課標(biāo)高考英語科命題思路(共13頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上新課標(biāo)高考英語科命題思路 全國各地將繼續(xù)實(shí)行“全國統(tǒng)一考試分省自主命題”的原則，但是它們都將依據(jù)教育部考試中心的“注重基礎(chǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)用，突出能力”的“命題總體思路”進(jìn)行命制。結(jié)合近幾年全國及各地英語卷特點(diǎn)，高考英語試卷具體有以下七條命題思路： 【命題思路一】語言真實(shí)，素材源于生活 全國各地的高考試卷從聽力、單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、閱讀理解到短文改錯(cuò)和書面表達(dá)各大題型的內(nèi)容均與學(xué)生的日常生活活動(dòng)息息相關(guān)，具有較強(qiáng)的時(shí)代感，并且注重人文關(guān)懷。英語試題會(huì)繼續(xù)體現(xiàn)這樣的一個(gè)原則：創(chuàng)設(shè)真實(shí)的語言環(huán)境、運(yùn)用地道的語言、選用貼進(jìn)學(xué)生生活學(xué)習(xí)的具有時(shí)代感的素材。這要求考生在備考時(shí)，要具備相

2、當(dāng)豐富的生活文化知識(shí)，還要有一定的人文素養(yǎng)。 高考所測試的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，不僅包括基礎(chǔ)語音、基礎(chǔ)語法和大約1,200個(gè)基礎(chǔ)詞匯，而且還包括“基礎(chǔ)話題”，如：個(gè)人情況、家庭、朋友、學(xué)校生活等等。這類基礎(chǔ)話題都是在初中一、二年級(jí)就已經(jīng)接觸過的，而且一直見諸于初高中各個(gè)年級(jí)的語料之中。 僅就聽力理解而言，據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)“英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”所列的“1、個(gè)人情況”、“2、家庭、朋友與周圍的人”、“4、日常生活”、“5、學(xué)校生活”和“16、旅游和交通”等多種基礎(chǔ)話題，例如全國卷出現(xiàn)的場景有銀行場景、購物場景、租房場景、打電話場景等，湖北卷聽力部分的對(duì)后一段獨(dú)白是有關(guān)英語在線學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容，這都是考生在日常生活中

3、非常熟悉的。 單選部分的題干設(shè)置所涉及的話題也基本來源于生活，考生們都比較熟悉。例如:Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?_. Ours is much stronger than theirs. A. Of course     B. It depends    C. Dont mention it    D. By no means這個(gè)小對(duì)話的話題是有關(guān)

4、大家都很關(guān)注的亞運(yùn)會(huì)，“你認(rèn)為在即將到來的亞運(yùn)會(huì)上他們的乒乓球隊(duì)會(huì)得第一么？”，結(jié)合對(duì)方的回答“我們的國家隊(duì)比他們國家隊(duì)強(qiáng)多了。”可以得出答案D. By no means 絕對(duì)不可能。 再比如 More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities _ space. A. in search of      B. in place of     C. for lack of      D. for fear of這

5、道題涉及到在大城市很常見的高樓大廈?！霸絹碓蕉嗟哪μ齑髽窃诖蟪鞘斜唤ㄆ鹗怯捎谌狈臻g?！备鶕?jù)句意還有各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義：A. 尋找，B. 代替，C. 因缺乏，D. 生怕、以免可以得出答案C。 完形填空，閱讀理解以及書面表達(dá)不僅涵蓋這些基礎(chǔ)話題，而且增加了諸如：“24、文學(xué)與藝術(shù)”、“17、語言學(xué)習(xí)”、“18、自然”、“20、科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)”等等“ 熱點(diǎn)話題 ”，尤其是，諸如有關(guān)“7、個(gè)人感情”、“8、人際關(guān)系”等“社會(huì)話題”的哲理思辨文章。這在一定程度上豐富了閱讀理解能力的測試要求。 例如完形填空，有文章講的是醫(yī)生和一名年老病人之間的事，從醫(yī)生和病人交流的過程中來闡釋這位年老病人的愛情觀和生活

