2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)之時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、高考語法復(fù)習(xí)之動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)導(dǎo)學(xué)案【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.掌握12種高考?？紩r(shí)態(tài)及相應(yīng)語態(tài)；2.能熟練運(yùn)用這些時(shí)態(tài)及相應(yīng)語態(tài)，并合格完成鞏固練習(xí)。【要點(diǎn)梳理】一、高考常考的12種時(shí)態(tài)及相應(yīng)語態(tài)（以及物動(dòng)詞raise為例）時(shí)態(tài)名稱主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式（僅限及物動(dòng)詞）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1raise 或 raisesare/is raised一般過去時(shí)raisedwere/was raised一般將來時(shí)will raise; shall raise（相 當(dāng) 于 will raise,僅限人稱 ）;is/are going to raise; is/are to raisewill be raised; shall

2、be raised（ 相will be raised ,僅限 人稱 ）;is/are going to be raised; is/are to be raised現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)are/is raisingare/is being raised過去進(jìn)行時(shí)were/was raisingwere/was being raised將來進(jìn)行時(shí)will be raisingwill be being raised （極少用）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has raisedhave/has been raised現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been raisinghave/has been being done

3、 （極少用）過去完成時(shí)had raisedhad been raised過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been raisinghad been being raised （極少用）將來完成時(shí)would have raisedwould have been raised過去將來時(shí)would raise; were/was going to raise; were/was to raise 等would be raised; were/was going to be raised; were/was to be raised 等12種時(shí)態(tài)及相應(yīng)語態(tài)用法時(shí)態(tài)名稱用法例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.表示習(xí)慣性、永久性或反復(fù)

4、發(fā)生 的動(dòng)作，常見狀語后：often, always, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, on Sundays 等。1. I go to the gym once a week.2. Rarely does he go to school late.3. From time to time humans are said to be eaten by wild animals.2.表示主語現(xiàn)在所具有的特征、性 格、能力或存在的狀態(tài)。1. He is always ready to help others.2. She speaks fl

5、uent English.3.表示客觀規(guī)律、事實(shí)或普遍真理 以及不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在，也 用于格言警句中。1. All living things are made up of cells.2. Light travels faster than sound.4.表示計(jì)劃或時(shí)刻表中安排要做 的事情，或要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。1. The tennis game starts at 8 tonight.2. My plane takes off at two a.m.5.時(shí)間、條件、方式或讓步狀語從 句中，表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。1. We won't leave until you come.2.

6、 f it rains tomorrow, I 'll stay here.6.用于現(xiàn)場解說、操作演示或用于 新聞標(biāo)題、歷史簡介、文學(xué)作品情 節(jié)描述等。1. Watch me. I mix it up with water.2. He Bits down and shivers a little.The clock outside strikes twelve.7.用丁 here, there, now, then開頭的1. Here comes the bus.倒裝句中。2. There she goes.3. Now comes your turn.一般過去時(shí)1.表示過去某一具體時(shí)

7、間發(fā)生的 動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過去 的時(shí)間狀語連用。1. I met an old friend the other day.2. He got injured at work yesterday.3. I saw her come back just now.2.表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反 復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常由一個(gè)表示過 去的大時(shí)間限定。1. As a child, I couldn 't do whatever I wanted to.2. I often visited her two years ago.3.在大時(shí)間為過去的背景下，時(shí) 間、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句中 常用

8、一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來的動(dòng) 作。1. She told me that she would come if I promised to wait for her.2. He said when the manager came back, he would send me a message.4.在沒有時(shí)間狀語的情況下，依據(jù) 上下文或符合邏輯的過去的時(shí)間所 發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。1. Could you please repeat your address? I didn't quite catch it.2. The novel was written by Lu Xun.5.以下時(shí)間狀語也可

9、以用一般過 去時(shí)：today, tonight, this morning, this week, this month, this year 等。1. Did you get_ any mail today?2. I saw him in the shopping mall this afternoon.6. since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句和It'stime that從句常用一般過去時(shí)。1. It ;s two years since he went away.2. It's time that we had dinner.一般將來時(shí)1.以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn)，表示將要發(fā)生的 動(dòng)作(英國

