語(yǔ)法學(xué)案情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(ModalVerbs)

1、語(yǔ)法學(xué)案5:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（Modal Verbs）*概說(shuō)助動(dòng)詞（auxiliary）主要有兩類：基本助動(dòng)詞 （primary auxiliary）和情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞（modal auxiliary）?；局鷦?dòng)詞有三 個(gè): do, have 禾口 be;情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞有十三個(gè)： may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, usedto, ought to.上述兩類助動(dòng)詞的共同特征是，在協(xié)助主動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成限定動(dòng)詞詞組時(shí)，具有作用詞的功能：1） 構(gòu)成否定式：He didn ' t go and neither di

2、d she.The meeting might not start until 5 o' clock.2）構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式或附加疑問(wèn)式：Must you leave right now?You have been learning French for 5 years, haven' t you?3）構(gòu)成修辭倒裝：Nowhere can he obtai n any in formatio n about his sister.Hardly had he arrived whe n she started complai ning.4） 代替限定動(dòng)詞詞組：A: Who can sol

3、ve this crossword puzzle? B: Tom can.A: Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的概情態(tài)動(dòng)詞具有詞匯意義，但意義不夠完整，一般不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人的 語(yǔ)氣和態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征：1. 后面一般+動(dòng)詞原形2. 一般沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化即第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s3. 一般只有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式，但可以表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，過(guò)去時(shí)間和將來(lái)時(shí)間。4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非謂語(yǔ)形式，即沒(méi)有to do, doing, done等形式現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法還將be able to（能夠）,had better（最好）,would rather（寧

4、愿）,used to（過(guò)去常常）等列為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。I. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法否定式疑問(wèn)式與簡(jiǎn)答can能力（體力，智力，技能） 允許或許可（口語(yǔ)中常用） 可能性（表猜測(cè)，用于否疋句或疑冋 句中）can not / cannot /can ' t doCan/Could do？ Yes,can.No,can' t.couldcouldn ' t domay可以（問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求） 可能，或許（表推測(cè)） 祝愿（用于倒裝句中）may not doMaydo? Yes,may. No,mustn' t/can ' t.mightmight not doMig

5、ht do? Yes,might No,might not.must必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）一定，想必（肯定句中表推測(cè)） 偏偏、硬要（指做令人不快的事）must not/mustn ' t iMust do? Yes,must doJo,needn' t/don 'have to.have to只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài) 人稱變化）don' t have to doDohave to do ？ Yes,do. No,don' t.ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)中多用should）ought not to/ oughtn ' t t

6、o doOught to do ？ Yes,ought.No, oughtn ' t.shall將要，會(huì)必將用于一三人稱征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn) 用于二三人稱表示規(guī)定、 許諾、命令、 警告、威脅等shall not/shan' t iShall do？ doYes,shall. No, shan'. tshould應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）可能，應(yīng)該（表示推測(cè)）竟然（表示驚訝和難以置信，表示說(shuō) 話人的感情：驚奇、憤怒、失望等 ） 本該（含有責(zé)備意味）should not/shouldn do't Should do？will意愿，決心請(qǐng)求，建議，用在冋句中would比較委婉w

7、ill表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣would表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣will not/won ' t doWill do？Yes,will. No,won'. twouldwould not/ wouldn' t dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑冋句中）dare not/daren ' t iDare do？ doYes,dare. No, darenneed需<必須（常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中）need not/needn' t doNeeddo？Yes,must. No, neednused to過(guò)去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）used not to do usedn' t

8、/sen' t to do didn ' t use to doUsedto do ？Yes,used.)No,use(d)n ' t.Did use to do ？Yes,did. No,didn ' t.'t.'t.II.表示推測(cè)常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, can, could, may, might （推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣遞減）不同的 肯定”程度可按下列層次排列： He is at home.（事實(shí)）He must be at home.（非?？隙ǖ耐茢啵〩e could be at home.（很可能）He may be at home.（僅僅可能而已