6、觀，文章結(jié)尾部分升華主題，發(fā)人深思。還有的完型填空的選材是通俗易懂的記述文，通過一個(gè)孩子的自述，向讀者展示了其繼母如何用熱情和鼓勵(lì)幫助他及其家人如何獲得成功故事。還有的記敘文，主要描寫自己從最初接觸英英詞典的驚異，到習(xí)慣使用英英詞典以及使用英語詞典的好處。這些文章無論是題材內(nèi)容還是體裁風(fēng)格都為考生所熟悉。 近年高考閱讀理解文章的選材更趨現(xiàn)代化、生活化，進(jìn)一步突出實(shí)用性和時(shí)代性，更廣泛地涉及到社會(huì)、自然、科學(xué)，人生觀等日常生活各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。例如有的閱讀理解講述了美國城市的新變遷；農(nóng)業(yè)在利用淡水資源方面存在的問題；主編的勸說同行要注重手下記者的職業(yè)發(fā)展，激發(fā)他們的潛能的公開信等。這些文章都取自于日常生

7、活。 寫作部分的短文改錯(cuò)基本上都是一篇貼近學(xué)生生活的記敘文，有的甚至是學(xué)生平時(shí)的習(xí)作。 例如陜西卷短文改錯(cuò)是作者姐姐去超市購物買茶杯的經(jīng)歷： My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day. She liked it at once. Then she bent down and picked up to look at a price on it. As she did this, lots of tea splashed on her T-shirt! I had to try hardly not to laug

8、h at her shocked face! My sister wanted get out of the shop as fast as she could when a shop assistant came over to us. It was turned out to be her own cup, that shed left on the shelf by mistake. The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister,     for I just thought it w

9、as funny!書面表達(dá)的取材也多是和學(xué)生生活密切相關(guān)的，讓學(xué)生做到有話可說。例如要學(xué)生就“please、 thank you、sorry”等禮貌用語的魔力寫一篇半開放作文；要求學(xué)生在電視、手機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)三者中放棄其中一個(gè)并陳述理由。 如果考生平時(shí)知識(shí)面較廣，對(duì)這些內(nèi)容的背景知識(shí)有一定程度的了解，不僅會(huì)從平時(shí)的閱讀中獲得一些益處，在考試時(shí)也能游刃有余，這樣的選材會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展起到良好的促進(jìn)作用。 【命題思路二】盡量保持英語原材料語言的真實(shí)性 學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)語言時(shí)，接觸的都是一些情景真實(shí)、語言地道的語言材料，因?yàn)檫@樣才能夠真正體會(huì)到該語言所承載的文化，學(xué)習(xí)到不同情景下所使用的實(shí)實(shí)在在的語言。語言學(xué)

10、習(xí)是這樣，語言測試也應(yīng)該是這樣，本著這一原則，2012年試題會(huì)盡力保持所選材料的原始風(fēng)格，但是結(jié)合學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平，按照高考對(duì)學(xué)生的能力要求簡單的進(jìn)行了一些修改，主要是在詞匯方面。 比如聽力部分一段材料是一份學(xué)校對(duì)于新生的歡迎詞： Welcome to Montfort School, thank you for choosing our school and for joining the happy Montfort family, which has been educating boys since 1916. We are so happy that you have taken ti

11、me off to be with us today. It is with great pleasure that we have prepared some events that we hope will please you. At 9:00 am, our headmaster will give a welcome speech; this will be in the school hall. Please be sited by 8:45 am. Following the speech, its the guide tour of the exhibition at 9:30

12、, here you can see the proud history of our school and our achievements in the field of education. The exhibition is laid out in the classrooms on the 2nd floor. Then the guide tour of science labs at 10:20 am, here you can see the subjects that new students will be studying. You will also notice th

