20年考研英語真習(xí)題超綱詞匯大集合

1、20年考研英語真題超綱詞匯大集合abreast ad并肩地，并排地Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast (ad.) of jobs in a particular database；when you get e-mail，consider it a reminder to check the database again2004年閱讀譯文相反，最佳的策略是把代理當(dāng)作一種提示服務(wù)來及時(shí)跟蹤某一資料庫里的工作崗位信息；當(dāng)你收到電子郵件時(shí)，你就把官當(dāng)作一種提醒再去

2、查一查資料庫。advisory a顧問的，咨詢的，勸告的That groupthe National Bioethics Advisory(a.) Commission(NBAC)has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper，and at a meeting on 17 May，members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations1999年閱讀譯文這個(gè)名為“全國生物倫理道德顧問委員會(huì)”(NBAC)的小組一直在非常積極的工作，并將其意見寫成報(bào)告；在5月17日的一次

3、會(huì)議上，委員們就接近定稿的意見書取得了一致意見。affinity n密切關(guān)系，吸引力While history once revered its affinity (n.) to literature and philosophy，the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. 1999年翻譯譯文當(dāng)歷史學(xué)曾經(jīng)重視其與文學(xué)和哲

4、學(xué)的密切關(guān)系時(shí)，新興的社會(huì)科學(xué)似乎提供了更多探求新問題的機(jī)會(huì)，并且為了解過去提供了有價(jià)值的研究方法。allegation n主張，斷言，辯解Hearing allegations (n.) of cruelty to animals in research settings，many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm all animal2003年閱讀譯文當(dāng)人們聽到醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)虐待動(dòng)物的指控時(shí)，許多人都不明白為什么有人會(huì)故意傷害動(dòng)物。apprehensive a有理解力的；憂慮的，擔(dān)心的What is many captive sh

5、ippersattitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?DApprehensive (n)2003年閱讀譯文許多受控制的托運(yùn)人對(duì)鐵路部門的合并是什么態(tài)度?D擔(dān)心。arbiter n仲裁者，主宰者“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters (n.) of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici. a Washington lawyer who frequently represents

6、shipper2003年閱讀譯文“我們是否真地想讓鐵路公司成為在市場上決定誰敗誰榮的裁決者呢?”馬丁貝科維奇問道，他是一位常常代表鐵路客戶的華盛頓律師。authorize v批準(zhǔn)We can learn from the first paragraph that_CNBAC was authorized(v)to control the misuse of cloning technique1999年閱讀譯文從第一段我們可以了解到_。CNBAC被授權(quán)控制克隆技術(shù)的濫用backbone n脊椎，骨干，毅力In other words，there is a conventional story l

7、ine in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone(n)and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news2001年閱讀譯文換言之，在媒介機(jī)構(gòu)的新聞采編室文化中存在著一套約定俗成的寫作模式，為紛繁復(fù)雜的新聞報(bào)道提供了一個(gè)主=F框架和一個(gè)現(xiàn)成的故事敘述結(jié)構(gòu)。bellyful n滿腹，滿肚子，過量Ralph Waldo Emerson and other transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rig

8、orous book learning put unnatural restraints on children：“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful (n) of words and do not know a thing”2004年閱讀譯文拉爾夫瓦爾多愛默生和其他一些先驗(yàn)主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)限制了孩子們的天性，“我們被關(guān)在中小學(xué)和大學(xué)的朗誦室里十年或十五年，最后出來滿肚子墨水，卻啥都不懂。

9、”beneficence n慈善，捐贈(zèng)物Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence (n) of technological advance1996年閱讀譯文美國人紛紛涌向這些集市和博覽會(huì)去欣賞新機(jī)械，因而更加堅(jiān)信技術(shù)進(jìn)步會(huì)造福人類。bidding n命令；出價(jià)，投標(biāo)Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought

10、that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding (n)so fascinating1998年閱讀譯文可能正是因?yàn)槿祟愰L期遭受旱澇災(zāi)害的擺布才使得讓水聽從人的調(diào)遣如此令人癡迷。bombard vt炮轟，攻擊At the same time，the American Law Institutea group of judges，lawyers，and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weightissued new guidelines for tort l

11、aw stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard (vt.) them with a lengthy list of possible ones1999年閱讀譯文與此同時(shí)，美國法學(xué)會(huì)一該學(xué)會(huì)由一群舉足輕重的法官、律師、學(xué)者所組成一簽署了新的民事侵害法綱要，宣布公司不必警示顧客那些顯而易見的危險(xiǎn)，或者給顧客列出一份冗長的可能造成的危險(xiǎn)的清單。breakthrough n突破Through his research，Pearson is ahle to put dates to most

