英語(yǔ)專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文全套

1、畢業(yè)論文題目 (中文)： 大學(xué)公示語(yǔ)漢英翻譯策略研究 -以下沙各大高校為例 題目(英文): C-E Translation Strategies for Public Signs of Universities and Colleges -Taking the Cases in Universities and Collegesat Xiasha, Hangzhou City for Examples學(xué) 院 外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 英 語(yǔ) 班 級(jí) 0705 學(xué) 號(hào) 0607100402 學(xué) 生 姓 名 鄭 梅 梅 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 劉 法 公 郭 虹 宇 二一一 年 五 月誠(chéng)信承諾我謹(jǐn)在此承諾：本人

2、所寫的畢業(yè)論文大學(xué)公示語(yǔ)漢英翻譯策略研究-以下沙各大高校為例（C-E Translation Strategies for Public Signs on Universities and CollegesTaking the cases in Universities and Colleges at Xiasha, Hangzhou City for Examples）的主體均由本人獨(dú)立撰寫，沒(méi)有抄襲行為。凡涉及其他作者的觀點(diǎn)和材料，均作了注釋，如出現(xiàn)抄襲及侵犯他人知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的情況，愿接受校方的處分。 承諾人：鄭梅梅 2010年5月26日I- 正文目 錄畢業(yè)論文正文致謝I-i英文題目與摘要I-

3、ii中文題目與摘要I-iii正文目錄I-iv 正文I-1I-21文獻(xiàn)綜述-1-7相關(guān)材料III1. 畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書2. 畢業(yè)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告3. 畢業(yè)論文中期檢查表4. 畢業(yè)論文指導(dǎo)記錄5. 畢業(yè)論文答辯資格審查表6. 畢業(yè)論文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)7畢業(yè)論文指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)及評(píng)分8畢業(yè)論文評(píng)閱人評(píng)語(yǔ)及評(píng)分9畢業(yè)論文答辯評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及成績(jī)10畢業(yè)論文答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語(yǔ)與結(jié)論11. 畢業(yè)論文答辯記錄紙12畢業(yè)論文評(píng)分匯總表I、正文II- 正文AcknowledgementsI am extremely grateful to three groups of people, without whose help and sup

4、port this paper can not be completed successfully.First of all, my special gratitude goes to my supervisors Professor Liu Fagong and Miss. Guo Hongyu by virtue of their precious suggestions and comments on this thesis. Their attitudes in academic researches set a perfect example for me, and their en

5、ergy during my process of writing paper help me finish my paper.Secondly, I want to express my heartfelt thanks to all my teachers in foreign language college, all the staff in libraries at Xiasha. Due to their generous help and permissions can I successfully collect my raw materials and acquire wha

6、t I need for my paper.Last but not least, I owe my deepest thanks to my parents during my process of growing up. Thank you!I-iC-E Translation Strategies for Public Signsof Universities and Colleges-Taking the Cases in Universities and Collegesat Xiasha, Hangzhou City for ExamplesAbstract: This paper

7、 classifies and analyzes the translation problems in universities and colleges at Xiasha and puts forward three translation strategies for them. With “skopostheorie” as its theoretical framework, the paper proposes three strategies to improve current translations of campus public signs. These three

8、strategies are “Readibility”, “Directness” and “Comprehensibility”. “Readibility” means target texts should be correct in spelling, proper in grammar usage and free of Chinese pinying. “Directness” refers to the direct choice of simple words and sentence structures, direct usage of existent expressi

9、ons in target texts (follow the idiomatic or native expressions in western countries, follow the translation in the official websites, dictionaries or newspapers, follow the expressions existing for ages with distinct Chinese characteristics). “Comprehensibility” means that there should be no misint

10、erpretation of Chinese meaning, no casual enlarging or narrowing the original meaning by using hypernyms or hyponyms in English and no register misusage in target texts.Key Words: public signs of universities and colleges; C-E translation strategies; universities and colleges at XiashaI-ii大學(xué)公示語(yǔ)漢英翻譯策

