四級(jí)考試真題第一套

1、2016年6月四級(jí)考試真題（第一套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartnListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,y

2、ouwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.,andD.,ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswerSheet1withdsinglelinethroughthecentre.Q

3、uestions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A.Howcollegestudentscanhandletheirpsychologicalproblems.B.Whycollegestudentsaremorelikelytohavestressproblems.C.WhysufficientsleepisimportantforcollegestudentsDHOWcollegestudentscanimprovetheirsleephabits2AItisnoteasytoimproveone'ssleephabit

4、sBItisnotgoodforstudentstoplayvideogamesCMakinglastminutepreparationsfortestsmaybelesseffectivethansleepingDStudentswhoarebetterpreparedgenerallygethigherscoresinexaminationsQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard3AWhetheradequateinvestmentisbeingmadetoimproveairportfacilitiesBWhethert

5、heBritishAirportsAuthorityshouldselloffsomeofitsassetsCWhethertheSpanishcompanycouldofferbetterserviceDWhethermoreairportsshouldbebuiltaroundLondon4APoorownershipstructureCLackofinnovationandcompetitionBInefficientmanagementDLackofrunwayandterminalcapacityQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavej

6、ustheard.5AStudytheeffectsofnicotineonyoungsmokersBSetalimittotheproductionoftheircigarettesCTakestepstoreducenicotineintheirproductsDReportthenicotinecontentoftheircigarettes6AThebiggestincreaseinnicotinecontenttendedtobeinbrandsyoungsmokerslikeBBrandswhichcontainhighernicotinecontentwerefoundtobem

7、uchmorepopularCTobaccocompaniesrefusedtodiscussthedetailednicotinecontentoftheirproductsDBigtobaccocompanieswereflankwiththeircustomersaboutthehazardsofsmoking7ATheywillpaymoreattentiontothequalityoftheirproductsBTheywerenotpreparedtocommentonthecigarettestudyCTheypromisedtoreducethenicotinecontenti

8、ncigarettesDTheyhavenotfullyrealizedtheharmfuleffectofnicotineSectionBDirections：Inthissection，youwillheartwolongconversationsAttheendofeachconversation，youwillhearfourquestionsBoththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAfteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmar

9、kedA，B，CandDThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentreQuestions8tol1arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard8AHollandBIndonesiaCEnglandDSweden9ATalkingwithherboyfriendinDutchBGettingacoachwhocanofferrealhelpCAcquiringthenecessaryabilitytosocializeDLearningalanguagew

10、hereitisnotspoken10APracticingreadingaloudasoftenaspossibleBListeningtolanguageprogramsontheradioCTryingtospeakitasmuchasonecanDMakingfriendswithnativespeakers11AItprovidesopportunitiesforlanguagepracticeBIttrainsyoungpeople'sleadershipabilitiesCItoffersvariouscourseswithcreditpointsheardDItcrea

11、tesanenvironmentforsocializingQuestions12tol5arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust12AAsenseoffreedomdrivinggivesBRulesandregulationsfordrivingCTherolepolicemenplayintrafficsafetyDTheimpactofenginedesignonroadsafety13AMakecarswithautomaticcontrolBMakecarswithhigherstandardsCMakecarsthatarelesspowerful

12、DMakecarsthathavebetterbrakes14ATheyfollowtrafficrulescloselyBTheykeepwithinspeedlimitsCTheyliketogoathighspeedDTheytendtodriveresponsibly15AItisabadideaBItisaseffectiveasspeedbumpsCItisnotusefulDItshouldbecombinedwitheducationSectionCDirections：Inthissection，youwillhearthreepassagesAttheendofeachpa

13、ssage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestionsBoththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAfteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA，B，C,andD,ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetlwithasinglelinethroughthecentreQuestions16tol8arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard16ATh

14、ecardgotdamagedBThecardwasfoundinvalidCThecardreaderbrokedownunexpectedlyDThecardreaderfailedtodothescanning17AByseekinghelpfromthecardreadermakerVerifoneBBycoveringthecreditcardwithalayerofplasticCBycallingthecreditcardcompanyforconfirmationDBytypingthecreditcardnumberintothecashregister18AProducem

15、anylow-techfixesforhightechfailuresBGivebirthtomanynewtechnologicalinventionsCChangethelifestyleofmanyAmericansDAffectthesalesofhightechappliancesQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard19ATheyvaryamongdifferentdepartmentsBTheyleavemuchroomforimprovementCTheyaredeterminedbytheadvisingboar

16、dDTheyaresetbythedeanofthegraduateschool20AByconsultingtheexaminingcommitteeBByreadingtheBulletinofInformationCByvisitingtheuniversity'swebsiteDBycontactingthedepartmentaloffice21ATheyarehardertomeetthanthoseforundergraduatesBTheyspecifythenumberofcreditsstudentsmustearnCTheyhavetobeapprovedbyth