12、of the breakthroughs(n.) that can be predicted2001年翻譯譯文通過研究，皮爾森能夠指出大多數(shù)可預(yù)言的突破的時(shí)日。broker n經(jīng)紀(jì)人"Instead of 20 to 30 offersnow maybe you only get two or three，"says John Deadly，a Bay Area real-estate broker(n)2004年閱讀譯文海灣地區(qū)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人約翰梯爾迪說：“已經(jīng)賣出二十到三十套，剩下的可能只有兩三套了?！眀yproduct n副產(chǎn)品By the late 1970s，neu

13、rologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”the random byproducts (n.) of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep2005年閱讀譯文到了20世紀(jì)70年代，神經(jīng)學(xué)專家又轉(zhuǎn)而把夢視作“精神上的雜音”一睡夢中神經(jīng)修復(fù)工作的隨機(jī)性副產(chǎn)品。capuchin n. (猴子的一種)僧帽猴However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins (

14、n.) and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 2005年閱讀譯文但是，這種憤憤不平之心是人類和猴子獨(dú)立地進(jìn)化出來的，還是他們?nèi)灏偃f年前從老祖先那遺傳來的，這一問題尚沒有定論。carefree a無憂無慮的，輕松愉快的How do the public feel about tile current economic situation?CCarefree (a

15、)2004年閱讀譯文公眾覺得目前經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢如何?C無憂無慮。cataract n大瀑布；白內(nèi)障Failing hips can be replaced，clinical depression controlled，cataracts (n) removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure2003年閱讀譯文髖骨不行了可以更換，臨床的憂郁癥得到了控制，白內(nèi)障僅用30分鐘手術(shù)便可以切除。centerpiece n中心The centerpiece (n.) of the argument of a technology-yes，genius-no advocate

16、was an analysis of Gialileo's role at the start of the scientific revolution1994年翻譯譯文這場擁護(hù)“肯定技術(shù)否定天才”的爭論的中心是對(duì)伽利略在科技革命初期的作用的分析。charitable a仁慈的，(為)慈善事業(yè)的，寬恕的Today there are many charitable(a.) organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler1997年閱讀譯文如今，有了很多的慈善組織專門幫助疲勞的旅行者。chunk n大塊Russian

17、s have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks (n.) of memorized poetry in their heads，while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English speakers.2005年閱讀譯文俄羅斯人深愛著他們自己的語言，并在他們的腦海中存儲(chǔ)了大量詩歌，而意大利的政客們卻更傾向于精心準(zhǔn)備的演講，這在大多數(shù)講英語的人們眼里已經(jīng)過時(shí)。citizenry n公民或市民

18、(集合稱)If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry(n.) will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress2003年閱讀譯文如果好人無所作為，一群不明真相的公眾真地有可能撲滅醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步的寶貴火種。collectivism n集體主義It was moreover a step away from individual initiative，towards collectivism (n.) and munici

19、pal and state-owned business1996年閱讀譯文而且這也是公司擺脫個(gè)體創(chuàng)造，走向集體化和向市營、國營邁出的一步。commitment n承諾，責(zé)任(38：On the contrary)they can help students acquire a sense of commitment (n.) by (39：planning)for roles that are within their (40：capability) and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules2003年完形譯文正相反

20、，成年人可以通過計(jì)劃青少年能所參與的活動(dòng)以及清晰表述規(guī)則來幫助他們樹立責(zé)任感。compassionate a有同情心的Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate (a)，understandable way-in human termsnot in the language of molecular biology2003年閱讀譯文科學(xué)家必須把他們的意思傳達(dá)給公眾，并且要使用富有感情和通俗易懂的語言，即用通俗的語言，而不是使用分子生物學(xué)的語言。compulsion n強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)制That c

21、ompulsion (n.) has resulted in robotics-the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines2002年閱讀譯文這種不得已的行為導(dǎo)致了機(jī)器人科學(xué)的產(chǎn)生?一門將人類的能力賦予機(jī)器的科學(xué)。connotation n含蓄，內(nèi)涵Nevertheless，the word“amateur”does carry a connotation (n.) that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific com

22、munity and，in particular，may not fully share its values2001年閱讀譯文但是“業(yè)余”這個(gè)詞的確具有特殊的含義，那就是所指的那個(gè)人沒有完全融入某個(gè)科學(xué)家群體，具體地說，他可能并不完全認(rèn)同這個(gè)群體的價(jià)值觀。conclusive a確實(shí)的；最后的，決定性的The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle，and so is not conclus

