現(xiàn)在完成時課件46894

1、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 The Present Perfect Tense現(xiàn)在完成時的學習目標現(xiàn)在完成時的學習目標 主菜單上一頁下一頁2.掌握現(xiàn)在完成時的構成掌握現(xiàn)在完成時的構成1.理解現(xiàn)在完成時的兩種主要用法理解現(xiàn)在完成時的兩種主要用法3.熟記現(xiàn)在完成時標志詞熟記現(xiàn)在完成時標志詞4.4.注意短暫性動詞與一段時間連用時的變化注意短暫性動詞與一段時間連用時的變化5.區(qū)分區(qū)分have /has been to,have /has gone to和和have/has been in6.區(qū)分現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時區(qū)分現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時 （助動詞助動詞）have/has + 動詞動詞過去分詞過去分詞

2、主語主語+ have/has +過去分詞過去分詞+賓語賓語+狀語狀語have:第一、二第一、二/ 復數(shù)復數(shù)has: 第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)規(guī)則動詞規(guī)則動詞:+ed不規(guī)則動詞不規(guī)則動詞 .陳述句：主語陳述句：主語 have/has+過去分詞過去分詞其他成分。其他成分。.否定句：否定句：主語主語have/has+not+過去分詞其他分。過去分詞其他分。 3.一般疑問句：一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語主語過去分詞其他成分？過去分詞其他成分？ 4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞have/has其他成分其他成分？句型轉換：句型轉換：1、 My parents have known t

3、he face.(改為否定句）改為否定句） My parents _ _the face.2、 He has been to the aquarium lots of times.(改改 為否定句）為否定句） He _ _to the aquarium lots of times.3、She has visited Disneyland.(改為一改為一般疑問句）般疑問句） _ she _ Disneyland?4、Have they ever been to an amusement park?(做出肯定回答和否定做出肯定回答和否定回答）回答） havent knownhasnt been H

4、asvisitedYes, they have.No ,they havent 三 . 用法(一)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果.它強調的是過去的動作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系.常用的時間狀語有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.1，He has cleaned the blackboard. Look! (他已經(jīng)擦過黑板了他已經(jīng)擦過黑板了,結果是黑板很干凈。結果是黑板很干凈。)2，I have had breakfast.例句：例句： 1. I have cleaned my room. 我已打掃了房間。我已打掃了房間。2. He hasnt fin

5、ished his homework. 他還沒完成作業(yè)。他還沒完成作業(yè)。 3. Have you read this novel ? 你看過這本小說嗎？你看過這本小說嗎？ Yes , I have. 是的，看過了。是的，看過了。No, I havent. 不，沒看過。不，沒看過。4. We have studied English for two years. 我們已經(jīng)學了兩年英語了。我們已經(jīng)學了兩年英語了。5. They havent seen each other since 1998. 自從自從1998年他們就沒再見過面。年他們就沒再見過面。 現(xiàn)在完成時中標志詞的用法區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時中標志

6、詞的用法區(qū)別1. already在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法肯定句肯定句: 句中句中(助后實前助后實前) 一般疑問句一般疑問句: 句末句末(表示驚訝的語氣表示驚訝的語氣) “難道難道” Eg: Ive already had breakfast. Have you had breakfast already?2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “還還(沒沒)”疑問句疑問句: 句末句末 “己經(jīng)己經(jīng)” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?注: 帶already的肯

7、定句變成否定句或疑問句時,將already要變成yet放在句末. Eg. I have already done my homework.否定句否定句: :一般疑問句一般疑問句: :I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet? 3. ever在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法 肯定句肯定句/疑問句疑問句 : 句中句中 “曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)” Eg. Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing? 4. never在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法否

8、定句否定句: 句中句中 “從來沒有從來沒有”Eg： Ive never been toBeijing.注: 帶ever的肯定句變否定句時, 要將ever變成never; 帶ever的一般疑問句作否定回答時可用“No, never.”Eg. He has ever made dumplings.否定句否定句:Have they ever travelled by train?No, never.He has never made dumplings.5. just在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法用于用于句中句中, 表示表示“剛剛剛剛”Eg： Ive just had breakfast.