13、at our labs have excellent equipment. At 11:00 am, you will be guided to the tool to practical areas. This covers our technical workshops, music, and other areas of our school life. At Montfort, we believe in all around development of our students. Lunch will be at 12:00. It has been specially prepa

14、red for our guests. All our teachers and student leaders will be present to answer any questions that you have in your minds. We are so happy that you could be with us today. 像這樣的內(nèi)容在國外學(xué)校中非常常見，命題人把里面的詞匯和內(nèi)容稍作改變，使得中國的學(xué)生能更容易理解和接受。 閱讀理解中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些國外的廣告，國外報(bào)紙的新聞報(bào)道和科普雜志節(jié)選的短文等內(nèi)容，例如關(guān)于莎士比亞故居和展覽的廣告；關(guān)于溫莎城堡的旅游廣告；有關(guān)法

15、國游客有救落水兒童感動(dòng)紐約的新聞報(bào)道；關(guān)于飛機(jī)飛行和地球引力的科技短文等。 這些材料都是取材于國外的報(bào)刊雜志等，情景真實(shí)，語言準(zhǔn)確地道。通過做這些題，學(xué)生不僅可以對(duì)國外的生活、時(shí)事、科技動(dòng)態(tài)有所了解，最重要的是能熟悉說英語國家的一些用語習(xí)慣，感受地道英語，這對(duì)于學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語有著很大的幫助。 【命途思路三】著重考查考生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力 學(xué)習(xí)語言特別是學(xué)習(xí)外語，不掌握一定的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)是談不上對(duì)語言的實(shí)際應(yīng)用的。高考卷對(duì)考生基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合應(yīng)用能力有一定的要求。在語法、詞匯考查方面，試卷對(duì)中國學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語感到最難掌握的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及復(fù)雜的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)考查。對(duì)動(dòng)詞的喜好表現(xiàn)的更是明

16、顯，而在考查動(dòng)詞的題目中，時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)題又在各地的高考卷中都占有很大比例。 例如： （湖南卷） I walked slowly through the market, where people      all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell          B. were selling 

17、;    C. had sold         D. have sold     這道題根據(jù)選項(xiàng)可以得知考察動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，根據(jù)題干中“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判斷此處表示“人們當(dāng)時(shí)正在出售各種水果和蔬菜”，即表示過去某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故選B項(xiàng)。 （全國卷I）The discovery of gold in Australia led thous

18、ands to believe that a fortune _. A. is made       B. would make    C. was to be made   D. had made 該題句意為：在澳洲金礦的發(fā)現(xiàn)使千百人相信將會(huì)發(fā)財(cái)。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)此題考察時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。make fortune譯為發(fā)財(cái)，make在句中需要使用被動(dòng)形式，因此排除B和D，題干中l(wèi)ed提示時(shí)間為過去，因此選擇C。be to do譯為“將會(huì)、將要”，was to be made表示過去將來。 除了動(dòng)詞的

19、時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)，動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析以及非謂語動(dòng)詞也都是考察熱點(diǎn)。 例如： （山東卷） Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.A. brought up     B. looked up      C. picked up      D. set up該句句意應(yīng)為“山姆只是憑借看別人操作電腦就學(xué)到了一些電腦知識(shí)?！北硎尽皩W(xué)會(huì)” 用pick up。 p

20、ick up另外還有“撿起; 順車接送,搭載；收拾，整理；重新開始；獲得”等義； bring up 表示“撫養(yǎng)，教育；提出；嘔吐”；look up 表示“向上看；（形勢）好轉(zhuǎn)，改善； 查閱”；set up表示“建立，設(shè)置；造成，產(chǎn)生”，故答案選C。 (湖北卷)  Had he _ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A. looked up to   B. lived up to    C. kept up with    