23、ive(a.) evidence of a revival in the underlying trend1998年閱讀譯文問題在于，近年發(fā)生的生產(chǎn)力快速增長部分是由于商業(yè)周期通常到了這時(shí)候就會(huì)出現(xiàn)的反彈造成的,因此，還不能作為一次確鑿的證據(jù)來證實(shí)在這一潛在的趨勢背后會(huì)出現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的跡象。conformity n一致，符合Nor, if regularity and conformity(n.) to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to

24、 refleet，is management to be blamed for discriminating against the“odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who“work well with the team”1999年閱讀譯文如果像他們的論文所反映的那樣，科學(xué)家也想看到規(guī)律性和與某種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式的一致性，那么如果管理人員歧視研究人員中的“標(biāo)新立異者”，而贊賞“擅長團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作”的具有傳統(tǒng)思維模式的人，那也是無可指責(zé)的。cosmos n宇宙The existence of the gia

25、nt clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang，first put forward in the 1920s，to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos(n.)1998年翻譯譯文巨大的宇宙云的存在，實(shí)際上是使20年代首創(chuàng)的大爆炸論得以處于其宇宙起源論的主導(dǎo)地位所不可缺少的。corporate a共同的，全體的Everywhere you go in America，you hear tales of corporate(a)revival1998年閱讀譯文在美

26、國，無論你走到哪里都會(huì)聽到企業(yè)復(fù)蘇的故事。cortex n(植物的)皮層，樹皮，(腦或腎的)皮層，皮質(zhì)But not all parts of the brain are equally involved；the limbic system(the“emotional brain”)is especially active，while the prefrontal cortex (n.) (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet2005年閱讀譯文但并不是所有大腦的部位都參與活動(dòng)；控制情緒的大腦部位異?；钴S，然而控制智

27、力和理性的大腦部位卻相對(duì)平靜。courteous a有禮貌的，謙恭的It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteons(a)convention and individual interest1997年閱讀譯文要想正確區(qū)分禮貌是出于文化習(xí)俗還是個(gè)人興趣，單憑一次公共汽車上的邂逅是不夠的。counterbalance vt使平均，使平衡，彌補(bǔ)；n平衡，勢均力敵Razitchs latest book，Left Back：A Century of Failed School Reforms，t

28、races the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools，concluding they are anything but a counterbalance (n.) to the American distaste for intellectual pursuitsBut they could and should be2004年閱讀譯文萊維西最新著作回顧：一百年來學(xué)校改革的失敗探索學(xué)校里反學(xué)識(shí)傾向的根源，書中的結(jié)論是：學(xué)校根本未能制衡美國人對(duì)學(xué)識(shí)追求的厭惡，但學(xué)校是能夠并應(yīng)該做到這一點(diǎn)的。counteract v抵抗；抵制；消除，抵消“I

29、f we can understand how cancer works，we can counteract (v) its action”1994年閱讀譯文“如果我們能弄清癌癥的活動(dòng)規(guī)律，我們就能采取相應(yīng)的措施?！眂overage n新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)(范圍)；保險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目They are brought sport，comedy，drama，music，news and current affairs，education，religion，parliamentary coverage(n)，childrens programmes and films for an annual licence fee

30、of 83 per household1996年閱讀譯文每戶每年交83英鎊的使用費(fèi)便可收看體育、喜劇、戲劇、音樂、新聞時(shí)事、教育、宗教、議會(huì)報(bào)道、兒童節(jié)目及電影。credibility n可信性Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility(n)project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers2001年閱讀譯文然后它又出資組織研討會(huì)和可信度調(diào)查項(xiàng)目，去探究為什么顧客們惱火了，為什么會(huì)有那么多人逃避新聞。criter

31、ia n標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Narrowing your criteria (n.)，for example，may work against you：“Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility”says one expert2004年閱讀譯文比如縮小你的要求條件就有可能對(duì)你不利，一位專家說：“你每回答一次問題你就喪失一次機(jī)會(huì)?！眂uff n袖口，沒有預(yù)料到的事情Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff (n.) remarks which you can deliver i

