提高高中生英語閱讀能力的有效策略

1、提高高中生英語閱讀能力的有效策略吳偉偉高中生英語閱讀的現(xiàn)狀高中生英語閱讀的現(xiàn)狀 閱讀被“異化” 被動閱讀 不重視閱讀量的積累教師在處理閱讀時的誤區(qū)教師在處理閱讀時的誤區(qū)傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法的束縛知識與能力的關(guān)系處理不當(dāng)教授語法句型的途徑教師講得過多，學(xué)生思維太少學(xué)生被動接受過多，自主學(xué)習(xí)過少改變現(xiàn)狀的有效對策改變現(xiàn)狀的有效對策 扭轉(zhuǎn)“異化”的閱讀觀念 重申閱讀意義 培養(yǎng)正確的閱讀態(tài)度What is readingWhat is reading？ Reading is the process of constructing meaning through the dynamic Interaction

2、among the readers existing knowledge, the information suggested by the written language, and the context of the reading situation. Anthony Pearson, & Raphael 閱讀的實(shí)質(zhì)閱讀的實(shí)質(zhì) 讀者用自己已有的知識、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和思維能力，把作者所要傳達(dá)的信息、表達(dá)的思想、寓示的哲理及包含的情感等領(lǐng)悟感受出來。 現(xiàn)代外語教學(xué)理論認(rèn)為：閱讀不是被動的，機(jī)械的接受語言活動的過程，而是一種智力活動，是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維勞動。閱讀教學(xué)過程閱讀教學(xué)過程 Pre-r

3、eading: 調(diào)動學(xué)生已有的知識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，為輸入新的知識和技能做準(zhǔn)備（話題、情感態(tài)度和語言準(zhǔn)備） While-reading：語言輸入，信息提取、加工、整理，新知識建構(gòu)與內(nèi)化，語言知識與技能訓(xùn)練，舉一反三 Post-reading：語言知識與技能的鞏固和綜合運(yùn)用讀前活動讀前活動w 激發(fā)閱讀興趣，明確閱讀目的w 熟悉話題，預(yù)測內(nèi)容w 在語境中呈現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞匯w 布置閱讀任務(wù) 讀中活動讀中活動 常見的課堂閱讀教學(xué)活動w 朗讀課文，回答問題w 做選擇題和判斷正誤題w 講解課文、語言點(diǎn)，翻譯句子 這些活動往往以教師為中心，學(xué)生參與有限，沒有關(guān)注閱讀過程， 更多關(guān)注的是閱讀結(jié)果。請思考：請思考： 是否有其他

4、有效的讀中活動方式？是否有其他有效的讀中活動方式？ 讀中活動讀中活動COMPLICATEDINPUT復(fù)雜的語言輸入復(fù)雜的語言輸入 TRANSITIONDEVICE信息轉(zhuǎn)換機(jī)制信息轉(zhuǎn)換機(jī)制OUTPUT經(jīng)過整合和內(nèi)經(jīng)過整合和內(nèi)化的語言輸出化的語言輸出Transition devices Transition devices （信息轉(zhuǎn)換）（信息轉(zhuǎn)換） From texts to: Pictures Pie charts Drawings Bar charts Maps Flowcharts Tables Sequencing Subtitles Tree diagrams Notes Cyclic

5、diagrams 根據(jù)不同體裁和文體選用不同的信息轉(zhuǎn)換方式根據(jù)不同體裁和文體選用不同的信息轉(zhuǎn)換方式讀后活動讀后活動Role play Making a posterDiscussions Making a surveyProject work Making an ad.Retelling Making a brochure A Short Play Making an interviewWriting Making a picture story 讀后活動的層次讀后活動的層次一、基于文本信息的輸出一、基于文本信息的輸出 v 根據(jù)所讀信息進(jìn)行口、筆頭轉(zhuǎn)述v 根據(jù)筆記寫出梗概v 根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容開展訪

