高級(jí)水文地質(zhì)學(xué)Ch1

1、Ch 1. 水動(dòng)力彌散的基本概念 2hCh 2. 水動(dòng)力彌散方程 2h Ch 3. 水動(dòng)力彌散系數(shù) 2h 中文書籍（參見課本）。中文書籍（參見課本）。English books: J. Bear, Dynamics of fluids in porous media. D. K. Todd，Groundwater Hydrology. C. W. Fetter, Applied Hydrogeology. de Marsily, Quantitative Hydrogeology, 1986 R. Bird, W.E. Stewart & E.N. Lightfoot, Transpo

2、rt Phenomena1. 不混溶流體、可混溶流體2. 示蹤劑 (Tracer)3. 水動(dòng)力彌散現(xiàn)象4. 水動(dòng)力彌散機(jī)理5. 研究水動(dòng)力彌散的意義1) 不混溶流體、突變界面、毛細(xì)壓力、多相流2) 可混溶流體（溶液）、無突變界面3) 驅(qū)替 （驅(qū)趕并代替，displacement）4) 水動(dòng)力彌散：可混溶流體的驅(qū)替 Activities of 226Ra (d.p.m. per 100L) measured in surface waters of the South Atlantic Bight from 8 to 11 July 1994. d.p.m.: decays per minute

3、 (每分鐘衰變次數(shù)每分鐘衰變次數(shù))環(huán)境同位素環(huán)境同位素應(yīng)用舉例：應(yīng)用舉例：W. S. Moore,1996, Nature,380(18),212-214. SeaLand圖圖(c)的的觀測(cè)斷觀測(cè)斷面面圖圖(b)的的觀測(cè)斷觀測(cè)斷面面雷諾雷諾 (Reynolds) 試驗(yàn)（層流）試驗(yàn)（層流）雷諾雷諾 (Reynolds) 試驗(yàn)（紊流）試驗(yàn)（紊流） 不混溶流體、可混溶流體不混溶流體、可混溶流體 示蹤劑示蹤劑 (Tracer) 水動(dòng)力彌散現(xiàn)象水動(dòng)力彌散現(xiàn)象 指狀分支流指狀分支流宏觀均質(zhì)微觀非均質(zhì)Two-dimensional transparent Hele-Shaw cells: 160 60 0.

4、3 cm3-layer system: Fine sand on top, Homogeneous coarse sand in the middle, Inhomogeneous sand at the bottom. Infiltration flow rate on top: Close to the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the top sand After http:/www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/institut/forschung/groups/ts/VDD*D *: molecular diffusion

5、coefficient : tortuosity of porous media : dynamic dispersivityV : mean flow velocity zyxtzyxzyxVtzyxzyxVdd)d;,(),(1);,(),(00uu 不混溶流體、可混溶流體不混溶流體、可混溶流體 示蹤劑示蹤劑 (Tracer) 水動(dòng)力彌散現(xiàn)象水動(dòng)力彌散現(xiàn)象 指狀分支流指狀分支流Two-dimensional transparent Hele-Shaw cells: 160 60 0.3 cm3-layer system: Fine sand on top, Homogeneous coar

6、se sand in the middle, Inhomogeneous sand at the bottom. Infiltration flow rate on top: Close to the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the top sand After http:/www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/institut/forschung/groups/ts/Some important processes affecting the fate of LNAPL:advection, dispersion, dissolution, biodegradationLNAPL: light nonaqueous phase liquidDNAPL: dense nonaqueous phase liquidRhc1Capillary tuberrrhc 111*In the soilA measure of soils