32、n a relaxed and unforced manner2002年閱讀譯文(練習(xí)幽默)包括一些很隨便的、看上去是即興的話，你可以用輕松的、不做作的方式把它們說出來。cult n宗派；崇拜；時(shí)尚But the cult (n) of the authentic and the personal，“doing our own thing，”has spelt the death of formal speech，writing，poetry and music2005年閱讀譯文然而，“做我們自己的事”這一對(duì)事物真實(shí)性和個(gè)性的崇拜信條，已經(jīng)給正式的演講、寫作、詩歌和音樂畫上了句號(hào)。custom

33、ize v定制Subscribers can customize (v) the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a companys Web site1999年閱讀譯文用戶可以定制自己想要接受的信息，然后直接進(jìn)入某個(gè)公司的網(wǎng)址。cute a可愛的，聰明的，伶俐的They look cute (a.)They are good-natured，co-operative creatures，and they share their food readily2005年閱讀譯文它們(猴子)看起來很可愛，溫順合作，總是能

34、分享食物。deception n欺騙，詭計(jì)He describes their programmes and tactics，and，for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists，the extent of their deception (n.) and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise1996年閱讀譯文他揭露了這些人的伎倆和手段，對(duì)那些不了解創(chuàng)世紀(jì)論者慣用手法的人來說，其欺騙和歪曲事實(shí)的程度會(huì)讓他們感到氣憤和吃驚。defendant n被告; a辯護(hù)的As personal i

35、njury claims continue as before，some courts are beginning to side with defendants (n.)，especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything1999年閱讀譯文盡管個(gè)人傷害的指控一如既往地繼續(xù)著，但有些法庭已開始站到被告一方，特別是在處理那些有警示語也無法避免傷害的案件時(shí)。degradation n降級(jí)，退化In his latest book，Doing Our Own Thing：The Degrad

36、ation (n.) of Language and Music and Why We Should，Like，Care，John McWhorter，a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views， see the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English2005年閱讀譯文語言學(xué)家約翰麥克沃特(John McWhorter)喜好爭論，他的觀點(diǎn)混雜著保守派與自由派的看法，在他的近

37、作做我們自己的事：語言和音樂的退化，以及為什么我們應(yīng)該喜歡或在意一書中，這位學(xué)者認(rèn)為20世紀(jì)60年代反文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的勝利要對(duì)正式英語的退化負(fù)責(zé)。delinquency n行為不良，犯法，犯罪Most theories of juvenile delinquency (n.) have focused on children from disadvantaged families，(26：ignoring)the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes2004年完形譯文大部分將少年犯罪主要?dú)w咎于貧困家庭的理論忽略了一個(gè)事實(shí)，即

38、，那些來自富裕家庭的孩子也會(huì)犯罪。demographer n人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家Moreover，demographers (n.) see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon：More and more，Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people，too1998年閱讀譯文而且，人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，向南部和向西部的不斷遷移還伴隨著一種與之相關(guān)卻又較

39、新的現(xiàn)像：越來越多的美國人顯然不再僅僅尋找有更多工作機(jī)會(huì)的地方，也在尋找人口稀少的地方。depressant a有鎮(zhèn)靜作用的；n鎮(zhèn)靜劑Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system，whereas depressants(n.) slow it down1997年閱讀譯文興奮劑主要起到加速或激活中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的作用，而鎮(zhèn)靜劑則相反：減緩它的活動(dòng)。depression n沮喪，消沉，低氣壓，低壓Failing hips can be replaced，clinical depression (n.) cont

40、rolled，cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure2003年閱讀譯文髖骨不行了可以更換，臨床的憂郁癥得到了控制，白內(nèi)障僅用30分鐘手術(shù)便可以切除。depletion n.損耗The true enemies of science，argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University，a pioneer of environmental studies，are those who question the evidence supporting global warming，the depletio

41、n (n.) of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth1998年閱讀譯文環(huán)境研究的先驅(qū)者、斯坦福大學(xué)的保羅埃利希反駁說，科學(xué)真正的敵人是那些對(duì)工業(yè)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致全球變暖、臭氧層逐漸損耗以及其他后果的證據(jù)提出質(zhì)疑的人。determinism n決定論Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages，Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic det

42、erminism(n.)2004年翻譯譯文雖然Sapir和Whorf都強(qiáng)調(diào)語言的差異性，但是，Sapir本人從未明確支持語言決定論的觀點(diǎn)。detrimental a有害的All these are beneficial，not detrimental (a.)，to consumers2001年閱讀譯文所有這些對(duì)消費(fèi)者來說都有益而無害的。digit n從0到9的任一數(shù)字Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit (n.) inflation and global economic decline2002年閱讀譯文前兩次的油價(jià)暴漲都導(dǎo)致了兩位數(shù)的通