17、eexaminingcommitteeDTheyarethesameamongvariousdivisionsoftheuniversityQuestions22to25arebasedoilthepassageyouhavejustheard22APhDcandidatesindietingBStudentsmajoringinnutritionCStudentsinhealthclassesDMiddleandhighschoolteachers23AItsoveremphasisonthinnessBItschangingcriteriaforbeautyCItsmistakenconc

18、eptionofnutritionDItsoverestimateoftheeffectofdieting24ATodemonstratethemagiceffectofdietingonwomenBToexplainhowcomputerimagescanbemisleadingCToprovethattechnologyhasimpactedourcultureDToillustrateherpointthatbeautyisbutskindeep25ATohelpstudentsridthemselvesofbadlivinghabitsBToestablishanemotionalco

19、nnectionwithstudentsCTopromoteherownconceptofbeautyDTopersuadegirlstostopdietingPart川ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefu

20、llybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.YoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonceSignsbarringcellphoneuseareafamiliarsighttoanyonewhohaseversatinahospitalwaitingroom.Butthe26_pop

21、ularityofelectronicmedicalrecordshasforcedhospital.baseddoctorstobecome27oncomputersthroughouttheday,anddesktopswhichkeepdoctorsfrombedsidesare28givingwaytowirelessdevices.Asclericalloadsincreased，“somethinghadto29_.andthatwasalwaysfacetimewithpatients.”saysDr.BhaktiPatel.aformerchiefresidentintheUn

22、iversityofChicago'sintenal-medicineprogram.Infall2010,shehelped30apilotprojectinChicagotoseeiftheiPadcouldimproveworkingconditionsandpatientcare.Theexperimentwasso31thatallinternal.medicineresidentsattheuniversitynowgetiPadswhentheybegintheprogram.JohnsHopkins'internal.medicineprogramadopted

23、thesame32in2011.MedicalschoolsatYaleandStanfordnowhavepaperless.iPad-basedcurriculums.“You'11wantaniPadjustsoyoucanwearthis”isthesloganforoneofthenewlabcoats33_withlargepocketstoaccommodatetabletcomputers.AstudyoftheUniversityofChicagoiPadprojectfoundthatpatientsgottestsand34fasteriftheywerecare

24、dforbyiPad.equippedresidents.Manypatientsalso35abetterunderstandingoftheillnessesmatIandedtheminthehospitalinthefirstplace.A.dependentB.designedC. fastD. flyingE.gainedF.giveG.growingH.launchI.policyJprospectKratherLreliableMsignalNsuccessfulOtreatmentsSectionBDirections：Inthissection，youaregoingtor

25、eadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoitEachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderivedYoumaychooseaparagraphmorethanonceEachparagraphismarkedwithaletterAnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2AncientGreekWisdomInsp

26、iresGuidelinestoGoodLifeAIsitpossibletoenjoyapeacefullifeinaworldthatisincreasinglychallengedbythreatsanduncertaintiesfromwars，terrorism，economiccrisesandawidespreadoutbreakofinfectiousdiseases?Theanswerisyes，accordingtoanewbookThe10GoldenRules"AncientWisdomfromtheGreekPhilosophersonLivingaGood

27、LifeThebookisco-authoredbyLongIslandUniversity'sphilosophyprofessorMichaelSoupiosandeconomicsprofessorPanosMourdoukoutasBThewisdomoftheancientGreekphilosophersistimeless，saysSoupiosThephilosophyprofessorsaysitisasrelevanttodayaswhenitwasfirstwrittenmanycenturiesago“Thereisnoexpiration（失效）dateonw

28、isdom”hesays“ThereisnoshelflifeonintelligenceIthinkthatthingshavebecomeverygloomythesedays，lotsofmisunderstanding，misleadingcues，alotofwhattheancientswouldhavecalledsophistry（詭辯）ThenicethingaboutancientphilosophyasofferedbytheGreeksisthattheytendedtoseelifeclearandwhole，inawaythatwetendnottoseelifet

29、oday”ExamineyourlifeCSoupios，alongwithhiscoauthorPanosMourdoukoutas，developedtheir10goldenrulesbyturningtothemenbehindthatphilosophyAristotle，Socrates，EpictetusandPythagoras，amongothersThefirstruleexamineyourlifeisthecommonthreadthatrunsthroughtheentirebookSoupiossaysthatitisbasedonPlato'sobserv

30、ationthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving“TheGreeksarealwaysconcernedaboutboxingthemselvesin，intermsofconvictions（信念），”hesays“Sotakeastepback，switchofftheautomaticpilotandactuallystopandreflectaboutthingslikeourpriorities，ourvalues，andourrelationships”StopworryingaboutwhatyoucannotcontrolDAswebegin