21、;  D. come up with 該題的難點(diǎn)不僅僅在于這四個(gè)詞組的辨析，更主要的是考生要讀得懂這個(gè)句子的意思。該句是典型的虛擬語氣， “if” 引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句的倒裝句，描述的事于過去事實(shí)是相反的?！叭绻?dāng)年履行了自己的諾言，她就會(huì)進(jìn)入耶魯大學(xué)了。”look up to譯為“抬頭看，尊重”；keep up with譯為“跟上，追上”；come up with譯為“追趕上；想出；提出”；只有l(wèi)ive up to“履行，實(shí)行”符合題意。 （北京卷）25. I'm calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterday

22、9;s China Daily.A. advertised      B. to be advertised       C. advertising       D. having advertised本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。該句的句意為：我打電話來咨詢下昨天中國日?qǐng)?bào)上刊登職位的信息。 the position肯定是被廣告的，此處的過去分詞可以理解為一個(gè)定語從句which was advertised，故答案選A。 除了動(dòng)詞外，

23、考查從句的題目在歷年高考題中也占有不小比例。在各地試卷中，考察狀語從句、定語從句、名詞性從句的題目每年都會(huì)出現(xiàn)23題。 例如： （江西卷） The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where         B who          

24、 C which             D what此題考察定語從句。定語從句的先行詞為centre而不是her sister，如果先行詞找不對(duì)容易誤選B。定語從句she would stay for an hour 不缺賓語或主語, 故要填狀語, 表地點(diǎn)用關(guān)系副詞where。股答案選A（浙江卷） It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand

25、patients have taken it. Athat        Bwhat          Chow      Dwhether本題考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)句意：盡管大約有兩千名病人服用過這種藥物，但是，它會(huì)帶來什么樣的副作用還不確定。side effect意思是“副作用”，還原主語從句中的主干是the medicine will bring about _ side effect。故選擇what，起修飾作用，譯

26、為“什么樣的”。 (上海卷) _ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A. However a serious problem             B. What a serious problemC. However serious a problem          &#

27、160;  D. What serious a problem該題考查讓步狀語從句，根據(jù)句意“無論你有多么嚴(yán)重的問題，你都應(yīng)該鼓起勇氣面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)”排除B、D， however做連接副詞，相當(dāng)于no matter how，后接形容詞或副詞，意為“無論、不管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其序?yàn)椤癶owever+形容詞、副詞+主語+謂語”。 就總體而言各地高考卷單項(xiàng)選擇題重視基礎(chǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)語境，注重運(yùn)用。知識(shí)點(diǎn)覆蓋面廣，動(dòng)詞所占的比例大，考點(diǎn)相對(duì)集中，題目整體難度不大，無偏題、怪題，強(qiáng)調(diào)在語境中運(yùn)用英語。雖然歷年有些常見考點(diǎn)并沒有涉及，但備戰(zhàn)2012年高考的考生對(duì)于這些語法點(diǎn)還是不能小視，一定要徹底理解

28、，畢竟高考英語是綜合語法點(diǎn)的考核。 高考對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力的要求在完形填空題部分的體現(xiàn)是對(duì)考生在正確理解上下文內(nèi)容、理順上下文邏輯和情節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)基礎(chǔ)詞匯、語法知識(shí)的掌握情況進(jìn)行考查。 例如湖北卷完形填空： The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to   31     the seats,

29、settled in one of them. It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of     32   . Susans husband Mark watched her    33   into hopelessness and he was    34 &

30、#160;  to use every possible means to help his wife. Finally, Susan felt ready to   35    to her job, but how would she get there? She used to take the bus, but she was now too     36    to get around the city by herself. Mark 

31、60; 37   to ride the bus with Susan each morning and evening    38    she could manage it by herself. For two weeks, Mark   39    Susan to and from work each day. He taught her how to rely on her other   40   

32、, specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new    41    . At last, Susan decided that she was ready to try the trip   42   . Monday morning arrived. Before she left, she hugged her husband   43  