10、英語中第一人稱常用 shall,美國英語中各人稱均用will ),常與表示一般將來的時(shí)間狀語連 用，如 tomorrow, next year 等。1. No one knows what will happen in the future.2. He won't go to visit his parents next week.3. I shall know more as time goes on.2.以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn)，表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā) 生的動(dòng)作、情況或狀態(tài)。1. If I 'm not so busy, I will come to see you every weekend

11、.2. I shall come as often as possible.3. will ”表將來的三種情況：(1)(按自然規(guī)律)將、必然會(huì)；(2)事先沒有考慮而臨時(shí)作出決定；(3)表示事物的傾向性或規(guī)律性。1. Man will die. 人終有一死。2. It's going to rain. I 'll go home to close the windows.3. Boys wjJJ_be_boys.男孩終究是男 孩（改不了男孩子特有的習(xí)慣）。4. be going to ”表將來的兩種情況：(1)打算做某事；(2)某客觀跡象預(yù)示某事即將發(fā)生。1. -Ann'

12、s in hospital. I know that. I'm going to visit her tomorrow.2. The boat is leaking! It's going to sink.5. be to do表tk將來的二種情況：(1)計(jì)劃、安排要做的事；(2)按命令、要求、約定或義務(wù)該做 的事；(3)表示假設(shè)或意圖(常用于條件狀 語從句中)。1. The conference is to be held next Saturday.2. No one is to leave here without permission.3. If you are to

13、study abroad, you must learn English well.6. be about to do表小馬上要做某 事，除與When”連用外不與其他時(shí) 間狀語連用。1. Hurry! The bus is about to leave.2. I'm not about to stop when I 'm so close to success.成功在望，我豈能 罷手？7. be due to do表tk按時(shí)間表要做 的事或計(jì)劃中設(shè)定要做的事。1. The flight is due to leave at 8 a.m.2. Your work is due t

14、o be finished by Friday.8. Will do”也常用于“祈使句+and/or+you+will do sth ”的句型中。1. Keep on working hard and you 工 succeed sooner or later.2. Hurry up, or you 'll be late.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示現(xiàn)在某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常見時(shí)間狀語后：now, rightnow, at this moment 等，或由 look, listen等引出的表小說話當(dāng)時(shí)的語 境。1. The telephone is ringing. Would you a

15、nswer it, please?2. My radio is being repaired now.3. Hurry up! We re all waiting for you.2.表示現(xiàn)在某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常見時(shí)間狀語后：thesedays, this week (month, term, .), at present 等。1. What js he doing in Beijing these days? -He is attending an international conference.2. She is working for a company at present.

16、3.與 always, constantly, continually, forever, all the time 等連用,表小說 話人對主語的行為持有或好或壞的 感情色彩。1. He's always asking silly questions.2. Conditions are changing all the time.3. She is always helping others.4. 表示位直移動(dòng)的詞，如begin,start, go, come, leave, arrive, stay 等， 可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示近期內(nèi)將要發(fā) 生的動(dòng)作。1. They are leavin

17、g for Paris this afternoon.2. Stay here and wait! The bus js arriving soon.5. are/is being+形谷詞表小主語暫 時(shí)出現(xiàn)的某種情況或品質(zhì)。1. The boy is being naughty again.2. You are being foolish.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表小過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)仃的 動(dòng)作，常見時(shí)間狀語后：at that time, at this time yeaterday, when I arrived 等。1. What were you doing at 4 p.m. yesterday

18、? I was writing an essay.2. When he called me, I was having dinner.2.表示過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行 的動(dòng)作。1. I was studying abroad from 1990 to 1994.2. I was tidying my bedroom the whole morning.3.同現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)相似，與 always, constantly, continually, forever, all the time等連用，表小說話人對主語 的行為持有或好或壞的感情色彩。1. She was always being late