6、談活動v 利用所讀的信息，從另一個角度改寫文段二、超越文本信息的輸出二、超越文本信息的輸出v創(chuàng)設(shè)相似語境，整合并遷移所學(xué)知識，形成新的能力v 根據(jù)主題開展辯論 v對主題或人物進(jìn)行討論、評價作者態(tài)度，理 解文章的深層含意。閱讀材料的選擇閱讀材料的選擇Finding a focus to teachSelection of materials 趣味性 適中性 多樣性 時代性 循序漸進(jìn)性學(xué)生普遍存在的問題學(xué)生普遍存在的問題 缺乏語言環(huán)境 語言知識儲備不足 缺乏英美文化背景知識 沒有正確的閱讀方法 缺乏良好的心理素質(zhì) 缺少系統(tǒng)的閱讀技巧訓(xùn)練CultureCulture、knowledge and sk

7、illknowledge and skill 積累詞匯和習(xí)慣用法積累詞匯和習(xí)慣用法 Driller （1978）詞匯統(tǒng)計特征積累詞匯和習(xí)慣用法積累詞匯和習(xí)慣用法1.重視構(gòu)詞法，提升詞匯學(xué)習(xí)效率 派生：frighten，kindness，misjudge，displeasure 合成：Greenhouse, supermarket, schoolbag 轉(zhuǎn)化：drink some water/water the flower積累詞匯和習(xí)慣用法積累詞匯和習(xí)慣用法2.詞不離句，句不離文，在閱讀中學(xué)習(xí)詞匯 To read well, you need a strong vocabulary. To b

8、uild a strong vocabulary, you need to read well.牢固掌握語法知識牢固掌握語法知識語法知識是突破長句、難句的關(guān)鍵I cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的不能再生的) resources, our children may have to lead poorer lives.牢固掌握語法知識牢固掌握語法知識語法知識是突破長句、難句的關(guān)鍵I ca

9、nt live in fear of the possibility that as the earths population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的不能再生的) resources, our children may have to lead poorer lives.牢固掌握語法知識牢固掌握語法知識語法知識是突破長句、難句的關(guān)鍵I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse，but I have never question

10、ed the fact that whether I liked it or not, change was unavoidable. 了解英美文化背景知識了解英美文化背景知識 farmer/peasant Kiss Thank you Ticket English/British了解英美文化背景知識了解英美文化背景知識 E.g. An expensive car speeding down the main street of a small town was soon overtaken by a young motorcycle man. As he started to make ou

11、t the ticket, the woman behind the wheel said, “Before you go any further, young man, I think you should know that the mayor of this city is a good friend of mine. ”The officer did not say a word, but kept writing. “I am also a friend of chief of police Barnes,” continued the woman, getting more and

12、 more angry each moment, still he kept on writing. “Young man,” she said loudly, “I know judge Lawson and” Handing the ticket to the woman, the officer asked pleasantly, “Tell me, do you know Bill Bronson?”掌握正確閱讀方法掌握正確閱讀方法 培養(yǎng)良好閱讀習(xí)慣 動眼動腦，而非動口動手 加大視距，整句理解 注意力高度集中掌握正確閱讀方法掌握正確閱讀方法1.根據(jù)信息先預(yù)測 Titles and su

13、btitles Pictures , forms/charts and key words2.一遍略讀找大意 Topic sentences of each paragraph Control reading speed(100words/minute)掌握正確閱讀方法掌握正確閱讀方法3.二遍細(xì)讀掃障礙 Understand long and difficult sentences Skip the words they do not know Guess the meaning of unknown words Do not always translate into their L1 Do