33、; , her eyes filled with tears of gratitude（感激）. She said good-bye and, for the first time, they went their    44    ways. Each day went perfectly, and a wild excitement    45    Susan. She was doing it!On Friday morning, Susan took the bus

34、 to work   46   . As she was getting off the bus, the driver said, “Miss, I sure   47   you.” Curious, Susan asked the driver   48    . “You know, every morning for the    49   week, a fine-looking gentleman in

35、 a military uniform has been standing across the corner watching you until you enter your office building safely,” the bus driver said. Tears of happiness poured down Susans cheeks. She was so lucky for he had given her a gift more powerful than   50   , that is the gift of love

36、that can bring light where there is darkness. 31. A. touch           B. grab             C. count            D. feel32. A. weakness      

37、60;  B. sickness       C. darkness      D. sadness33. A. run              B. sink              C. jump      &#

38、160;      D. step34. A. inspired            B. determined        C. honored       D. pleased35. A. return              

39、B. adjust           C. contribute         D. stick36. A. tired             B. astonished        C. depressed       

40、  D. frightened37. A. volunteered      B. attempted         C. continued          D. struggled38. A. when           B. as        &

41、#160;   C. until              D. after39. A. drove           B. directed        C. accompanied    D. sent40. A. feeling      

42、        B. organs              C. skills             D. senses41. A. position            B. environment C. status  

43、         D. role42. A. on her own       B. in person      C. to her benefit    D. on foot43. A. politely              B. calmly    

44、0;      C. briefly           D. tightly44. A. opposite      B. separate       C. fixed             D. lonely45. A. took charge of  B. took p

45、lace of    C. took advantage of  D. took hold of46. A. as usual           B. as a rule       C. as well              D. as a consequence47. A. respect   &#

46、160;         B. envy             C. know            D. support48. A. what            B. how      

47、60;       C. why              D. who49. A. past             B. same            C. first       &

48、#160;      D. next50. A. courage            B. will           C. sight             D. wisdom這篇完形填空的文章原型來源于一片叫作“The Blind Bus Passenger”的文章。講的是一個(gè)盲

49、人乘客的故事。20道題的設(shè)置基本考察了學(xué)生對(duì)于文章的理解能力，和根據(jù)上下文理解單句的能力，同時(shí)也考查了不少基本語法問題，比如從句，被動(dòng)語態(tài)，固定搭配以及動(dòng)詞短語的選擇。比如考查動(dòng)詞辨析的有31、33、35、37、39、47題，考查名詞辨析的有32、4041、50題，考查形容詞副詞辨析的有34、36、43題，下面我們來具體分析一下。 31. D考生要知道盲人是看不見的，所有的動(dòng)作都是靠摸索的，其實(shí)這是常識(shí)問題，據(jù)此可知應(yīng)該選擇“feel”(摸索，感知), 而不應(yīng)該是“有目的”地去“touch”（觸碰）.32. C 盲人陷入到黑暗的世界，這種表達(dá)在中文里面我們也使用，所以明顯應(yīng)該是“a world

50、 of darkness”； 33. B 單純考查詞匯，sink into hopeless, 描述人陷入到絕望之中，“sink”表示下沉，和人陷入絕望的狀態(tài)是符合的。 34. B be determined to do sth. 下決心做某事，當(dāng)然也可以用 make up ones mind to do sth. 35. A 人殘志不殘，她想回到工作之中去，作返回來講return 是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)檫xD。 36. D 考查形容詞。frightened表示恐懼。 37. A該題考查動(dòng)詞辨析，volunteer表示志愿去幫助Susan。 38. C Until在這里是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。