19、for school when she was a school girl.2. He was constantly playing games while in college.4.與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)相似，表示位置移動(dòng)的詞，如 begin, start, go, come,1. He told me that he was leaving for Paris the next day.leave, arrive, stay 等，可用過去進(jìn)行 時(shí)表示近期內(nèi)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2. Mother asked me whether I was coming back for lunch.5.表示過去打算進(jìn)行

20、但未實(shí)現(xiàn)的 動(dòng)作，后面常跟一個(gè)由but引導(dǎo)的句子，表示轉(zhuǎn)折的語氣。1. They were expecting you the whole day, but you didn 't turn up.2. I was coming, but an old friend of mine came to see me.6.在表示過去的復(fù)合句中，延續(xù)時(shí) 間較長的動(dòng)作常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，而 另一動(dòng)作常用一般過去時(shí)。1. He feJ! asleep when he was reading.2. I was walking in the street when someone called me.3.

21、 She didn't hear the phone because she was listening to the radio.7.直接引語中，為表小委婉或小確 定，有時(shí)也用過去進(jìn)行。常見動(dòng)詞 有 hope, wonder, think, expect 等。1. I was wondering if you would like to come to my party.2. I was thinking maybe he could go by taxi.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)1.以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)，發(fā)生在將來 某點(diǎn)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。I will be attending a meeting this

22、 time tomorrow.2.以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)，在將來某段 時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。We'll be watching a football match from 9 to 11 tonight.3.委婉詢問對方計(jì)劃。Will you be travelling this weekend?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.表示過去發(fā)生的或說話之前已 完成的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響 或結(jié)果，不具體涉及動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí) 間。常與 already, never, ever, before, just, not . yet, still, recentl, lately 等 連用。1. The rain has a

23、lready stopped.2. 一 Have you ever been to London?-No, I have never been there.3. My task hasn't been finished yet.4. There have been some changes in my hometown lately.2.表示過去某時(shí)開始直持續(xù)到 現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，該動(dòng)作也許已 終止，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)。常與表示段 時(shí)間的狀語連用,如since sb did sth, for five years, so far, up to now 等。1. He has worn gla

24、sses since his childhood.2. We have lived here for five years.3. So far he has been to 30 countries.4. I have read two books this week.3.用在時(shí)間、條件、原因等狀語從 句中，代替將來完成時(shí)，表示從句 的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作完成。1. Once you have made a promise, you must keep it.2. I'll go with you when I have finished my work.4.表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常與s

25、everal times, once, twice 等詞連用。1. I have met him twjce-this week.2. I have seen the film three times.5.時(shí)間狀語為 for the last three weeks, in the recent years, during/ in/over/within the past few years 等 時(shí)，也常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。1. Great changes have taken place in this city in the last three years.2. Much progress h

26、ave been made in science during the past few/ years.6.在“最高級+名詞+定語從句”或 “這是第幾次+定語從句”兩種情況1. I'm afraid this is the worst-movie I have ever seen.中，定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)通常用現(xiàn)在完 成時(shí)。2. Tom, this is the third time you have failed in the exam.7.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定式可以表示延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，可與狀語for sometime 或 since sb did sth 連用。1. I haven '

27、t bought anything for two weeks.2. They haven't left the lab since yesterday.8.有表示段時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)，不可使 用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的肯定式，必須使 用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的肯定式。(乃 His grandma has died for three years.(V) His grandma has been dead for three years.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示從過去某時(shí)間開始，某動(dòng)作 一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（說話時(shí)刻或最近 剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作）1. Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I have been

28、 painting the living room.2. -I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long. -That's nothing. I have been reading a novel.2.表示從過去某時(shí)間開始，某動(dòng)作 一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（說話時(shí)刻），并可 能繼續(xù)下去。1. I have been waiting for her for an hour, but she hasn't turned up yet.2. He's ill. He's been lying in bed for two days