11、略研究-以下沙各大高校為例摘要：本研究收集了杭州下沙各大高校公示語(yǔ)漢英翻譯實(shí)例，并對(duì)各類錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行歸納整理，分析其產(chǎn)生的原因并給出建設(shè)性建議。本論文以功能翻譯理論中的核心理論目的論為理論框架，鎖定譯文具體接受者，并對(duì)杭州下沙高校公示語(yǔ)漢英翻譯提出三點(diǎn)翻譯策略： “可讀”； “直接”； “易懂”?！翱勺x”指譯文應(yīng)該拼寫正確，語(yǔ)法得當(dāng)，盡量避免直接使用中文拼音?！爸苯印敝缸g文盡量直接使用簡(jiǎn)單的單詞和句型，采用英文中約定俗成的表達(dá)，采用官方網(wǎng)站，權(quán)威詞典，報(bào)刊等的翻譯?！耙锥币笞g文要符合目的語(yǔ)讀者的閱讀習(xí)慣，不曲解原文本，避免語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)域誤用，正確理解語(yǔ)言的內(nèi)涵和外延，避免望文生義。關(guān)鍵字：大學(xué)公示

12、語(yǔ)，漢英翻譯策略，下沙高校I-iii CONTENTS1. Introduction11.1 Significance of the Study11.2 Structure of the Paper22. Problems in the Translation of Public Signs of Universities and Colleges23. Literature Review43.1 Functionalist Approach & Skopotheorie43.1.1 A Brief Introduction to Functionalist Approach43.1.

13、2 Skopotheorie53.2 Previous Researches on the Translation of Public Signs73.2.1 Related Studies on the Concept and Function of Public Signs73.2.2 Related Studies on Translation Principles84. C-E Translation Strategies for Public Signs of Universities & Colleges94.1 Necessity of the Translation S

14、trategies for Public Signs94.2 My Translation Strategies for Public Signs of Universities and Colleges104.3 Application of Strategies to Translation of Public Signs114.3.1 Readability114.3.2 Directness134.3.3 Comprehensibility155. Conclusion195.1 Achievements195.2 Limitations20References21 I-ivI- 正文

15、C-E Translation Strategies for Public Signsof Universities and Colleges-Taking the Cases in Universities and Collegesat Xiasha, Hangzhou City for Examples1. Introduction1.1 Significance of the StudySince 2008 Olympic Games, the translation of public signs has aroused the attention of a growing numbe

16、r of Chinese people and has made great strides with the completion of the first phase of a project “National Public Signs Translation Corpus”. At present, this corpus has been regarded as an important reference in the places like Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and the like. Actually, Huang

17、Youyi(2005:31）points out that the translation of public signs shows our foreign language ability, in which mistakes and flaws would be magnified. He also claims that it is a reflection of our level in foreign exchange and humanistic environment construction.However, current public signs translation

18、is not good enough and far from satisfactory. There is still large room to improve. For instance, “禁止食物入內(nèi)” is translated as “Please, No Food Here!”. However, this translation appears too Chinglish. We can simply adopt the widely-used expression “no entry of something into some places”, which can be

19、easily understood by English speakers. Therefore, this sign is better to be translated in this way “No Entry of the Food into the Library”. Another example goes “消火栓” with its OT(original translation) “FIR EHYD RANT”. The mistake is funny, which shows not even a little command of English language. T

20、here are three characters in the Chinese version, so the translator devides two English words into three parts in order to match with the Chinese version. Here is the MT(modified translation) “FIRE HYDRANT”. There are other mistakes such as “stack”(書架) is mispelt as “stock” and “under the name of”(在

21、的名義下) misuses the preposition. In fact, it should be “in the name of”.I-1As an English major, I feel suffering when I encounter improper translations like these. Therefore, this paper starts from collecting those errors or mistakes in several universities or colleges at Xiasha, Hangzhou, tries to cl

22、assify and analyze them and finally puts forward some strategies to make the C-E translation of public signs in universities and colleges better.Recent years have seen a soaring number of overseas students studying in China. Universities and colleges in China are more and more internationalized whic

23、h requires the immediate refining of public signs on campus so that the misunderstanding and confusing can be largely reduced. What is more, projects of the exchange students have been so popular that scholar visitors with agile of mind and sharp eyes have come. Bad translation will not only mislead

24、 them but also ruin our image and reputation. Thus guidance strategies at this aspect are greatly needed.1.2 Structure of the Paper1. introduction: significance of the study and structure of the paper2. problems in the translation of public signs of universities and colleges.3. literature review: fu

