone into4. Thats the only book that he _ .A. had written B. has written C. was writing D. write5.What do you think of this film?-This is the best one I _ .A.

22、 saw B. had ever seen C. will see D. have ever seen下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)It is (has been) + 一段時(shí)間 + since從句 (過去時(shí))This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This(That / It)is the only + that + 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 從句 + 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例如：我入團(tuán)已經(jīng)5年了。1） I have been a Leag

23、ue member for 5 years.2） It's / have been five years since I joined the League.3） I joined the League 5 years ago.4） I have been a League member since 5 years ago.4）一般過去時(shí)1. Once upon a time there _ an old man called John in the small village.A. lives B. lived C. living D. to live 2. I _ an old f

24、riend of mine in the street the other day.A. meet B. has met C. met D. had met一般過去時(shí)所表示的行為或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，即現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在。常常和表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用：yesterday，just now，last night，a few days(months)ago，in 1990，the other day等等。1. He _ go to work on footA. was B. is C. is used to D. used to2. When evening came，we_ sit on the

25、grass，chatting happilyA. are B. would C. were D. have been一般過去時(shí)在表達(dá)過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作時(shí)，可以用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to，would等表示。1The man went to town, _ some fruit and visited his old friends.A. bought B. had bought C. buys D. buying2. He bought a watch but_ it.A. lose B. had lost C. has lost D. lost表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時(shí)

26、。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。1.- You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda, Do you like it?-Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事。1Oh! Its you. I

27、_ you were here.A. dont know B. hadnt known C. didnt know D. havent known2. - Youve agreed to go. So why arent you getting ready? - But I _ that you would have me start at once.A. dont realize B. didnt realize C. hadnt realized D. havent realized3. I _the film would be interesting, but it isnt.A. th

28、ought B. think C. have thought D. would think5）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1. What _ you _ this time yesterday? A. were, doing B. are, doing C. have, done D. had, done2. - Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He _ it this morning.A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done3. - Sorry to have interrupted y

29、ou. Please go on. - Where was I ? - You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying4. - Bob, you are so absent-minded. - Oh, Im sorry. I _attention to you, Miss Green.A. havent paid B. wasnt paying C. am not paying D. couldnt have paid過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生

30、或頻繁發(fā)生。與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語常用： at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。 1. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel2. - You were out when I dropped in at your house. - Oh, I _ for a friend fr

31、om England at the airport.A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited3. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell; was riding B. fell; were riding C.had fallen; rode D.had fallen; was riding某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，其中一個(gè)在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中6）過去完成時(shí)1. By the end of last year,

32、we_ 20,000 cars. A. have produced B. had produced C. produced D. would produce2. The train _when we reached the station. A. had left B. is leaving C. have left D. leaves to you.3. He was very sorry for what he _A. has said B. had said C. was saying D. would say4. She did not go to the cinema because

33、 she _ the film before.A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. was going to see5. She said that she _ in that country since 1988.A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常有by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since等時(shí)間狀語。1. I _ to come, but I was too busy.A. have meant B. mean

34、C. would mean D. had meant表示曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/thought / wanted /wished/ expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done。1. No sooner _ we _ than the bus started.A. have; been seated B. had; been seated C. was; seated D. will; be seated2. He _ hardl

35、y _ the station when the train _.A. had; entered; had left B. /; entered; left C. have; entered; left D. had; entered; left表示“一就”的幾個(gè)句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過去時(shí)。 注意：在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)代替過去完成時(shí)。1）After he (had) left the room, the boss came

36、in.2）We arrived home before it snowed.7）一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，其表達(dá)方式有如下幾種：1He_ to meet you at the stationA. to come B. had come C. will come D. coming 2. We_ without air or water.A. will die B. die C. died D. have died3. Dont get that ink on your shirt, for it _.A. wont wash out B. wasnt wash

37、ed out C. wont be washing out D. hasnt washed out4. - Sorry , I forgot to post the letter for you. - Never mind. I _ it myself.A. post B. will post C. am going to post D. is posting(1)will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形表示未來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。表示未事先考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的決定。1. What _you _ do after the class?A. are; going to B. sh

38、all; / C. will; to D. do; to2. Look at these clouds. _.A. Itll rain B. Its going to rain. C. Itll be raining D. Its to rain(2)be going to+動(dòng)詞原形打算、準(zhǔn)備在最近或?qū)磉M(jìn)行某事。 現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生的某種情況1. You _ back by nine oclock.A. are B. are to be C. will D. shall2. These books _taken out of the roomA. will not B. ar

39、e not going to C. arent been D. arent to be(3) be to+動(dòng)詞原形表示按計(jì)劃、安排要發(fā)生的事。 用于正式的指示、命令或禁止。1. Look! The race_ startA. is about to B. is about C. is D. was2. We _ leave.A. are going B. are C. are about to D. will be(4)be about to+動(dòng)詞原形 be about to結(jié)構(gòu)與be to結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別在于前者是表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，即說話時(shí)與動(dòng)作發(fā)生相隔的時(shí)間更短。它不可帶表示將來的時(shí)間狀語。8

40、）過去將來時(shí)1. He said he _ help me if I was in trouble.A. will B. would C. is D. was 2. When we _ leave for the church, it began to rain.A. were to B. were about to C. would go to D. could be able to過去將來時(shí)表示過去看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。其表達(dá)方式一般為在一般將來時(shí)的表達(dá)方式的基礎(chǔ)上，將時(shí)態(tài)改為過去式參照一般將來時(shí)對比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.;

41、come、go、leave等過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表過去將來。 補(bǔ)充：1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)We _for the bus half an hour, but it hasnt come yet.A. have been waiting B. have waited C. are waiting D. have been waited表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比更強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在進(jìn)行”2. 將來完成時(shí)We _ our work by 8 oclock tomorr

42、ow.A. will finish B. have finished C. will have finished D. had finished表示從現(xiàn)在看來，到將來某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。常與by連用。語 態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)（ active voice ）主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Peter cleans the room every day. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)（ passive voice ）主語是動(dòng)作的承受者（只有 Vt才有被動(dòng)）The room is cleaned every day （by Peter）被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞：be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 (口語中也用get / become + 過去分詞表示。)以do為

43、例，被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成如下：式時(shí) 一 般進(jìn) 行完 成現(xiàn)在amis doneare amis being doneare has have been done過去waswere done waswere being donehad been done將來 shall be done will過去將來shouldwould be done (1)主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)：1My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I wa

44、s given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語的變化,可將其中一個(gè)賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，另一個(gè)賓語保留不動(dòng)。2The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)（位置不變）；（作補(bǔ)語的）不定式前需加to。3You should pay attention to your pronunciation and spelling.Your pronunciation and sp

45、elling should be paid attention to.4. She took good care of the children.The children were taken good care of (by her).短語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。5. You had better not do the job again. The job had better not be done again.6. The worker used not to clean the garden. The garden used not to be cleaned./ didnt

46、 use to be cleaned.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)，只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞。7. People say he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.8. People know paper was made in China first.Paper is known to have been made in China first.I

47、t is known that paper was made in China first.當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式：（A）謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。（B）用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示。類似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that (2）不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況1. The story _ in the city.A. took place B. was taken place C. was happened D. had been taken place2. The meeting _ two hours.A. was lasted B. has been lasted C. lasted D. is lasting3. This car _ my brother.A. is belonged to B. belong to C. is belong to D. belongs to4. He _ English.A.