9、）He might be at home.（或許,非常不確定）He might not be at home.（也許不在家）He may not be at home.（比 might 可能）He couldn t be at home.（很可能不在家）He can ' t be at home一定不在家）He isn't at home.（事實(shí)）1. must "肯定，一定” 語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。must + do（be）是推測(cè)現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進(jìn)行；must + be doing推測(cè)可能正在進(jìn)行的事情；must +have done是推測(cè)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情。

10、He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.2. can和could "可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can '語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，用于肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there; it was so near.（推測(cè)某事本來(lái)可能發(fā)生，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生）Can he be in the offic

11、e now? No, he canfor It sawthenejn the library just now.（ 語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)，常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中）3. may和might “也許”，后者語(yǔ)氣弱，更沒(méi)有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。1） 表示可能性（possibility），用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的推測(cè)，暗示不確定。might不是may的過(guò)去式, 它所表示的可能性比 may 小,含較多的懷疑。He may be very busy now.（可能性較大）He might be very busy now.（可能性較?。?） 表示許可（permission），表示允許別人做某事，也可征求對(duì)方的許

12、可。He may go now.We may keep the book for two weeks.3）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!May you have a nice trip!III.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞注意點(diǎn)：I. can （could）表示體力或腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀規(guī)律能做某事的能力，意思是能夠” can表能夠”時(shí)，既可指將來(lái)，也可指現(xiàn)在。|be able to在表示能力時(shí)與 can同義，be able to可以表達(dá)“某事終于成功"，而can無(wú)法表達(dá)此意。be able to可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)努力克服困難成功地做成某事，相當(dāng)于managedto

13、do 或 succeeded in doing。My grandma is over eighty, but she can/ is able to read without glasses.We can/ will be able to talk about the matter later.can （could）表示許可、允許，在疑問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求，許可”否定句中表示 不許”此時(shí)可與 may通用，有時(shí)cann ot可以表示 禁止”相當(dāng)于“ must n't ”can （could）表示推測(cè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀可能性可能、會(huì)”，can多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句，表示猜測(cè)時(shí)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后可用進(jìn)行式或完成式

14、。could表示 能力”可能性"許可”為can的過(guò)去式。一般用于委婉、客氣地提出問(wèn)題或陳述看法，此時(shí)can,could并沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差別，只是could的語(yǔ)氣更委婉些?；卮饡r(shí)用can回答。Liz, can you do me a favor?Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the stati on?I wonder if you could help me. （request 請(qǐng)求）-Could I use your pho ne? -Yes, of course. You can.Do you think I could borrow

15、 your bike. （permission 許可）*需要注意的幾點(diǎn)：表示猜測(cè)，can 一般不用于肯定句中，除非是經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談”。這時(shí)can可以表示客觀的可能性，并不牽涉具體的事情是否會(huì)發(fā)生；要表示某事發(fā)生的可能性別時(shí)需要用could，may， might。Children can often get ill suddenly .（小孩常常可能突然生?。〤ertain things in the home can be dangerous , especially if you have young children .（家里的某些東西可能有危 險(xiǎn)，尤其是有小孩的時(shí)候。）上面兩句可以看作醫(yī)務(wù)工作

16、者或撫養(yǎng)過(guò)孩子的人說(shuō)的話，屬經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談”。Accide nts can happe n on such rainy days.II. may （might）表示許可,有 可以"的意思，詢問(wèn)一件事可不可以做，有時(shí)可以與can互換。其否定式may not表示 不可以、禁止、阻止"等，常用must not=mustn'代替，may用于疑問(wèn)句中，回答這種問(wèn)題時(shí)，多避免用may，而用其他形式，以免顯得口氣太嚴(yán)峻或不客氣。表推測(cè)、或許、可能的意思，表示一件事或許會(huì)發(fā)生，只用在陳述句中。表祝愿：May you succeed! = I hope you may succeed. M