9、 What have they just done?6. before在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法用于用于句末句末, 表示表示“以前以前”Eg： Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?1. already 已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”（肯定句句中，疑問（肯定句句中，疑問句句尾）句句尾）2. yet “還還”（否定句句尾）（否定句句尾） “ 已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”(疑問句句尾）疑問句句尾）3. ever “曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)”（肯定句和疑問句句中）（肯定句和疑問句句中）4. never “從來也不從來也不”（否定句句中）（否定句句中）5. just “剛剛剛剛”

10、 （肯定句句中）（肯定句句中）6. before “以前以前” (句尾）句尾）現(xiàn)在完成時還可與1. so far(到目前為止） 2. recently(最近） 3. in/during the last/past +時間段：在過去的.(時間)里連用 I _ the work yet.He _for an hour.I _just _ _ the letter._you _ him since then?How long _you _in the house?1 1、我剛剛寫完信、我剛剛寫完信. . 2 2、他已經(jīng)等了一個小時、他已經(jīng)等了一個小時. . 3 3、我還沒有完成這一項工作、我還沒有完

11、成這一項工作. . 4、從那時起你就認識他嗎？從那時起你就認識他嗎？5 5、你在這所房子里住了多久了？、你在這所房子里住了多久了？ havewrittenhas waitedhas waitedhave not finishedhave not finishedHaveHaveknownknownhavehavelivedlived1.I _ (do) my homework already.2.He _(not finished) his homework yet.3._you ever _(be) to Beijing?4.We _ never _ (see) such an exciti

12、ng match before.5.Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont come in.have donehas not finishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleaned 用所給動詞的適當形式填空用所給動詞的適當形式填空 用動詞的適當形式填空（注意時態(tài)）（注意時態(tài)） 1.-_ you _your pen? (mend) -Yes, I _. -When_ you _ it? -I _ it yesterday. 2.-How do you like the film? -I _(not see) such a movi

13、ng film before. 3.Millies sister _(join) the club last week. So she _(be) in the club for nearly one week. Have mended have did mend mended havent seen joined has been 4.My father_(give) up _(smoke). He doesnt _(smoke) now. 5.The Green family_(not come) back yet from the cinema. They_(go) to see a f

14、ilm one hour ago. 6.You_(not visit) your son for a long time. has given smoking smoke havent come went havent visited 6.She has known Sam_ nine years. (for , never , since) 7.They have_arrived. (ever , just , yet) 8.Have you_ ridden a horse? (ever , for , yet) 9.She has known Fred_ they were at prim

15、ary school. (already , just , since) 10.We have not completed the project_. (already , for , yet) for just ever since yet (二).表示一個從過去開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài).通常和 for或since引導的時間狀語連用.(用延續(xù)性動詞）We have learnt English for more than six years. 我已經(jīng)學了我已經(jīng)學了6年多的英語。年多的英語。 (從從6年前開始年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學)He has li

16、ved here since ten years ago.用法：用法：1.for +Eg： I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段時間一段時間2. since +句子句子 (一般過去時一般過去時) (表示過去某一時間的表示過去某一時間的)時間時間點點Eg：I have been here since 2000./last year. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.一段時間一段時間

17、+ago1. 1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。 2. 2. 自從自從7年前我就認識年前我就認識 湯姆了湯姆了 3. 他上大學以來大約學了五千個英語單詞他上大學以來大約學了五千個英語單詞 上一頁下一頁主菜單注意): 對for或since引導的時間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here? 1.