51、狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞也是個(gè)考查重點(diǎn)。 39. C accompany表示“陪伴”，既然Mark是來幫助Susan的，顯然就來陪伴她的。 40. D盲人失去的是 “sight”實(shí)力，其它的sense（感覺）還是存在的。 41. B 簡單的詞匯辨析題，盲人需要適應(yīng)的是新的environment“環(huán)境”，而不是新的position“位置”等。 42. A  on ones own表示“靠某人自己”本文一直都是在表揚(yáng)這位盲人的毅力和堅(jiān)持，希望能夠靠自己來維持自己的正常生活。 43. D擁抱自己的丈夫，而且是在分別的時(shí)候，感慨萬千的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該有的動(dòng)作當(dāng)然是tightly緊緊的，而不是其它的類似于p

52、olitely禮貌的。 44. B在接受了別人的幫助后，Susan終于要獨(dú)自一人登上旅程了。他們各自走各自的路， “separate”表示“分別的”，其實(shí)她的背后有很多默默支持她的人，顯然不是 “l(fā)onely”“孤獨(dú)的”這樣的詞。 45. D 考察動(dòng)詞短語辨析。take hold of“吸引”； take place of“代替”；take charge of“掌管”；take advantage of“利用”。 46. A as usual像往常一樣，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作再次發(fā)生。 47. B envy嫉妒，羨慕，仔細(xì)閱讀下面的文章，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，司機(jī)是準(zhǔn)備告訴Susan一個(gè)秘密。也就是要告訴她有

53、很多人在默默地支持和關(guān)懷她。所以，根據(jù)上下文的理解，可以知道此刻司機(jī)是要表達(dá)一種羨慕嫉妒之情，也是對(duì)Susan的一種寬慰。 48. C幾個(gè)疑問詞的選擇，根據(jù)句意即可得出。 49. A在過于的幾個(gè)星期中，英文應(yīng)該是 “for the past week” “next”表示的是下周，還沒發(fā)生的事情是不可能用完成時(shí)的，而且 “for”+一段時(shí)間，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志。 50. C sight表示“視力”。文中指的是，Susan雖然失去了視力，但是獲得了更多寶貴的東西。 通過對(duì)不同地區(qū)高考卷單選和完形填空的分析，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)高考卷對(duì)考生基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合應(yīng)用能力有較高的要求。學(xué)生在平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)當(dāng)中應(yīng)重視

54、語法、詞匯這些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用。 【命題思路四】選材體裁豐富、題材廣泛 包括完形填空在內(nèi)的閱讀理解文章，體裁豐富，有記敘文、議論文、告示類文體、廣告文體、說明文等，而文章的題材更是廣泛。多角度的選材和多層面的反映人們的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生活是高考中閱讀文章的特點(diǎn)。從整體上看，2011年各地高考英語試卷的閱讀材料都呈現(xiàn)出新的面貌，即命題重視新材料的運(yùn)用，所選材料貼近考生生活，有著較強(qiáng)的時(shí)代感，語言地道。 例如文章的體裁各不相同：有介紹旅游景點(diǎn)的應(yīng)用文；介紹學(xué)校教育的新聞報(bào)道；介紹一種鳥類的說明文；討論寵物對(duì)人類生活影響的議論文；講述去馬來西亞的火車之旅的記敘文；回憶自己寵物狗的記敘文；介紹了一種新的職業(yè)

55、-旅游評(píng)論家；報(bào)道北京首都的慶祝新年的活動(dòng)-滑雪；摘自旅游手冊(cè)的應(yīng)用文；闡述文字的起源和運(yùn)用的說明文等。 高考試題中閱讀文章體裁豐富，這就要求考生具備閱讀不同類型文章的綜合能力和科學(xué)方法。應(yīng)用文和新聞報(bào)道類文章是日常生活中最常見的兩種文體，題目難度不大，屬于送分題。在高考閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)這兩種文體，其一是要控制難度，其二也是希望通過閱讀理解部分，考查學(xué)生將英語當(dāng)作一種工具來使用并解決實(shí)際問題的能力。說明文、議論文和記敘文也屬于常見文章體裁。在說明文中命題人會(huì)使用多種說明方法，例如：舉例子、列數(shù)字、作比較等等。議論文的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密，論點(diǎn)論據(jù)明顯，考生只要能夠讀懂論點(diǎn)句（Topic Sentence