31、toexamineourlife，Soupiossays，wecometoRuleNo2：Worryonlyaboutthingsthatyoucancontrol“TheindividualwhopromotedthisideawasaStoicphilosopherHisnameisEpictetus，”hesays“AndwhattheStoicssayingeneralissimplythis：ThereisalargerplaninlifeYouarenotreallygoingtobeabletounderstandallofthedimensionsofthisplanYouar

32、enotgoingtobeabletocontrolthedimensionsofthisplan”ESo，Soupiosexplains，itisnotworthittowasteourphysical，intellectualandspiritualenergyworryingaboutthingsthatarebeyondourcontrol“Icannotcontrolwhetherornotlwindupgettingthediseaseswineflu，forexample，”hesays“Imean，therearesomecautiousstepsIcantake，butult

33、imatelyIcannotguaranteemyselfthatSowhatEpictetuswouldsayissittingathomeworryingaboutthatwouldbewrongandwastefulandirrationalYoushouldliveyourlifeattemptingtoidentifyandcontrolthosethingswhichyoucangenuinelycontrolSeektruepleasureFTohaveameaningful，happylifeweneedfriendsButaccordingtoAristotleastuden

34、tofPlatoandteacherofAlexandertheGreatmostrelationshipsdon'tqualifyastruefriendships“JustbecauseIhaveabusinessrelationshipwithanindividualInourpursuitofthegoodlife，hesays，itisimportanttoseekouttruepleasuresadvicewhichwasoriginallyofferedbyEpicurusButunlikethemodemdefinitionofEpicureanismasalifeof

35、indulgenee（放縱）andluxury,fortheancientGreeks,itmeantfindingastateofcalm，peaceandmentaleasedualandIcanprofitfromthatrelationshipitdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthispersonismyfriend，”Soupiossays“RealfriendshipiswhentwoindividualssharethesamesoulItisabeautifulanduncharacteristicallypoeticimagethatAristotleo

36、ffers”H“ThiswasthehighestandmostdesirableformofpleasureandhappinessfortheancientEpicureans，”Soupiossays“ThisissomethingthatisverymuchwellworthconsideringhereinthemodemeraIdonotthinkthatwespendnearlyenoughtimetryingtoconcentrateonachievingasortofcalmness，asortofcontentmentinamentalandspiritualway,whi

37、chwasidentifiedbythesepeopleasthehighestformofhappinessandpleasure”DogoodtoothersIOthergoldenrulescounselustomasterourselves，toavoidexcessandnottobeaprosperous（發(fā)跡的）foolTherearealsorulesdealingwithinterpersonalrelationships：BearesponsiblehumanbeinganddonotdoevilthingstoothersJ“ThisisHesiod，ofcourse，a

38、youngercontemporarypoet，webelieve，withHomer,”Soupiossays“Hesiodoffersanideawhichyouveryoftenfindinsomeoftheworld'heJudeoChristiantraditionandinIslamandothersthatinsomesense、whenyouhurtanotherhumanbeing，youhurtyourselfThatdamagingotherpeopleinyourcommunityandinyourlife，trashing

39、relationships，resultsinakindofself-inflicted（自己招致的）spiritualwound”KInstead，Soupiossays，ancientwisdomurgesustodogoodGoldenRuleNo10foragoodlifeisthatkindnesstowardotherstendstoberewardedL“ThisisAesop，thefabulist（寓言家），themanofthesecharminglittletalesoftentoldintermsofanimalsandanimalrelationships”hesay

40、s“IthinkwhatAesopwassuggestingisthatwhenyouofferagoodrumtoanotherhumanbeing，onecanhopethatthatgooddeedwillcomebackandsortofpayaprofittoyou，thedoerofthegooddeedEvenifthereisnoconcretebenefitpaidinresponsetoyourgooddeed，attheveryleast，thedoerofthegooddeedhastheopportunitytoenjoyakindofspirituallyenlig

41、htenedmoment，”MSoupiossaysfollowingthe10GoldenRulesbasedonancientwisdomcanguideustothepathofthegoodlifewherewestoplivingasonlookersandbecomeengagedandhappierhumanbeingsAndthat，henotes，isalifeworthliving36AccordingtoanancientGreekphilosopher,itisimpossibleforustounderstandeveryaspectofourlife37Ancien

42、tphilosopherssawlifeinadifferentlightfrompeopleoftoday38Notallyourbusinesspartnersareyoursoulmates39Wecanliveapeacefullifedespitethevariouschallengesofthemodemworldrewardedevenwhen40Thedoerofagooddeedcanfeelspirituallytheygainnoconcretebenefits41Howtoachievementalcalmnessandcontentmentiswellworthour