25、ctionist approach & skopotheorie and previous researches on the translation of public signs4. C-E translation strategies for public signs of universities & colleges: necessity for the strategies, my translation strategies for public signs of universities and colleges, application of the stra

26、tegies to the translation of public signs5. conclution: achievements and limitations2. Problems in the Translation of Public Signs of Universities and CollegesThere are both tiny mistakes and grievous mistakes hanging on campus which like stains on a white shirt making them unpleasant to see. Theref

27、ore we need to clean them by first classifying them.First, spelling mistakes such as “recyclable” (可回收) mispelt as “recycled” and “fire hydrant” (消火栓) mispelt as “fir ehyd rant”.Second, grammatical mistakes like “social sciences” (社會(huì)科學(xué)) which ought to be “social science”. By consulting Oxford Advanc

28、ed Learners Dictionary, 2000, we know that only “l(fā)ife sciences” can use plural form whereas others such as “social science, natural science, political science, earth science” and so on mostly use singular form.Third, improper collocations such as “Reading room of newspaper” (報(bào)刊閱覽室), just as “a hat o

29、f mine”, sounds like “newspapers reading room” while “for” can be used to describe the function of the reading room, which means a room for newspaper reading. Therefore, “報(bào)刊閱覽室” should be translated as “reading room for newspaper” instead of “Reading room of newspaper”.Four, word to word translation

30、. “保衛(wèi)處” is translated as “security & safeguard office”. The original translation is too Chinese English. The translator turns “?！?into “security”, “衛(wèi)” into “safeguard” and “處” into “office” without considering whether target readers can understand it or not. As a matter of fact, there is the “se

31、curity office” in the western countries which has the same meaning as “保衛(wèi)處” in Chinese. All we need to do in translation is to follow the idiomatic expressions rather than creating something confusing. Whats more, “禁止抽煙” (Dont Smoke) hanging on the dining hall of our universities, demonstrating what

32、 is our Chinese English. In fact, “No smoking” with the same structure like “No Parking”, is obviously better than that one.Five, misunderstanding of English words. For example, “文庫(kù)” is translated as “collected works” and “值班室” as “janitors room”. In dictionaries, “collected works” means “a collecti

33、on of a writers works”(Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 2000), which refers to “a book, not a place”. Therefore a better modified version can be “a reference room” or “a data center”. As to “值班室”, “janitor” means “caretaker which is often referred to a person who takes care of a house or land wh

34、ile the owner is away” (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 2000). It is true that it can also be used to mean a person whose job is to take care of a building such as a school or a block of flats or an apartment building. However, in order to reduce the misunderstanding, “on-duty room” is proposed

35、.Six, the misusage of contexts. “文案室” is translated as “muniment room”. But in fact it should be “archive” in China.The “muniment room” has a religious meaning with it. Although it is a long time story and it can be used for a file room, it is still better for us to avoid a word with a background, w

36、hich is similar to a man with a prison background. In connection with the problems, it is necessary that a group of translation error correcting team be organized to find out the mistakes. Furthermore, the regulation team is also needed to check the translation quality. Also, improvement both in Chi

37、nese and English is a long but natural road to go.3. Literature Review3.1 Functionalist Approach and Skopotheorie3.1.1 A Brief Introduction to Functionalist ApproachA linguistics-apt translation had almost fixed from 1950s to 1960s, represented mainly by the structual linguistics, who regarded langu

38、ages as codes, thus translation was only considered as a tool to decode, before the functionist theory began to emerge with its forerunners such as K.Reiss, H.J. Vermeer, C. Nord, J.H. Manttari and the like in 1970s.“Functionalist” means “focusing on the function or functions of texts and translatio

39、ns”(Christiane Nord, 1997:1). This theory covers various translation approaches, most from German School of Functionist and some notions like the Text-Typology out of the English Scholar Newmark and the Functional Equivalence from the American Scholar Eugene A.Nida.The development of the Functionist

40、 Theory covers three stages.Phase one: listing the function of the text as one of the translation criticism standards, K.Reiss once proposed the special purpose of the translation as a new standard for it. That is to utilize the relationship between the original text and the translated version to as

41、sess the translation, which is called the functional equivalence between the original text and the translated version. So K.Reiss classified texts into four types: “the content-focused text”, “the form-focused text”, “the appeal-focused text” and “the audio-media text”, and attach varied translation

