情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 改動(dòng)

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有詞義嗎？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有詞義嗎？ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化嗎？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化嗎？3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)嗎？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)嗎？4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞能單獨(dú)做謂語嗎？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞能單獨(dú)做謂語嗎？ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義有一定的詞義，表示某種情緒或，表示某種情緒或 態(tài)度，表示可能、愿望、必要、允許、能力等。態(tài)度，表示可能、愿望、必要、允許、能力等。 2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即不隨主語的不，即不隨主語的不同而變化。同而變化。 3.must, need沒有時(shí)態(tài)，但沒有時(shí)態(tài)，但有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如有

2、些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如cancan、may,will,have tomay,will,have to有一般式和過去式有一般式和過去式的變化。的變化。4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)做謂語不能單獨(dú)做謂語，必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形，必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)”形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)別的別的 主要標(biāo)志主要標(biāo)志, 不少情況下不少情況下, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式現(xiàn)在式形式和過去式形式都可用來表形式和過去式形式都可用來表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)示現(xiàn)在時(shí) 間、過去時(shí)間和將來時(shí)間。間、過去時(shí)間和將來時(shí)間。can / could1) 表示能力。意思為表示能力。意思為“能夠、會(huì)能夠、

3、會(huì)”，could表示過去的能力，表示過去的能力，can表示現(xiàn)在的能表示現(xiàn)在的能力。力。He could play the piano at the age of 6.A computer cant think for itself. 表示能力表示能力: can, could, be able to 1)時(shí)態(tài)上：時(shí)態(tài)上：2)意義上：意義上： be able to 能用于能用于各種時(shí)態(tài)各種時(shí)態(tài)。can / could 只能表示只能表示現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在或或過過去去的能力。的能力。can / could表示個(gè)人有某種能力表示個(gè)人有某種能力was / were able to : 表示某人通過努力表示某人通過努

4、力克服困難做成某事克服困難做成某事“設(shè)法做成某事設(shè)法做成某事”相當(dāng)于：相當(dāng)于： managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。如：如：_ you understand the meaning of this sentence?In the fire, he _ escape from the burning building.2 2）表示表示請(qǐng)求和允許請(qǐng)求和允許。 You can go with them if you like.- Could/Can I have a look at your new design? - Yes, of course

5、you can.(注意此處答語不能用注意此處答語不能用could)表示請(qǐng)求，口語中常用表示請(qǐng)求，口語中常用could代替代替can，使語氣更委婉。使語氣更委婉。3）用在用在肯定句肯定句中，表示中，表示_Anybody can make mistakes.Driving on the snowy roads can be very dangerous.客觀上有可能客觀上有可能4）表示主觀的表示主觀的_，主要用在，主要用在否定句和疑否定句和疑問句中。問句中。 It cant be Mary. She is in Shanghai now. 猜測(cè)猜測(cè)表示推測(cè)時(shí)，表示推測(cè)時(shí)，could不是過去式不是過

6、去式，只是語氣更委，只是語氣更委婉婉 It couldnt be Dad. He wont be back this time of evening. 1. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to3. -

7、Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you_ A. might B. will C. can D. could 4. Mary _ speak three languages. 5. Children _ dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets.6. Traffic accidents _ happen in such snowy weather.7. It _ be Mary. She has fallen ill.能力能力許可許可客觀上的可能性客觀上的

8、可能性推測(cè)推測(cè)2. may / might1)表示表示允許，許可允許，許可，might用于過去時(shí)用于過去時(shí)May I come in?He said I might use his pen.- May I borrow your bike?肯定答語肯定答語否定答語否定答語-Yes, you may./You can./Certainly./Sure.- No, you mustnt./No, you cant./Youd better not.表許可時(shí)，等同表許可時(shí)，等同于于can/could 2)表示表示主觀的可能性主觀的可能性，might比比may可能性更小。可能性更小。It may be

9、 true.He might not come today. May the new year bring you peace, joy and happiness. (3) 表示愿望表示愿望May you succeed! May you have a good journey! 祝你旅行開心！祝你旅行開心！ 祝你成功！祝你成功！ Some festivals are held to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.推測(cè)推測(cè)- Excuse me. Is this the right w

10、ay to the Summer Palace?- Sorry, I am not sure, but it _be. A. might B will C. must D. can - Are you coming to Jeffs party?- Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead.Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight 翻譯 -我能在這個(gè)房間抽煙嗎？我能在這個(gè)房間抽煙嗎？ .- 可以?？梢浴?- 不行，不行， -Might/ May I smoke in this room? - Yes, you can. - No, you

11、 mustnt1. 表示意愿，表示意愿，will表示現(xiàn)在的意愿表示現(xiàn)在的意愿，would表示過去的意愿。表示過去的意愿。I will stick to my plan though all of you are against it. I told him to give up smoking, but he wouldnt listen.3. will/would2.用于用于第二人稱表示請(qǐng)求、建議第二人稱表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，等，would比比will語氣委婉、客氣。語氣委婉、客氣。 Will you type this, please? Would you please open the wi