43、considerationtoday42MichaelSoupiossuggeststhatweshouldstopandthinkcarefullyaboutourprioritiesinlife43Ancientphilosophersstronglyadvisethatwedogood44ThewiseteachingsofancientGreekthinkersaretimeless，andareapplicabletocontemporarylife45Doharmtoothersandyoudoharmtoyourself.SectionCDirections：Thereare2p

44、assagesinthissectionEachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatementsForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B，CandDYoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentrePassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassageAttitudestowardn

45、ewtechnologiesoftenfallalonggenerationallinesThatis，generallyyoungerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalshiftItisnotalwaysthecasethoughWhenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars，theredoesn'tseemtobeacleargenerationaldivideThepublicoverallissplitonwhetherthey'dliketou

46、seadriverlesscarInastudylastyear,ofallpeoplesurveyed，48percentsaidtheywantedtorideinone，while50percentdidnotThefactthatattitudestowardself-drivingcarsappeartobesosteadyacrossgenerationssuggestshowtransformativetheshifttodriverlesscarscouldbeNoteveryonewantsadriverlesscarnowandnoonecangetoneyetbutamo

47、ngthosewhoareopentothem，everyagegroupissimilarlyengagedActually，thisisn'tsurprisingWhereasoldergenerationsaresometimesreluctanttoadoptnewtechnologies，driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticularOlderadults，especiallythosewithlimitedmobilityordifficultydrivingontheirown，areoneofthec

48、lassicuse-casesfordriverlesscarsThisisespeciallyinterestingwhenyouconsiderthatyoungerpeoplearegenerallymoreinterestedintravel-relatedtechnologiesthanolderonesWhenitcomestodriverlesscars，differencesinattitudesaremorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedtoageCollegegraduates，forexample，areparticularlyint

49、erestedindriverlesscarscomparedwiththosewhohavelesseducation：59percentofcollegegraduatessaidtheywouldliketouseadriverlesscarcomparedwith38percentofthosewithahighschooldiplomaorlessWhereapersonlivesmatters，tooMorepeoplewholivedincitiesandsuburbssaidtheywantedtotrydriverlesscarsthanthosewholivedinrura

50、lareasWh1ilethere'sreasontobelievethatinterestinself-drivingcarsisgoingupacrosstheboardaperson'sagewillhavelittletodowithhowself-drivingcarscanbecomemainstreamOncedriverlesscarsareactuallyavailableforsale，theearlyadopterswillbethepeoplewhocanaffordtobuythem46Whathappenswhenanewtechnologyemer

51、ges?AItfurtherwidensthegapbetweentheoldandtheyoungBItoftenleadstoinnovationsinotherrelatedfieldsCItcontributesgreatlytotheadvanceofsocietyasawholeDItusuallydrawsdifferentreactionsfromdifferent47Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthedriverlesscar?AItdoesnotseemtocreateagenerationaldivideBItwillnotnecessarilyre

52、duceroadaccidentsCItmaystartarevolutioninthecarindustryDIthasgivenrisetounrealisticexpectations48Whydoesthedriverlesscarappealtosomeoldpeople?AItsavestheirenergyBIthelpswiththeirmobilityCItaddstothesafetyoftheirtravelDItstirsuptheirinterestinlife49Whatislikelytoaffectone'sattitudetowardthecar?ag

53、egroupsdriverlessAThelocationoftheirresidenceBThefieldoftheirspecialinterestCTheamountoftrainingtheyreceivedDThelengthoftheirdrivingexperience50Whoarelikelytobethefirsttobuythedriverlesscar?ATheseniorsBTheeducatedCThewealthyDThetechfansPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassageInagrarian

54、（農(nóng)業(yè)的），pre-industrialEurope，“you'dwanttowakeupearlystartworkingwiththesunrise，haveabreaktohavethelargestmeal，andthenyou'dgobacktowork，”saysKenAlbala，aprofessorofhistoryattheUniversityofthePacific“Later,at5or6you'dhaveasmallersupper”Thiscomfortablecycle,inwhichtherhythmsofthedayhelpedshape

55、therhythmsofthemeals，gaverisetothecustomofthelargemiddaymealeatenwiththeextendedfamily“MealsarethefoundationofthefamilysaysCaroleCounihanaprofessoratMillersvilleUniversitynPennsylvaniasotherewasaveryimportantandstrengtheningfamilyinterconnectionbetweeneatingtogethertiesSinceindustrialization，maintai

56、ningsuchaslowculturalmetabolismhasbeenmuchharder,withthelongmiddaymealshrinkingtowhatevercouldbestuffedintoalunchbucketorboughtatafoodstandCertainly,therewerebenefitsModemtechniquesforproducingandshippingfoodledtogreatervarietyandquantity,includingatremendousincreaseintheamountofanimalproteinanddairyproductsavailable，makingusmorevigorousthanourancestorsYetplentyhasbeenlosttooeveni