14、 not always look up words in dictionaries Reread to check comprehension 熟練運(yùn)用閱讀策略熟練運(yùn)用閱讀策略 了解新課標(biāo)要求掌握的閱讀技巧 大量閱讀原汁原味的文章 選擇閱讀材料遵循由易到難的原則 重視篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析新課標(biāo)的要求新課標(biāo)的要求 閱讀技能教學(xué)目的 培養(yǎng)閱讀策略； 培養(yǎng)語感； 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在閱讀過程中獲取和處理信息 的能力； 體驗(yàn)過程，享受樂趣。閱讀的基本技能略讀（skimming）； 了解重點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)；找讀（scanning）； 理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)；預(yù)測下文（predicting）； 理解圖表信息；理解大意（main idea）；

15、理解指代關(guān)系；分清文章的事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)； 理解邏輯關(guān)系；猜測詞義（guessing）； 理解作者意圖；推理判斷（inferring）； 評價閱讀內(nèi)容。新課標(biāo)的要求新課標(biāo)的要求考綱對閱讀理解的要求考綱對閱讀理解的要求1.理解歸納語篇的主旨要義2.獲取事實(shí)性信息3.利用上下文推測詞義4.推斷隱含意義5.理解作者意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度6.理解句子、段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系7.理解語篇的基本結(jié)構(gòu)重視篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析重視篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析 信息構(gòu)成 主信息主題-關(guān)于什么 預(yù)測主題表述 主信息=主題+表述 限制性信息 修飾性信息 評判性信息信息分類信息分類 因果 例證 解釋 定義 描述 回答常見的意義關(guān)系歸納分類常見的意義關(guān)系歸納

16、分類信息溝（information gap）干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)計：源信息錯誤/信息關(guān)系混淆/信息組合錯誤/信息的完整性錯誤/信息內(nèi)容的準(zhǔn)確性錯誤/反向思維/詞的知識/錯誤遷移/與源信息無關(guān)/部分信息拓展試題結(jié)構(gòu)試題結(jié)構(gòu)有效的課堂活動有效的課堂活動Match main ideas and paragraphsJigsaw readingRearrange outlines Find out topic sentences and supporting sentencesFind out interferenceChoose proper discourse markersFill in discours

17、e markers in blanksMatch Match main ideas and paragraphsmain ideas and paragraphs北師大版 Module 3 Unit 8 Culture Corner The Silk RoadThe route;The name;Buddhism;The people;The Silk Road todaySome stories can be clearly divided into two. Give one half of the story to Group A, and the other half to Group

18、 B. The students read their article, answer the questions and check under-standing. Students then pair up with someone from the othergroup and tell them about their half, and listen to the other one. To help students remember their half, you may get them to takenotes. When the students are recountin

19、g their half of the article,make sure that the student with the opening half goes first.Jigsaw readingJigsaw readingRearrange outlines or paragraphsRearrange outlines or paragraphs Epidemics Throughout HistoryThe importance of looking at epidemics throughout history;The description of one of the ear

20、liest epidemics on record whichhappened about 5-550 AD;The description of the Black Death in the 1330s;The description of the Spanish Flu in 1918;The description of the SARS epidemic in 2002;Measures to be taken to stop epidemics in their tracks.Rowan was born on January 6, 1955, and spent his early

21、 years on the family farm with his mother, three older brothers and his strict father, who did not believe in the value of television. For a time, he attended the same school as Tony Blair, who was two years older than him. At 13, Rowan earned a scholarship to a boarding school. Later, he studied at

22、 Newcastle University where he had the highest marks in his year. At Oxford, he obtained his Masters degree in electrical engineering. This might explain his interest in fast cars, of which he has a vast collection. (Senior High English Module 6, 2005: 25)Topic sentences and supporting sentencesTopi

23、c sentences and supporting sentencesInterferenceInterferenceMandrakes are plants that grow in Southern Europe. People used to associate them with magic and witchcraft. Mandrake juice wasused by witches in lotions supposed to cause hallucinations. The flowers of the mandrake are white and the berries bright yellow. According to popular belief mandrake roots induced fertility in women and also grew under the gallows after a man had been hanged. Developing Reading Skills, 2000: 94Discourse markersDiscourse markersI saw their bodies, but I couldnt feel their souls _th