17、ay you be happy, healthy and wealthy!might是may的過(guò)去式，表示可以做的事或可能發(fā)生的事；主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)用might不用may。might 一般用于比may的口氣委婉，或表示現(xiàn)實(shí)的可能性更小一些的語(yǔ)境中。III. must, have to |表示必須要做的事，意為必須：否定式 mustn '表示 不應(yīng)該，不許可，禁止"等。因此，在回答帶有 must的問(wèn)句時(shí)，不用 must n'，而用 need n't don' t have tomust在表示 必須"時(shí)與have to相近，have to

18、比較強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的需要，must著重主觀看法。另外must不像have to那樣能有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。表推測(cè)，暗含很大的可能性，意為一定”只用于 肯定句”中。偏偏、硬要、干嘛 （指做令人不快的事）。如： Hey. boys! Must you shout so loudly?must與have to都可以表示 必須"的意思，但要注意以下兩點(diǎn)區(qū)別。1）must只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而 have to有現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。如：We must work hard, or we ' ll fail in the exam in ati onYears ago, the poor girl had t

19、o leave school for lack of money .2）must表示主觀看法，have to則側(cè)重于客觀需要。如：We must be strict with ourselves in everything .In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks.IV. shallShall she go to the concert with us this evening ?（征求意見(jiàn) ） You shall go to the front at once .（命令）Don' t worry You sha

20、ll get the an swer this very after noon .（允諾）He shall be sorry one day . I tell you .（警告）Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution .（決心）用于二、三人稱陳述句中。表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、許諾、警告、強(qiáng)制、威脅、決心等。在疑問(wèn)句中，表 示征詢聽(tīng)話人是否愿意。You shall fail if you don 'work harder.（警告）He shall have the book when I finish reading i

21、t.（ 允諾）He shall be pun ished.（威脅）用于一、三人稱的疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)和向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。Shall we put off the sports meeti ng un til next mon th?Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?should表示勸告、建議常作應(yīng)當(dāng)"講，與ought to|有時(shí)可互換，ought to更注重一些責(zé)任義務(wù)。should表示預(yù)測(cè)可能性，并譯作 可能，（按道理）應(yīng)該”而ought協(xié)則表示非?？赡堋hould用于委婉、謙遜地提出意 見(jiàn)或建議，ought to可表示因責(zé)任、義務(wù)

22、等該做的事。a. should 表示勸告、建議、命令。You should go to class right away.b. should表示期待，用于表達(dá)合理推斷（ prediction，意為"應(yīng)該”），或明顯的結(jié)果（意為"可能”）且所期待的事幾乎是事實(shí)。It is three o 'clock, the football game should beg in now.Mary took dancing less ons for years, she should be an excelle nt dan cer.V will, would表示意愿、意志和決心，

23、適用于各種人稱，可以用來(lái)表示各種傾向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。有時(shí)還用來(lái) 表示 難免”其過(guò)去式是 would，也可以是單獨(dú)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.在表示委婉提出請(qǐng)求、建議或看法時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣比 will委婉，常用于第二人稱，肯定的回答時(shí)用will.used to表示過(guò)去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣 would只表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。1）表示意愿，表示愿意做或主動(dòng)提出做，如意志，愿望或決心等，例如：That bag looks heavy, I ll help you with it. （ offering to do sth）- You know that book I lent you. Can I have i

24、t back if you 've finished with it?- Of course. I 'll give it to you this after noon .（agreement）Thanks for lending me the money, I 'll pay you back on Friday. （promise）2）表示習(xí)慣（habit, custom）This old man is stra nge. He will sit for hours without say ing anything.We would sit around Grand

25、pa after supper, listening to his stories.3） 表示請(qǐng)求（request）,用于第二人稱，would比will更委婉。 例如：Will you come this way, please?Would you ope n the win dow?*在表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句不能用will （這時(shí)的will不是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，而是助動(dòng)詞，幫助構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)）。如：If it will rain tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village.（誤）If it rains tomorrow, we sha