12、ndow?肯定答語肯定答語-Yes, you will./No problem./3. 表示習(xí)慣和傾向性表示習(xí)慣和傾向性will表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，would表示過去的習(xí)表示過去的習(xí)慣慣(=used to do)。 Fish will die without water. When he was a child, he would often go skiing. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3. During the vacation, he would visit me

13、every four days.4. Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?5. Birds will fly to the south in the winter.意愿意愿意愿意愿習(xí)慣，傾向習(xí)慣，傾向請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求過去的習(xí)慣過去的習(xí)慣4. shall1）shall用于用于第一、第三人稱疑問句第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示中，表示說話人說話人征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。Shall we put off the sports meet until next week?Shall we go by train?Henry is wai

14、ting outside. Shall he come in, sir?2）shall用于用于第二、第三人稱的陳述句第二、第三人稱的陳述句，表示，表示說話人給對(duì)方的說話人給對(duì)方的許諾、命令、警告、威脅許諾、命令、警告、威脅等。等。Tell Jack he shall get a gift if he performed well.(許諾許諾)(警告警告)You shall be punished if you break the rule.(威脅威脅) You shall fail if you dont work hard.Shall When the chairman turns up,

15、nobody shall say a word.Students shall remain in their seats until the papers have been collected.There is a rule that students shall wear uniform.I tell you that you shall regret some day.He shall fall behind if he is always so lazy.He shall be punished if he insists on doing thatYou shall have a n

16、ice present for your birthday if you make progress in study.They shall get what they want if they keep their word.Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 決心、承諾、警告、命令決心、承諾、警告、命令 you heshethey shall.(二三人稱陳述）二三人稱陳述） 命令命令 警告警告承諾承諾決心決心3）shall用于用于第三人稱第三人稱，用于敘述，用于敘述條約、規(guī)定、條約、規(guī)定、法律法律等文件等文件.Those be

17、longing to our club shall wear uniforms.我們俱樂部的成員都應(yīng)該穿制服。我們俱樂部的成員都應(yīng)該穿制服。- What does the sign over there read?- “No person _ smoke in this area.” Awill Bmay Cshall D. must5. should 1. should表示表示義務(wù)、職責(zé)、勸告，意義務(wù)、職責(zé)、勸告，意為為 “應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”。 eg: You should keep your promise.Students should respect teachers. 2）表示說話人）表示說

18、話人_等特殊情感。等特殊情感。Its surprising that Mary should not know Lei Feng.It is a wonder that rice should grow in the desert.You should make friends with such a selfless person.How should I know who he likes？驚訝驚訝3）表示推測(cè)，譯作）表示推測(cè)，譯作“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”“”“理應(yīng)理應(yīng)”。Its already 10. She promised to come by 10. She should turn up at

19、 any moment.- Shall I go and buy more fruits for the party?- No, I have already bought 3 baskets. That _ be enough. A. can B. should C. may D. might Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could dare “敢敢”，多用在否定或疑問句中多用在否定或疑問句中。 The little girl dare not spea

20、k in public. 小女孩不敢在公眾面前說話。小女孩不敢在公眾面前說話。 Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小貓嗎你敢抓小貓嗎? dare 當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞要考慮人稱單復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞要考慮人稱單復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài),后跟后跟動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式to do,但但to可以省略。可以省略。 Do you dare（ to ）walk in the dark? He doesnt dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one.

21、There was no bus. They had to walk home.1.表表“必須必須” 時(shí)，時(shí)，must 和和have to 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別must著重說明著重說明主觀意愿，主觀意愿，have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀不得不。另外，不得不。另外，have to 能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)。能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)。 6.must2.must用于一般問句中用于一般問句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用_否定式用否定式用 _，做，做 “不不必必”, mustnt表示表示_ Must I finish all homework at a time? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. mustn

22、eednt或或dont have to“禁止，不允許禁止，不允許”3. .表示表示_，意思是，意思是_,_,抱怨抱怨偏要，非得偏要，非得Must you make so much noise?If you must smoke, please go out.Must you shout so loudly?Must you copy my homework?My aunt must give lucky money to me. must表示表示“偏要偏要, 硬要硬要”, 指做令人不指做令人不快的事情快的事情4.must 表示表示推測(cè)推測(cè)時(shí)，只能用于時(shí)，只能用于肯定句肯定句，表示表示“準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)是是

23、”, “一定一定” must have done 對(duì)對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情過去發(fā)生的事情作出的肯定判斷作出的肯定判斷must be doing/be+adj/n 對(duì)對(duì)正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行肯定推測(cè)進(jìn)行肯定推測(cè) 他現(xiàn)在一定在看小說。他現(xiàn)在一定在看小說。He must be reading novels now.路是濕的。昨天晚上一定下雨了路是濕的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考題情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考題:1. Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only

24、 a shirt on. A. can B. could C. must D. would2. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, . A. you shouldnt B. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustnt注意注意： 1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定形式否定形式的用法的用法: mustnt 不準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn), 禁止禁止 neednt 沒必要沒必要 ( = dont have to )cant 不能不能; 不可能不可能may not 不可以不可以; 可能不可能不shouldnt 不應(yīng)該