29、.過去完成時(shí)1.表示到過去某一時(shí)刻為止已完 成的動(dòng)作，常與“ by+過去時(shí)間”連 用，通常使用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。1. By the end of last year, we had learned about 2,000 English words.2. By the time I got home, everyone had gone to bed.2.表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過去的 動(dòng)作之前已完成。常與"before/ when+過去時(shí)間”連用。1. The film had already begun when we arrived at the cinema.2. They had

30、worked for two hours before I got there.3.過去完成時(shí)也常用于主句是一 般過去時(shí)的賓語從句中。She realized that she had left the keys at home.4.表示過去本要做而未做成，常見 動(dòng)詞有 hope, want, expect, think, mean, plan, suppose, intend 等。We had planned to go on a picnic yesterday, but it was raining.5.在“hardly/scarcely/rarely.when ” 和“no soone

31、r.than”兩個(gè)句型中， 主句常用過去完成時(shí)。Hardly had he finished his job when the boss came in. 或 He had hardly finished his job when the boss came in.他一完成工作老板就走了進(jìn)來。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)相似，過去完成 進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前一 直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，到這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)為 止，該動(dòng)作也許已完成，也許還會(huì) 持續(xù)下去。1. The fans had been waiting for almost two hours before the star finally arr

32、ived.2. He had been reading for about an hour when the telephone rang.將來完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)，到將來某時(shí)間點(diǎn)為止已完成的動(dòng)作，常與“by+將來時(shí)間”連用。1. By next July, I 'll have graduated.2. By the time you come back, we will have finished our work.過去將來時(shí)1.過去將來時(shí)常用在賓語從句中， 表示從過去的觀點(diǎn)看，在將來發(fā)生 的行為或存在的狀態(tài)，表不從句動(dòng) 作發(fā)生在主句之后。1. He said he would

33、wait for us at the station.2. I thought he would accept the invitation, but he refused.2. would do sth 口表示過去的習(xí)慣 性動(dòng)作。Whenever I had trouble, he would come to my aid.3. were/was going to do 表/、過去的 打算。Last Sunday we were going to have a picnic, but it rained hard.4. were/was about to do 或 were/was on t

34、he point of doing 表不止要做某 事。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. = I was on the point of going to bed when the phone rang.5. were/was to do表不計(jì)劃或安排做 某事。He said the meeting was to be held next Friday.三、幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)*現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的某一 動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng) 調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。* 一般過去時(shí)單純表示過去的動(dòng)作 或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系。1

35、. I have seen the film.（表tk對電影 內(nèi)容有了 了解。）I saw the film last week.2. Have you had lunch?（沒吃過的話 就招待你吃點(diǎn)或什么的）Did you have lunch?（隨便問問）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)* 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào) 結(jié)果或動(dòng)作已完成并已終止。* 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié) 果或動(dòng)作已完成，也可能持續(xù)下去。* 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)某結(jié)果或動(dòng)作從過去某 點(diǎn)時(shí)間開第L直在進(jìn)行，且有可能 持續(xù)下去，則更多使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn) 行時(shí)（一般只用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）。1. It ;s no use hurrying. The tr

36、ain has already left.2. He has lived here for three years. （也許已不住，也許仍住。）3. He has been living here for three years.（強(qiáng)調(diào)還會(huì)住下去）一般將來時(shí) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來， 但發(fā)生時(shí)間并不精確到某點(diǎn)時(shí)間或 某段時(shí)間。將來進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)將來某點(diǎn)或某段 時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。1. I will go abroad next year. （發(fā)生 明年某個(gè)時(shí)間，具體時(shí)刻不確定）2. I will_be travelling in Europe the whole next week.