26、ll not go to the mountain village .（正）當(dāng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 will表示意愿或決心時(shí)，是可以用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句的。如：If you will listen to me, I' ll give you some advice on hEngtishearn如果你愿意聽(tīng)我的話，我將給你提點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的建議。If you will come this way , the manager will meet you .請(qǐng)您往這邊走，經(jīng)理現(xiàn)在要見(jiàn)你。VI. may well和 may/ might as well后都接動(dòng)詞原形，是一種常用結(jié)構(gòu)。may well+動(dòng)詞原形相

27、當(dāng)于to be likely to，意為"完全）能，很可能 ”may/ might as well+ 動(dòng)詞原形相當(dāng)于 had better或幻 have no strong reason not to,意為 最好，不妨” cannottoo/enought示 無(wú)論怎么 也不過(guò)分” 越越好”cannot but do sth .表示 不得不，只好"的含義。vn .need和dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：兩者作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。其形式為：needn' t/daren ' ；dNeed/daredo?做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，就有人稱，時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化，da

28、re常出現(xiàn)過(guò)去時(shí)dared。其形式為：n eed( needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared)to do,t） nododa其中dare后面的to常可以省略）don ' t(doesn ' t/didn 某人需要做某事(sb.) need (to) do某事需要被做(sth.) need to be done=(sth.) need doing 需要need, want, require等詞后面接doing主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 dare 做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 How dare you say such a thing?=How do you dare (to) say

29、 ? dare 做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞dare 做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 He daren ' t speEhglish before such a crowd, dare he? =He didn 'tdare (to) speak English before such a crowd, did he? dare 做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞They are playing basketball, they must have finished their homework.他們?cè)谕婊@球， 他們一定已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。The road is wet. It must have_rained last night.路是濕的

30、，昨天晚上一定下雨了。2. can/could have dO "本可以，本可能已經(jīng)"用于肯定句中 ，表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情做出的推測(cè)或虛擬。You could have had a better mark.你本來(lái)可以考的更好。He can' t have slephrough all that noise.You could at least have sent five cards.你本來(lái)可以至少寄去5張明信片的。（說(shuō)明沒(méi)有寄那么多）3. might/may have done, |表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行可能性推測(cè)或虛擬。He may have gone to

31、the clinic.他可能去醫(yī)務(wù)室了。He might_have_read_ about the news in the n ewspaper 他可能已經(jīng)從報(bào)紙上知道這個(gè)消息了。4. should/ought to have done過(guò)去本該做而沒(méi)有做的事情，表虛擬，常含責(zé)備，悔恨。You should have written with a pen, not a pencil.Yes, I know I ought to have, but I had no pen to write with.I was really anxious about you. You shouldn '

32、; t have leffibme without a word.I ' m not feeling well in the stomach, Ishouldn ' t have eaten much fried chicken just now.5. needn 'thave done過(guò)去本不必做的事情實(shí)際上卻做了。You needn' t have toldim that.* |區(qū).must表猜測(cè)語(yǔ)氣的反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成(可以must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，其后的反意問(wèn)句有兩種情況：對(duì)現(xiàn)存狀態(tài)(現(xiàn)在的事實(shí))進(jìn)行推測(cè)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句中動(dòng) 詞用其一般現(xiàn)在形式。對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)

33、行推測(cè)時(shí)，若有表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，反意問(wèn)句用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。He must be reading, isn ' he?You must do it yourself, don' you?He must have gone over the article, hasn' he?It must have rained last night, didn itPPractice:1. -Must I start at once?-No, you.A. needn' B. mustn 'C. can'tD. won '2. -Need I hand i

34、n my exercise book at on ce?-Yes, you.A. mustB. n eedC. can D. will3. “ The interestbe divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.A. may B. should C. must D. shall4. The room is so dirty.we clea n it? Of course.A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do5. I told Sally how to get the

