高考英語閱讀理解專題三—主旨大意題

1、Dontgiveupyourwholegardenjustforanattractiverose.一、主旨大意題型特點：主旨大意題要求在理解全文后，或者是，考查考生的歸納總結(jié)能力。這類題需要，抓住文章的和，同時兼顧以及文章出現(xiàn)的。此類試題通常以概括中心、揭示主題、選擇標(biāo)題等形式出現(xiàn)。查找主旨、標(biāo)題時，我們要學(xué)習(xí)識別文章中的信息，這種信息應(yīng)能歸納和概括文中其它信息所具有的。做主旨大意題時，應(yīng)采用的方式，跳過生僻詞，抓住和，快而準(zhǔn)地把握文章主旨。【例1】Choosethemostgeneralword.A. ChemistB.PhysicistC.ScientistD.Biologist【例2】C

2、hoosethemostgeneralsentence.A. Thehotelofferscomplimentarycoffeefrom7to10.daily.B. TherearemanyreasonswhyguestsfeelathomeattheGloriettaBayInn.C. Thecoin-operatedlaundryroomhasanironingboard.D. ThereareanumberofextraservicesattheGloriettaBayInnincludingbaby-sitting.【例3】Choosethetitlethatbestexpresses

3、theideaoftheparagraph.Thereisasimpleeconomicprincipleusedtodetermineprices.Itiscalledthelawofsupplyanddemand.Supplymeanstheamountof,oraccessto,certaingoods.Demandrepresentsthenumberofpeoplewhowantthosegoods.Iftherearemoregoodsthanwanted,thepriceofthemfalls.Ontheotherhand,ifthedemandforthosegoodsismu

4、chgreaterthanthesupply,thenpricerises.Ofcoursemanufacturersprefertosellmoregoodsatincreasedprices.A. EconomicPrincipleB.LawofSupplyandDemandC.MoreGoods,LowerPricesD.FewerGoods,HigherPrices、主旨大意題題干形式：1. (mainidea):(1) Themainideaofthepassageis(2) Thepassageismainlyabout(3) Thepassageismainlydiscussed

5、(4) Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage(5) Whatisthepassagemainlyabout2. (title):(6) Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe(7) Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage三、主題句的特點：1. 主題句與文體體裁之間的關(guān)系：議論文和說明文一般有主題句，且一般位于而記敘文一般沒有主題句；2. 段落主題句一般位于；3. 主題句所表達(dá)的意思具有和；句子單,一般不會采用長句或結(jié)

6、構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子；4. 文章或段落的其他句子都是對主題句的進(jìn)一步?！纠?】Astheymigrate,butterfliesandmothschoosethewindstheywanttoflywith,andtheychangetheirbodypositionsiftheystartfloatinginthewrongdirection.Thisnewfindingsuggeststhatinsectsmayemploysomeofthesamemethodsthatbirdsusefortravelinglongdistances.Scientistshavelongthoughtthati

7、nsectsweresimplyatthemercyofthewind.Fascinatingastheirskillsofflightare,migratingbehaviorhasbeendifficulttostudyininsectsbecausemanylongdistanttripshappenthousandsoffeetaboveground.Onlyrecentlyhavescientistsdevelopedtechnologiesthatcandetectsuchlittlecreaturesatsuchgreatheights.Totheirsurprise,thoug

8、h,theinsectswerentpassivetravelersonthewinds.Inautumn,forexample,mostlightwindsblewfromtheeast,buttheinsectssomehowsoughtoutonesthatcarriedthemsouthandtheypositionedthemselvestonavigatedirectlytotheirwinteringhomes.Eveninthespring,whenmostwindsflowednorthward,theinsectsdidntalwaysgowiththeflow.Ifbre

9、ezeswerentblowingintheexactdirectiontheywantedtogo,theinsectschangedtheirbodypositionstocompensate.Manymigratingbirdsdothesamething.Thestudyalsofound,butterfliesandmothsactivelyflewwithintheairstreamsthatpushedthemalong.Byaddingflightspeedstowindspeeds,thescientistscalculatedthatbutterfliesandmothsc

10、antravelasfastas100kilometersanhour.Thefindingsmayhavereal-worldapplications.Withclimatewarming,migratinginsectsaregrowinginnumber.Knowinghowandwhenthesepestsmovecouldhelpwhenfarmersdecidewhentospraytheircrops.1. WhatsthemainideaofthetextA.Insectsmigratewiththeseasons.B. Windhelpsinsectsgreatlyinmig

11、rating.C. Windsurfinginsectshaverealdirection.D. ScientistshavetroubleinobservinginsectsConclusion:【例5】Isuddenlyheardanelephantcryingasthoughfrightened.LookingdownIimmediatelyrecognizedthatsomethingwaswrongandrandowntotheedgeofthenearbank.ThereIsawMaShwewithherthree-month-oldcalfstrugglinginthefast-

12、risingwateranditwasalife-and-deathstruggle.Hercalfwasfloatingandscreamingwithfear.MaShwewasasneartothefarbankasshecouldget,holdingherwholebodyagainsttherushingwaterandkeepingthecalfpressedagainstherhugebody.Everynowandthentherushingwaterwouldsweepthecalfaway.Therewasasuddenriseinthewaterandthecalfwa

13、swashedcleanoverthemothersbodyandwasgone.MaShweturnedquicklytoreachitandpressedthecalfwithherheadandtrunk（象鼻）againsttherockybank.ThenwithahugeeffortshepickeditupinhertrunkandtrieduntilshewasabletoplaceitonanarrowshelfofrockJustatthismomentshefellbackintotheriver.Ifshewerecarrieddownitwouldbecertaind