43、貨膨脹率和全球性的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。disparage vt蔑視With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging (vt.) remarks about their canteen or their chairman2002年閱讀譯文而對(duì)于其他聽眾，你就不能試圖貿(mào)然地講這種幽默，因?yàn)樗麄円苍S不喜歡外人對(duì)他們的餐廳或總裁有如此微詞。dispassionate a冷靜的，平心靜氣的Social science is that bran

44、ch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassionate (a.) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena2003年翻譯譯文社會(huì)科學(xué)是知識(shí)探索的一個(gè)分支，它力圖像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣，用理性的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的方式研究人類及其行為。disproportionate a不成比例的B

45、y far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate (a.) emphasis on examinations1995年閱讀譯文學(xué)校里最糟糕的競爭形式就是不恰當(dāng)?shù)貜?qiáng)調(diào)考試。downshift v. （汽車等）調(diào)低速檔；（引申義）降低生活節(jié)奏For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting (v. ) in the mid-90s is not so much a sear

46、ch for the mythical good life-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations.2001年閱讀譯文對(duì)我們這一代女性來說，整個(gè)80年代我們?cè)黄让β档厣睿?0年代中期的簡化生活與其說是尋求神話般的好生活自己種有機(jī)蔬菜并試圖與之合一倒不如說我們都認(rèn)識(shí)了自身的局限。dosage n.劑量，配，用量Doctors have used that principle in recent years to

47、 justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages(n.) will eventually kill the patient.2002年閱讀譯文近年來，醫(yī)生們一直在借用這項(xiàng)原則，為自己替病危患者注射大劑量的嗎啡鎮(zhèn)痛的做法提供正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?，盡管他們知道，不斷增加的劑量最終會(huì)殺死病人。domino n骨牌，多米諾骨牌In the US and Canada，where the right-to-die movement is gath

48、ering strength，observers are waiting for the dominoes (n.) to start failing1997年閱讀譯文在美國和加拿大，死亡權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)正在積蓄力量。觀察家們正在等待多米諾骨牌產(chǎn)生效應(yīng)。doormat n(放于門前的)擦鞋墊Luckily, if the doormat (n.) or stove failed to warn of coming disaster，a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles1999年閱讀譯文但是假如門墊或爐灶上沒有警示語告訴你

49、可能發(fā)生的危害，那么你或許可以就自己所受的傷害通過法律訴訟，成功地獲得賠償。dormant a不活躍的，靜止的，隱匿的Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant (a.) oncogene，but how remains unknown1994年閱讀譯文從宇宙射線、輻射到日常飲食，任何東西都可能激活一個(gè)處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下的致癌基因，但如何激活尚不為人知。downsize vt較小尺寸While in America the trend started as a reaction to the econo

50、mic decline?after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing (vt.) in the late80s?and is still linked to the politics of thrift，in Britain，at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance，we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives2001年閱讀譯文在美國，這種趨勢一開始是對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落所做出的一種反應(yīng)一出現(xiàn)于

51、80年代后期縮小經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模裁員?在英國，至少在我所認(rèn)識(shí)的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的簡化生活者中，這種趨勢仍被認(rèn)為與節(jié)儉政治有關(guān)聯(lián)，雖然如此，然而我們有著不同的理由使自己的生活簡單化。downscale v縮減的規(guī)模So Spero is downscaling (v.)，shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home，instead of Neiman Marcus2004年閱讀譯文因此斯派羅相應(yīng)地縮減規(guī)模，在克利夫蘭郊區(qū)的她家附近的中檔迪拉德百貨公司買東西，而不再去內(nèi)曼瑪科

52、斯。downshifter n過儉樸生活的人，放慢生活節(jié)奏的人While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline?after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late80s?and is still linked to the politics of thrift，in Britain，at least among the middle class downshifters (n.) of my acquaintance，we hav

53、e different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives2001年閱讀譯文在美國，這種趨勢一開始是對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落所做出的一種反應(yīng)一出現(xiàn)于80年代后期縮小經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模裁員?在英國，至少在我所認(rèn)識(shí)的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的簡化生活者中，這種趨勢仍被認(rèn)為與節(jié)儉政治有關(guān)聯(lián), 雖然如此,然而我們有著不同的理由使自己的生活簡單化。drummer n鼓手Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer(n.)1994年閱讀譯文極富創(chuàng)造性的人的確是伴著不同的鼓手前進(jìn)的。dynamics n動(dòng)力學(xué)；動(dòng)態(tài)A variety of small clubs can provide (30：multi