18、 Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _1974. 6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.sincesincesinceforfo

19、rfor6.We _(learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2006.7.Mr. Green _ (be) in China for three years.8.They _(write) 15 songs so far.4.The population _ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.have learnedhas beenhave writtenhas grown注意: 短暫性動詞不能和for或since引導的時間狀語連用, Eg：(誤)I have left

20、 there for 5 years. (正)I have been away there for 5 years.（誤）The old man has died since 2 years ago.（正）The old man has been dead since 2 years ago.短暫性動詞與延續(xù)動詞間的轉換 非延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法非延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法 常用的非延續(xù)性動詞，如常用的非延續(xù)性動詞，如 come, go, leave, arrive, join, die, begin,finish, open, close, buy, borrow 等等 ，它們的

21、完成時，它們的完成時不能與段時間狀語連用，若句中有表示一段時間的狀語，不能與段時間狀語連用，若句中有表示一段時間的狀語，需將非延續(xù)性動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞形式。需將非延續(xù)性動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞形式。 例例：（誤）誤）He has come to Jinan for two weeks. （正）（正）He has been in Jinan for two weeks. 1）、 come to = be in 2）、）、 leave = be away （from）例：例：They left the town two days ago.They have been away from the town

22、 since two days ago.4） join = be in = be a member of / be a .member例：例：She joined the League three months ago. She has been in the League for three months. She has been a member of the League for three months. She has been a League member since three months ago.5） die = be dead例：例：The man died five

23、years ago. The man has been dead for five years.6） begin = be on例：例：The film began ten minutes ago. The film has been on since ten minutes ago.7）buy = have例：例：We bought the house two years ago. We have had the house for two years.8） borrow = keep例：例：She borrowed the books a week ago. She has kept th

24、e books for a week. 9) open = be open; close = be closed finish = be over巧記巧記10個短暫性動詞的轉換：個短暫性動詞的轉換： 開始離去借來還，出生入死買到家開始離去借來還，出生入死買到家。非延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時句中的運用：非延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時句中的運用： A. 非延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞buy borrow havekeep B.將非延續(xù)性動詞將非延續(xù)性動詞 be+形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞 come/go(to)- be in/at leave- be away(from) start/begin-

25、 beon arrive- be in/atdie- be dead open- be openclose- be closed reach- be in/atfinish- be over return- be backbecome- bejoin- be in/ be a member of/ be a. member 判斷正誤判斷正誤 1.1.I I have boughthave bought this watch for five this watch for five years.years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watch f

26、orfor five years five years。 2.He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. 3. I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 10 years. 同意句同意句1.I borrowed the library book two days ago. I _ _the library book_two days.2.The meeting started ten m

27、inutes ago.A. The meeting_ _ _ _ten minutes ago.B. The meeting_ _ _ _ten minutes.3.My brother joined the Party last year. A. My brother _ _ _the Party since last year. B. My brother_ _ _ party member since last year. have keptforhas been onhas been onhas been inhas been a sincefor5.That dog died las

28、t month. That dog_ _ _since last month.6.He has had the bike for two years. A.Two years_ _since he _the bike. B.Its _ _since he_the bike. C.He _the bike two years_. has been deadhas passedboughttwo years boughtbought ago4.He left Nanjing two years ago. He_ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years. been away from

29、（四）（四）have /has been to,have /has gone tohave /has been to,have /has gone to have / has been in have / has been in 的用法區(qū)別的用法區(qū)別 1. Have /has been to+地名地名: 曾經(jīng)去過某地，說話時已經(jīng)回曾經(jīng)去過某地，說話時已經(jīng)回到說話地點，常與到說話地點，常與once 、twice、ever、never 等時間連用。等時間連用。2. have / has gone to +地名地名: 去某地了，現(xiàn)在沒有回來，人去某地了，現(xiàn)在沒有回來，人 不在說話地點不在說話地點。3

