初中英語非謂語動(dòng)詞(教師用)

1、初中英語分類練習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂 語的動(dòng)詞形式。動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式分為 動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞 不定式。Climbing mountain is a good exercise. （Climbing.,動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用）Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing .分詞起形容詞作用）He gets up early to catch the first bus. （to catch 不定式起副詞作用） 謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：1）謂語動(dòng)詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語，而非謂語動(dòng)詞不能單

2、獨(dú)作謂語。Miss Mary teaches us English.瑪麗教我們英語。（teaches動(dòng)詞作謂語） Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk.不定式作狀語）2）謂語動(dòng)詞受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語動(dòng)詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。Mike likes the pop music.（動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式）Lucy has nothing to do today。 （ do 用原形）非謂語動(dòng)詞的特征：1如果非謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，后面須跟賓語。Studying English i

3、s my favorite. （studying 后跟賓語）To help him is my duty.幫助他是我的責(zé)任。（help后跟賓語）2非謂語動(dòng)詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。Working under such a condition is terrible. （under such a condition 是 working 的狀語）It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time. （for him 作不定 式的邏輯主語）3非謂語動(dòng)詞仍有語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。I am sorry to hav

4、e kept you waiting long. （to have kept.是不定式的完成形式） Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful. （Seen from.是分 詞的被動(dòng)形式）4非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來使用。Our coming made him happy. （coming 起名詞作用）There are two big swimming pools here. （swimming 起形容詞作用）非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式變化：不定式主 動(dòng)被動(dòng)一 般to writeto be written進(jìn) 行to

5、 be writing完 成to have writtento have been written完成進(jìn)行to have been writing現(xiàn)在分詞主 動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般writingbeing written完 成having writtenhaving been written過去分詞豐動(dòng)被動(dòng)written動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)被 動(dòng)一般writing being written完成having written having been written且動(dòng)詞不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式是由to +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔(dān)任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。1 .動(dòng)詞不定式作主語：To mast

6、 a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.It's my pleasure to help you.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)可以放在后面，而用 it作形式主語放在原主語的位置上。It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你給了我們那么多的幫助真是太好了。It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目擊者。2 .動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語：某些及物動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，這些動(dòng)詞有decide, begi

7、n, help, begin, want, wish,like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3 .動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語。We expect you to be with us.我們希望你和我們?cè)谝黄?。Please ask him to come here quickly.請(qǐng)叫他快過來。4 .動(dòng)詞不定式作表語：What I should do is to finish the task soon.我應(yīng)該做的是趕快完成任務(wù)。The most urgen

8、t thing is to find the boy immediately.當(dāng)務(wù)之急是馬上去找孩子。5 .動(dòng)詞不定式作定語：There are many ways to solve the problem. 有許多方法能解決這個(gè)問題。I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告訴你。6 .不定式作狀語：We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我們?nèi)メt(yī)院看了我們的老師。She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tib

9、et flower.她在做試驗(yàn)，從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式：not + to + 動(dòng)詞原形The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老師告訴我們不要在那條河里游泳。It's unfair not to tell us.沒告訴我們真是不公平。帶疑問詞的不定式：疑問詞who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，構(gòu)成不定式短語， 使含義更加具體。Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方還不知道。I don't know whe

10、n to begin.我不知道什么時(shí)間開始。Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告訴我哪兒能買到電池嗎？Do you know how to get to the station. 你知道怎樣去車站嗎？帶邏輯主語的不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成方法是：for +邏輯主語+不定式。注意：邏輯主語用賓格形式，for本身無實(shí)際意義，它只表明后面的主語從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語。It's necessary for us to help each other.我們互相幫忙是必要的。There are much work for

11、me to finish, 有許多工作要我去完成。動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式：表示不定式動(dòng)詞同所修飾的名詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。He is the man to be examined. 他是受檢查的人。There are much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。，動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞原形+ ing構(gòu)成，同現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，在句中可作主語，賓語，表語和定語。1）動(dòng)名詞作主語：Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important .Putting on more clothes is not so good .（注

12、：動(dòng)名詞可以象動(dòng)詞不定式一樣，用 it先行祠代替，而把動(dòng)名詞寫在后面。It's no use waiting here, let's go home.It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2）動(dòng)名詞作表語The nurse's job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3）動(dòng)名詞作賓語有些動(dòng)詞須用動(dòng)名詞來作賓語，它們是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy,miss, keep.Please s

13、top smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?4）動(dòng)名詞作定語She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.（動(dòng)名詞的否定形式：not +動(dòng)名詞He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假裝全然不知。We considered not doing it now.我們考慮現(xiàn)在不做這件事。動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式：（當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞和它的邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)

14、形式來表示。）His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really stand being treated like that.動(dòng)名詞的幾種特殊情況：1）有些動(dòng)詞的后面能跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語，有些動(dòng)詞能跟不定式，有些兩者都可以，它們的具體含義有時(shí)還不一樣。能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞有：avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, s

15、uggest, understand, can't help, 等。能跟不定式的動(dòng)詞有：decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式的動(dòng)詞有：love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend,attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,動(dòng)詞后面

16、跟動(dòng)名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來說，表示習(xí)慣的，一般性的動(dòng)作多跟動(dòng)名詞，一次性的具體的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作多跟不定式。I like to go with you.我想和你一塊兒去。I like reading.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.2） remember, forget, regret后面跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞表示過去的動(dòng)作，后面跟不定式時(shí)，不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作。I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3） "

17、;stop +動(dòng)名詞"表示停止動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作，"stop +不定式"表示停下來做不定式所表示的動(dòng)作。Stop smoking, please.請(qǐng)不要抽煙。Let's stop to have a rest.咱們停下來休息一下吧。4）動(dòng)名詞和分詞的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而分詞作定語時(shí)，分詞和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。reading text閱讀課文動(dòng)名詞developing country 發(fā)展中國家分詞a sleeping bag睡袋動(dòng)名詞boiled water開水分詞9_分詞分詞是由動(dòng)詞 +ing或

18、動(dòng)詞+ ed構(gòu)成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語，表語，狀語。 working worked washing washed分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞的形式同動(dòng)名詞一樣，在動(dòng)詞后面加ing。而過去分詞的形式則在動(dòng)詞后面加ed.分詞在句中可作定語，狀語或表語。1 .分詞作定語China is a developing country.That's an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定語的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后，如被修飾的名詞是 so

19、mething, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。The working people have played a great role in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting. 沒什么有趣的事。分詞和動(dòng)名詞都可以作定語，判斷是分詞還是動(dòng)名詞，可以根據(jù)它們和被修飾詞有無邏輯上 的主謂關(guān)系來判斷，有主謂關(guān)系的是分詞，否則判斷為動(dòng)名詞。a swimming girl 游泳

20、的女孩。（分詞）a swimming pool 游泳的池子（動(dòng)名詞）2 .分詞作狀語Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3 .分詞作表語The story is interesting .We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The water

21、is boiled.4 .分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語可以跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動(dòng)詞有see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get等詞。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語用過去分詞常表示動(dòng)作不是句子的主語發(fā)出的，而是由別人做的。I have my hair cut.我理發(fā)了。（是別人給我理發(fā)）She has her bike repaired.她把自行車修理了。（別人修理的）They have their house rebuilt.他們重修了房