14、eathIknewaswellasshedid,thattherewasonespot（地點）whereshecouldgetupthebankbutitwasontheothersidefromwhereshehadputhercalfWhileIwaswonderingwhatIcoulddonextIheardthesoundofamotherslove.MaShwehadcrossedtheriverandgotupthebankandwasmakingherwaybackasfastasshecouldroaring（吼叫）allthetime,buttohercalfitwasmu

15、sic.2. WhatcanbethebesttitleforthetextA.AMothersLoveB.ABraveActC. ADeadlyRiverD.AMatterofLifeandDeathConclusion:【例6】Whenstudentsandparentsareaskedtoratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance,theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant.Toooftenitisviewedasmereent

16、ertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority（優(yōu)先）.Thisviewisshortsighted.Infact,musiceducationisbeneficialandimportantforallstudents.Musictellsuswhoweare.Becausemusicisanexpressionofthebeingswhocreateit,itreflectstheirthinkingandvalues,aswellasthesocialenvironmentitcamefrom.Rockmusicrepresentsalifes

17、tylejustassurelyasdoesaSchubertsong.ThejazzinflueneethatGeorgeGershwinandothermusiciansintroducedintotheirmusicisobviouslyAmericanbecauseitcamefromAmericanmusicaltraditions.Musicexpressesourcharacterandvalues.Itgivesusidentityasasociety.Musicprovidesakindofperception（感知）thatcannotbeacquiredanyotherw

18、ay.Sciencecanexplainhowthesunrisesandsets.Theartsexploreemotive（情感的）meaningofthesamephenomenon.Weneedeverypossiblewaytodiscoverandrespondtoourworldforonesimplebutpowerfulreason:Noonewaycangetitall.Theartsareformsofthoughtaspowerfulinwhattheycommunicateasmathematicalandscientificsymbols.Theyarewayswe

19、humanbeings“talk”toeachother.TheyaretheIanguageofcivilizationthroughwhichweexpressourfears,ourcuriosities,ourhungers,ourdiscoveries,ourhopes.Theartsarewayswegiveformtoourideasandimaginationsothattheycanbesharedwithothers.Whenwedonotgivechildrenaccesstoanimportantwayofexpressingthemselvessuchasmusic,

20、wetakeawayfromthemthemeaningsthatmusicexpresses.Scieneeandtechnologydonottelluswhatitmeanstobehuman.Theartsdo.Musicisanimportantwayweexpresshumansuffering,celebration,themeaningandvalueofpeaceandlove.Somusiceducationisfarmorenecessarythanpeopletorealize.3. WhatisthemainideaofthepassageA. Musiceducat

21、iondeservesmoreattention.B. Musicshouldbeoftopeducationpriority.C. Musicisaneffectivecommunicationtool.D. Musiceducationmakesstudentsmoreimaginative.Conclusion:【例7】Thebestthingyoucansayabouttheroofsofmostcitybuildingisthatyoudonthavetolookatthemmuch.Thatsverygood,sinceanurbanIandscapeviewedfromabove

22、canbeanunlovelythingblockafterblockoftarred（鋪有瀝青的）blackrooftops,stickyinsummer,windsweptinwinter,uglyyear-round.Oratleastthatsthewayitusedtobe.Buturbanroofsaregoinggreen.Environmentaidesignershavebeguntorealizethatthetopsofbuildingsdonthavetobewastelands.Indeed,theycanbegardens,plantedwithgrasses,fl

23、owersandbushes.Aplantedroofusuallycomesinoneofthetwovarieties:extensiveorintensive.Theextensivetypeiswideandshallow,withasoildepthoflessthan8inches,abletosupportsmallerplants.Theintensivetypemaysmaller,butitsrelativelydeeperandhometolargerplants.Whateverthedesign,greenroofsarenotsosimpleasordinaryga

24、rdens.Theyhavemultiplelayersbeneaththesoil,includingadrainagelayer,waterproofing,structuralsupport,andsoon.Butthissystemcandoagreatdealofgood.ArecentpaperinthejournalBioScieneetellsthatgreenroofscancontroltemperature,containwaterandcleantheair,Andmostimpressively,theycancutheatlossfromabuildingby50%

25、,lowerair-conditioningcostsby25%,andreducetheurban-heated-islandeffectby2C.Ofcourse,apartfromthesquarefeetgreenedandheatreduced,greenroofsareevenmorevaluedsincepeoplecangainsomepsychologicalcomfortsimplybyhavingaquietplacetogo.Assooftenhappens,whatsgoodfortheplanetcanalsobegoodforthespirit.4. Whatca

26、nbethebesttitleforthepassageA.Urbanroofsgoinggreen.B.TheadvantagesofplantedroofsC.UrbanroofsandruralroofsD.ExtensiveandintensiveplantedroofsConclusion:【例8】WilliamButlerYeats,amostfamousIrishwriter,wasborninDublinonJune13,1865.Hischildhoodlackedtheharmony（禾口睦）thatwastypicalofahappyfamily.Later,Yeatss

27、hockedhisfamilybysayingthatheremembered“l(fā)ittleofchildhoodbutitspain”.Infact,heinherited（繼承）excellenttasteinartfromhisfamilybothhisfatherandhisbrotherwerepainters.Buthefinallysettledonliterature,particularlydrama（戲?。゛ndpoetry.Yeatshadstrongfaithincomingofnewartisticmovements.HesethimselfthefreshtaskinfoundinganIrishnationaltheatreinthelateearlytheatricalexperiments,however,werenotreceivedfavorablyatthebeginning.Hedidntloseheart,andfinallyenjoyedsuccessinhispoeticaldrama.Comparedwithhisdramaticworks,Yeatsspoemsattractmuchadmiringnotice.Thesubjectmatterincludeslove,nature,history,ti