25、不應(yīng)該 ( = ought not to ) 推測(cè)推測(cè)注意注意： 2. 表示表示推測(cè)推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:May/ mightmustshouldCant/ couldnt表示主觀推測(cè)，表示主觀推測(cè)，might的可能性的可能性比比may小小用于肯定句，表示肯定，一定用于肯定句，表示肯定，一定表示理應(yīng)表示理應(yīng)表示不可能表示不可能不同的不同的“推測(cè)推測(cè)”程度可按下列層次排列：程度可按下列層次排列： He is at home. (事實(shí)事實(shí)) He must be at home.（非常肯定的推斷）（非?？隙ǖ耐茢啵?He should be at home.（很可能）（很可能） He may

26、be at home.（僅僅可能而已）（僅僅可能而已） He might be at home.（或許（或許, 非常不確定）非常不確定） He might not be at home.（也許不在家）（也許不在家）He may not be at home. （比（比might可能）可能） He cant be at home.（一定不在家）（一定不在家）He isnt at home.（事實(shí)）（事實(shí)） +do:表示對(duì)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)憩F(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測(cè)的情況的推測(cè);+be doing: 表示對(duì)表示對(duì)正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行的情況的推測(cè)；的情況的推測(cè)；+have done：表示對(duì)表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生過去

27、所發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)事情的推測(cè) +be doing+ do+ have done對(duì)正在發(fā)生的事，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞對(duì)正在發(fā)生的事，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be doingbe doing的形的形式。如：式。如： 1) He isnt in the classroomHe mustmay might be playing football on the playground 他不在教室里。他一定可能在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 2) Its 12 pmShe can could not be typing now. 已經(jīng)是夜里十二點(diǎn)了，她不可能現(xiàn)在還在打字。 At this moment, our teacher must be cor

28、recting our exam papers. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)1). 湯姆可能去上海了湯姆可能去上海了, 但我不是很肯定但我不是很肯定. Tom _ to Shanghai, but Im still not sure about it. 2). 地板很干地板很干, 昨晚不可能下雨了。昨晚不可能下雨了。 The ground is very dry, so it _ last night . 3). 一定有人闖入了我們的臥室一定有人闖入了我們的臥室, 誰會(huì)這樣做呢誰會(huì)這樣做呢? Someone must have broken into our bedroom. Who _ i

29、t?may have gonecant have rainedcould have done 12 1. I dont know where she is, she _ be in Wuhan. 2. At this moment, our teacher _ our exam papers. 這時(shí)，我們老師想必在批改試卷。這時(shí)，我們老師想必在批改試卷。 3. The road is wet. It _ last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。你媽媽一定一直在找你。 maymust be markingmust have r

30、ainedmust have been looking5. Philip _ seriously in the car accident. 菲利普可能在車禍中受了重傷菲利普可能在車禍中受了重傷.6. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She _ (go) by bus.7. Mike _ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲~克一定還沒有找回他的車，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲?公共汽車來上班的。公共汽車來上班的。may (mig

31、ht) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have found高考考題高考考題:1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _a

32、sleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have beenB D B 4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any

33、 moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could D C 1The thief _ in from the kitchen window as the door was closed. A. may climb B. must have climbed C. could have climbed D. should have climbed- Do you know where David is ? I couldnt find him anywhere.- Well. He _have gone far his coat is still here. A

34、. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt may, might, can, could1. They (can/might) _be away for the weekend but Im not sure.2. You (may/might) _leave now if you wish.3. (could/may) _you open the window a bit, please?4. (may/can) _you swim?5. Listen, please. You (may not/might not) _ speak during this

35、 exam.might表示猜測(cè)表示猜測(cè)may表示許可表示許可could表示請(qǐng)求表示請(qǐng)求can 表示能力表示能力may not表示不允許表示不允許may, might, can, could6. They (can not/may not) _ still be out, the light is on in the house.7. You (can/might) _ be right, but Im going back to check it.can not表示猜測(cè)表示猜測(cè)(不可能不可能)might表示猜測(cè)表示猜測(cè) 1. We _ smoke here, because the worke

36、r is carrying some petrol. 2. It is dangerous. You _ leave the room immediately. 3. He _ go hiking with friends at weekends when young. 4. Write to me when you get home.-I _. 5. -Need I hand in my exercise book at once?-Yes, you_. 6. You have been working all day. You _ be very tired.will, would, sh

37、all, should, must:mustntshouldwouldwillmustmust表示禁止表示禁止,不許可不許可表示建議表示建議,命令命令表示過去習(xí)慣表示過去習(xí)慣表示意愿表示意愿表示必須表示必須表示肯定猜測(cè)表示肯定猜測(cè)2. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt1. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. m

38、ust B. need C. should D. can3. Professor Smith, many students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside? A. Do B. Shall C. Will D. Would I think Ill give Bob a ring later in the week. You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. have to D. should練習(xí)坊練習(xí)坊I. Choose the correct

39、 answer.2. John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Should3. There _ any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt be B. shant have C. shouldnt be D. neednt have4. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _ be very slow. A. Should B. must C. will D. can5. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can6. Someone is knocking at the door. _ it be Venis? No, it _ b