37、（整個(gè)下周該動(dòng)作 一直會(huì)進(jìn)行）【典型例題】（）1. The musician along with his band members ten performances in the last threemonths. （2019江蘇高考第 22題）A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give答案B?？疾闀r(shí)間狀語"in the last three months”的常用時(shí)態(tài)。（）2. A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith in love with the peopleand cul

38、ture there. （2019 江蘇高考第 29 題） A. would fallB. had fallenC. has fallenD. fell答案D?？疾闀r(shí)間狀語"a few months after he had arrived in China ”的常用時(shí)態(tài)。通 常由after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語采用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。（）3. They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals by 2022 for the Beijing WinterOlympics. （2019江蘇高考第 33題）A. will installB. will hav

39、e been installedC. are installedD. have been installed答案 B ?？疾闀r(shí)間狀語“ by 2020 ”的對應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài) 將來完成時(shí)，語態(tài)為被動(dòng)。() 4. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we moreconvenient electronic communication tools by then. (2018 江蘇高考第 31 題 ) A. have developed B. had developed C. will have developed

40、 D. developed 答案Co考查“ by then"(即“ by 2025”)的對應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài) 一將來完成時(shí)。() 5. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan in the pasttwo years. (2018 江蘇高考第30 題 )A. had been carried outB. would be carried outC. is being carried outD. has been carried out答案 A。 “in the past two years ”的對應(yīng)

41、時(shí)態(tài)通常為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但因?yàn)楸揪浯髸r(shí)間 立足過去，且截止時(shí)間也為過去，所以采用過去完成時(shí)。() 6. - Hi, I m Peter. Are you new here? I haven t see-n- yHoeulloa,roPuentedr. I m Bob.I just on Monday. (2018 北京高考第1 題 )A. startB. have started C. startedD. had started答案 C 。句中的時(shí)間狀語“ on Monday ”表示一般過去的時(shí)間，故用一般過去時(shí)。() 7. Susan had quit her well-paid job an

42、d as a volunteer in the neighborhood when Ivisited her last year. (2018 北京高考第4 題 )A. is workingB. was working C. has workedD. had worked答案 B。 “when I visited her last year ”表示過去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。() 8. China hsigh-speed railways from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometres in the past fewyears. (2018 北京高考第7 題 )A. are

43、growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown答案B。"in the past few years”是一個(gè)典型的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間。() 9. My washing machine this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. (2018 天津高考第 13 題 )A. was repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. has been repaired答案Co本句的時(shí)態(tài)是通過語境理解出來的，本句的時(shí)間狀語是“ this week”，并不 能

44、確定用什么時(shí)態(tài)， 但根據(jù)語境， “我的洗衣機(jī)正處于被修理過程中， 所以我只能手 洗我的衣服。 ”()10. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who in the mountains for twodays. (2018 北京高考第9 題 )A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped答案 D 。首先根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“ for two days ”可確定用完成時(shí)，參照動(dòng)作 risk 采用一 般過去時(shí)態(tài)， 故動(dòng)作 trap 應(yīng)該發(fā)生在r

45、isked 之前， 再確定語態(tài)為被動(dòng)， 故用 had beentrapped?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】1. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightingsaround human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. (2019 全國卷 I ，語 法填空 )2. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are decli

46、ning, six (be)stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. (2019 全國卷 I ，語法填空 )3. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement ” award, proud Irene (declare) she had noplans to retire from her 36-year-old business. (2019 全國卷 II ，語法填空)4. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (m

47、ake) over the years.（2019 全國卷 II ，語法填空 ）5. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and （recommend） wonderful places toeat, shop, and visit. （2019 全國卷 III ，語法填空）6. On the last day of our week-long stay, we （invite） to attend a private concert on abeautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,

48、listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. （2019 全國卷 III ，語法填空）7. While running regularly can t make you live forever, the review says it （be） moreeffective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. （2018 全國卷 I ，語法填空 ） 8. Since 2011, the country （grow） more corn than rice. （

49、2018 全國卷 II ，語法填空 ）9. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government （start） a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. （2018 全國卷 II ，語法填空）10. True to a gorilla s unaggressiv

50、e nature, the huge animal （mean） me no real harm.He was just saying: “I m king of this forest, and here is your reminder! ” （2018 全國卷 III ， 語法填 空）11. When fat and salt （remove） from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. （2017 全國卷 I ，語法填空）12. Fast food （be） full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get moresalt and fat than they need in their diet. （2017 全國卷 I ，語法填空）13. Steam engines （use） to pull the carriages and i