35、re, but perhaps Ifor her.A. had to write it outB. must have writte n it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out1. 析：A。由語(yǔ)境可知該答句表示不必”而mustn '表示不準(zhǔn)、禁止”不符合語(yǔ)境，顯然應(yīng)使用needn'表示不必”但肯定句回答繼續(xù)用must。2.析：選A。根據(jù)規(guī)定need用于一般疑問(wèn)句作肯定回答應(yīng)換成must，而作否定回答時(shí)，使用n eed的否定式need n't。3.析：選D。4.析：選B。上述兩題均考查 sh

36、all的常用含義，當(dāng)shall用于一、三人稱疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)；用于二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。5.析：選C。分析語(yǔ)境可知，口頭上告知Sally如何去那里是不夠的，所以我本應(yīng)書面告知，卻有沒(méi)書面告知之，顯得應(yīng)使用should /ought to have written表示遺憾之情。選擇合適的詞或詞組填空1.1 have a headache. Itake an aspiri n.(had better; would better)2. He looks sleepy. He mustbed very late last ni ght. (go;

37、have gone)3. I want to go to the office, but youwith me. (n eed not to go; n eed not go)4. I oughtthose books to the library last week. (to have take n; to take)5. The mother is telli ng her son,“ Youeat with your fin gers!" (would n ' t; must n ' t6. He was a good swimmer so heswim to

38、the river bank whe n the boat sank. (was able to; could)7. To travel from England to Scotland youa passport.(don' t need; needn' t)8. He went on foot, but heby bus. (ought have gone; should have gone)9. A: Did Ken take the job in the bookstore?B: No, but I think he. (must have; should have)1

39、0. Hetalk for hours, if you let him. (ca n; will)11. Youuse this toothbrush, it(mayiscrt; isiha ll not)12. No matter what people say, Ido as I like. (shall; will)13. “ I ' m willing to let you take whatever you like." Means “ youtakhaJhatever you like.14. A: I haven ' t felt well for a

40、week.B: Yousee a doctor. (had better; should have to)15. A: He is late,he have missed the bus?B: Yes, he must have missed the bus. (Ca n; Must)Keys: 1. had better 2. have gone 3. need not go 4. to have taken 5. mustn ' t7. don ' t need 8. should have gone 9. should have 10. will11. shall not

41、6. was able to12. will13. shall14. had better 15. Can選擇填空1. I didn ' t see her in the meeting room this morning. Sheat the meeting.A. mustn ' t have spokenB. shouldn ' t have spokenC. needn ' t have spokenD. couldn ' t have spoken 't done.A. not to be puni shedC. to not puni

42、shedB. to not be puni shedD. not be puni shed2. One oughtfor what one has n3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must _ always _ so much.A. not; be smokingB. not; have smokedC. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking4. With so much work on hand, you to see the game last night.A. mustn &#

43、39; t goB. shouldn ' t gCo. couldn ' t have gonDe. shouldn ' t have gone5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it better organized.A. had beenB. had to beC. must have been D. could have been6. I ' m surprised that he in the exam.A. should

44、 failB. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed7. The little girlthere alone.A. not dare goB. dares not go8. “ Must we do it now?” “C. dare not goD. dare not to goA. won ' tB. needn 'No, you .t C. can ' tD. don 't9. He said he would rather notit right now.A. doing1

45、0. You _B. to doC. doD. to be doing to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A. needn ' t to comeB. don ' t need comeC. don ' t need comingD. needn ' t come be feeling cold with only a shirt on.11. Put on more clothes. YouA. canB. couldC. wouldD. must12. I

46、play football than baseball.A. would ratherB. had better C. like better D. prefer13. I thought you like something to read, so I have brought you some books.A. may B. might C. couldD. must14. There was plenty of times. She .A. mustn ' t have hurriedB. couldn ' t have hurriedC. must not hurryD

47、. needn ' t have hurried15. The plant is dead. I it more water.A. will giveB. would have givenC. must giveD. should have given16. You return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. can ' t B. mustn 'tC. needn ' tD. may not17. It ' s still earlyu, y_o.A. mustn