42、 approaches with different text types. Her theory, which based on the functional equivalence between the original text and the translated version, went to the unchangeable function from the original text to the translated one, that, in fact, could not hold water. Phase two was marked by the skopos r

43、ule, advocated by H.J. Vermeer, which broke through the limitation set in the former Functional Equivalance. H.J. Vermeer believed that translation is a cross-cultural activity which has its specific purpose. The traditional translation theories held only three participants in tranlationthe author (

44、the addresser), the translator and the translated-version reader (the addressee) while the functionist theory added not only the sponsor for translating activities, the translated-version user but the final receiver as well.The third phase witnessed the loyalty rule added to the already updated func

45、tionist theory, which was well defined to square the target-language intention with the author.3.1.2 Skopotheorie“Skopostheorie has played a major role in the development of this trend” (Christiane Nord, 1997:1). It is put forward by H.J. Vermeer and often more familiar to us with alternative expres

46、sionskopos rule. “Vermeer defines human action as intentional, purposeful behaviour that takes place in a given situation” (Christiane Nord, 1997:13). And he explained it by telling the same routine everyday life of an Indian and a German. Even though the two have done identical things such as “gett

47、ing out of bed, taking a shower, brushing teeth and cleanse the mouth, putting on clean clothes, praying, taking a cup of tea and so on” their reflections to your questionwhat have you done this morningare quite different. That is due to their habits and that is why “Vermeer defines human action as

48、intentional, purposeful behaviour”. Because of this natural existence, our translation also have to follow this change. Therefore, we choose to focus on the receiver.For our choice, we need to know ABC about the difference between the addressee and the receiver. “The addressee is the prospective rec

49、eiver seen from the text producer's standpoint; the receiver is the person, group or institution that actually reads or listens to the text after it has been produced” (Christiane Nord, 1997:24).Furthormore, we are also required to have a clear mind of a group of words related to skopos such as

50、purpose, aim, intention, function and the like.“Aim” (Ziel) is defined as the final result an agent intends to achieve by means of an action (cf. Vermeer 1986a:239). For example, a person may learn Chinese in order to read Li T' ai-po in the on final (Vermeer1989a:93).“Purpose” (Zweck) is define

51、d as a provisional stage in the process of attaining an aim. “Aim” and “purpose” are thus relative concepts. For example, somebody goes out to buy a Basque grammar (purpose 1) in order to learn the language (purpose 2) in order to be able to translate Basque short stories (purpose 3) in order to mak

52、e Basque literature known to other language communities (aim) (example adapted from Vermeer 1989a:94).“Function” (Funktion) refers to what a text means or is intended to mean from the receiver's point of view, whereas the aim is the purpose for which it is needed or supposed to be needed (cf. Ve

53、rmeer 1989a:95). “Intention” (Intention orAbsicht) is conceived as an "aim-oriented plan of action" (Vermeer 1978 1983:41) on the part of both the sender and the receiver, pointing toward an appropriate way of producing or understanding the text (cf. Vermeer 1986a:414). The term intention

54、is also equated with function of the action (Reiss and Vermeer 1984:98).In order to avoid this conceptual confusion, I have proposed a basic distinction between intention and function (Nord 1988 1991:47f). “Intention” is defined from the viewpoint of the sender, who wants to achieve a certain purpos

55、e with the text. Yet the best of intentions do not guarantee a perfect result, particularly in cases where the situations of the sender and the receiver differ considerably. In accordance with the model of text-bound interaction, the receivers use the text with a certain function, depending on their

56、 own expectations, needs, previous knowledge and situational conditions. In an ideal situation the sender's intention will find its aim, in which case intention and function would be analogous or even identical.”It first occurs to me where the latest authorized general translation theory goes. B

57、y consulting my paper instructor, looking up reference materials via both translation journals and works and with the help of internet resources, I finally have my eyes fixed on the Functionist Theory which includes three major principles for translation “the skopos rule” (the fundamental one), upon which attentions also need to be paid to the “royalty rule” as well as the “coherence rule” added by the translation scholars. The “skopos rule” is put forward by H.J. Vermeer in the second phase of the evolution of the Functionist Theory. H.J. Vermee