30、. have / has been in +地名地名:呆呆在某地。指一種存在狀態(tài)在某地。指一種存在狀態(tài)巧記 ： been to ，gone to been in 意不同， have / has been to ：曾經(jīng)去過某地（已回來）：曾經(jīng)去過某地（已回來） have / has gone to ：去某地了：去某地了(在途中或已到）在途中或已到） （只能用于第三人稱） have / has been in for +時間段：呆在某地.（時間）（時間）He Shanghai.他去上海了。他去上海了。He Shanghai.他他(曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)) 去過上海。去過上海。He Shanghai for ab

31、out ten years.他在上海已經(jīng)待了大約十年。他在上海已經(jīng)待了大約十年。has gone tohas been tohas been in 用have /has been to和和have / has gone to填空 1. Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ No，I . 2. What about your sister，Lily？ Oh，she Chengdu， she will come back next week. Ok，thanks. Youre welcome. have been to haventhas gone to用用have been to

32、 ,have gone to ,和和have been in 適當形式填空適當形式填空 1. Jane to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. 2. Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He the Bainiao Park. 3. - you ever to the US? - Yes, twice. 4.The Greens China for about ten years. 5、My father Beijing twice.6、Grandp

33、a Li Henan since 2007 .7、I have never the water park. 8、Jack,I havent seen your brother for a long time. _He Shanghai on business for two months. III.用用have/has been to, have/has been in或或have/has gone to填空填空1. - Where is your brother? - He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. - _ you ever _ America? -

34、Yes, I _ New York twice.3. - Here you are at last! Where _ you _? - I _ London for two months. - When did you come back, then? - I came back only this morning.用動詞的適當形式填空（注意時態(tài)）（注意時態(tài)） 1.-_ you _your pen? (mend) -Yes, I _. -When_ you _ it? -I _ it yesterday. 2.-How do you like the film? -I _(not see) s

35、uch a moving film before. 3.Millies sister _(join) the club last week. So she _(be) in the club for nearly one week. Have mended have did mend mended havent seen joined has been4. We _ this class since last week.5. - How long _ you _ China? - Two years.6. - David _ Australia. - Im sure hes already a

36、rrived. 固定句型：固定句型： It is +一段時間一段時間+since+句子句子(一般過去時一般過去時) =一段時間一段時間+has passed +since + 句子句子 (一般過去時一般過去時) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.練習l自從我來到這正好兩天It is just two days since I came hereTwo days has passed since I came here lIt_ (be) ten

37、years since I _(finish) middle school. ishas been finished現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結果，強某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結果，強調的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它調的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示不能和表示過去時間狀語連用；過去時間狀語連用；而一般過去時只單而一般過去時只單純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關系，生關系，可以和表示過去的時間狀語連可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。用。He has

38、 lived in Beijing since 1999.自自1999年以來他一直住在北京。年以來他一直住在北京。（說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）（說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）He lived in Bejing in 1999.在在1999年的時候他在北京住過。年的時候他在北京住過。（現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）（現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時有一些明一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時有一些明顯的時間狀語。顯的時間狀語。 遇到遇到y(tǒng)esterday, Last year, in May, in+過過去某一年，去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般

39、過去時等就用一般過去時,不能用現(xiàn)在不能用現(xiàn)在完成時完成時 Translation 1.1.他昨天去北京了。他昨天去北京了。 2.2.他去北京兩天了。他去北京兩天了。He went to Beijing yesterday. （現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）（現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）He has been in Beijing for two days. （說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）（說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）II. 將下列句子中的動詞改為現(xiàn)在完成時將下列句子中的動詞改為現(xiàn)在完成時.1.John is drawing a picture.2. I write my name on the4 card.3.

40、 Tom blows out the light.4. The cat drinks its milk.5. The tree falls across the road.6. My parents give me a present.John has drawn a picture.I have written my name on the card.Tom has blown out the light.The cat has drunk its milk.The tree has fallen across the road.My parents have given me a present.單項選擇單項選擇1.He _ working.A. have just started B. has just startedC. Has just stars D. has just started2. _ you _ your suitcase yet?A.Do, pack B. did, pack C. Have, packD. Have , packed3. I _ my room already.A.have tidied B. had tidied C. have