48、' t hurry B. wouldn't hurry C. may not hurryD. don ' t have to hurry18. Please open the window, _?A. can ' t youB. aren 't youC. do youD. will you19. We for her because she never came.A. mustn 'hatve waitedB. shouldn ' t have waitedC. mustn ' t waitD. needn ' t wa

49、it20. May I stop here? No, you .A. mustn ' tB. might notC. needn ' tD. won 't21. It ' s a fine day. Let' s go fishing, .A. won ' t we B. will we C. don ' t weD. shall we22. I didn ' t see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting.A. mustn ' t have s

50、pokenB. shouldn ' t have spokenC. needn ' t have spokenD. couldn ' t have spoken23. Please don ' t make a noise. . I ' ll be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I won ' t B. No, I won ' t C. No, I willD. Yes, I will24. The young man has made so much no ise that henot have bee n a

51、llowed to atte nd the concert.A. couldB. mustC. wouldD. should25. Where is Joh n? Hein the library.A. should beB. must beC. can beD. must have bee n26. Since the road is wet this morning,last ni ght.A. it must rainB. it must be rainingC. it must have rainedD. it must have bee n rain27. Will your bro

52、ther stay home toni ght?I ' m not(qle sure. Heto the cinema tonight.A. must goB. can goC. may goD. may be going28. She ' s already two hours late. Whatto her?A. can have happe nedB. may have happe nedC. should have happe nedD. must happe n29. You must be a writer,?A. mustn ' t you B. are

53、 youC. must youD. aren ' t you30. I got up early that morning, but Iso because I had no work to do.A. mustn ' t have doneB. didn ' t need to doC. needn ' t have doneD. can ' t have done't.D. all the aboveD. had toD. both A and BD. mightD. do youD. do youD. both B and C “It &#

54、39; s 9568442.D. can 't31. Hehave come here yesterday, but he did nA. couldB. shouldC. ought to32. I missed the last bus, so Igo home on foot.A. mustB. have toC. may33. He ought to win the first prize,he?A. oughtn ' t B. shouldn ' t C. mustn ' t34. Everyonedo his best for the moder n

55、i zati ons of our country.A. canB. mayC. should35. Let ' s clean our classroom,?A. will youB. don ' t weC. shall we36. Let us play basketball,?A. will youB. don ' t weC. shall we37. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that hehave it tomorrow.A. mustB. mayC. shall38. “ Y

56、our phone nu mber aga in? I ite catch it.A. didn ' tB. couldn ' tC. don ' t39. Motherus stories whe n we were childre n.A. was used to tell B. is used to telli ngC. used to tell D. used to telli ng40. She would rathermore money on bookson clothes.A. cost not B. to spare don C.p ay than D

57、. spend than選擇答案解析1. D. must表示推測(cè)時(shí)不用于否定句； shouldn ' t have done st表示 本不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上做了 ” needn' t have done stf表 示本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了 ”; couldn ' t have doneth.表示不可能做過(guò)某事”。根據(jù)題意，選 D。2. A.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought后要接帶to的不定式，ought to do的否定式是ought not to do，所以答案是 A。3. A. must not always be doing sth.表示 不要老是做謀事 ”含有埋怨、指責(zé)

58、、反感等感情色彩。4. D. 題中的A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)都指現(xiàn)在情況；couldn ' t have gon表示 不可能去過(guò)” shouldn ' t have gonfe示 本不應(yīng)該去而實(shí)際上去了”根據(jù)題意，選D。5. D. could have done sth.表示 本來(lái)能夠做某事而實(shí)際上未能做成”6. D. should可用于表示驚奇、感嘆、不滿等感情色彩的句子，如指過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，則要用should have done sth. Would和may通常不帶感情色彩。7. C.題中的dare是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后接不帶to的不定式，主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件句中。8. B. must開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，否定答語(yǔ)用needn '或don' t have to9. C. would rather通常也視為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（組），后接動(dòng)詞原形，其否定形式為would rather not。10. D. need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其否定形式為neednt作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其否定形式為don