56、s），就不難把握文章的主旨大意。記敘文一定要注意故事情節(jié)和文章的感情色彩。通常這些文章雖然體裁和題材各異，但都具有一定的知識(shí)性和趣味性。 【命題思路五】突出對(duì)考生實(shí)際語言運(yùn)用能力的考查 聽、說、讀、寫是語言運(yùn)用中不可或缺的四項(xiàng)技能或稱四種表現(xiàn)形式，英語語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)（語法和詞匯等）是外語學(xué)習(xí)者必須掌握的基本內(nèi)容，而因考務(wù)實(shí)施方面的原因，“說（口頭表達(dá)能力）”技能在高考中暫時(shí)難以進(jìn)行考查。由此高考主要通過聽、讀、寫這三種形式來對(duì)考生進(jìn)行實(shí)際語言運(yùn)用能力的考查。這種考查主要體現(xiàn)在聽力、閱讀理解和寫作三部分中，在全卷占有很大的權(quán)重。 1. 聽力部分 學(xué)習(xí)語言主要是為了應(yīng)用，只掌握這門語言的詞匯和語法知

57、識(shí)已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)無法滿足現(xiàn)代英語應(yīng)用要求。作為語言“輸入”途徑之一的聽力現(xiàn)在也越來越受到高考命題人的重視。高考聽力部分考查的是考生對(duì)真實(shí)的口頭語言材料的理解情況。因此，語言材料一般均來源于實(shí)際生活，且一般是圍繞一個(gè)有關(guān)日常生活的話題展開，同時(shí)會(huì)有一些相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的支持。材料可以是一篇獨(dú)白，也可以是一段對(duì)話，對(duì)話一般僅在兩個(gè)人之間進(jìn)行，發(fā)生在賓館、辦公室、影劇院、車站等不同的地點(diǎn)，可能是在電話中，也可能是面對(duì)面?？荚嚧缶V就聽力部分對(duì)考生的要求為：理解聽力材料的主旨和要義；獲取事實(shí)性的具本信息；對(duì)所聽內(nèi)容做出簡單推斷并理解說話者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。 例如北京卷聽力部分第一題，考生會(huì)聽到這樣一段對(duì)話： W:

58、Congratulations! I hear you are going to join the army. M: Thanks. But actually, its my twin brother whos going to join the army. I am going to university. I wish to be a lawyer in the future. 然后回答1. What does the man want to be in the future?A. A soldier.       &#

59、160;   B. A lawyer.          C. A teacher.題干中的詞匯都非常簡單，但是如果考生不能理解聽力材料的含義，一聽到前半段的join the army就立即選擇A肯定錯(cuò)誤，聽過整個(gè)對(duì)話就能明白參軍的是他的雙胞胎兄弟，他的志向是上大學(xué)后當(dāng)律師，因此答案選B。But actually是做題關(guān)鍵。 再比如安徽卷聽力部分第6段材料，考生會(huì)聽到以下對(duì)話： M: Hello, Nora, I heard about a flat that might intere

60、st you girls. Its near the central bus station on the main road, and about 75 pounds a week, quite reasonable. The problem is, its only got two bedrooms, but I expect two of you could share.W: Well, as long as its to me, Ive got to have my own room, because Ive been working at home most of the time,

61、 any other information?M: Yes, its got a very big and well equipped kitchen, and I know you like cooking. So thats another point in its favor, but there is a small sitting room, and not much furniture yet. So let me know quickly if you want it or it will be taken.然后回答6、7小題 6. What do we know about N

62、ora?A. She prefers a room of her own.B. She likes to work with other girls.C. She lives near the city center.7.What is good about the flat？ A. It has a large sitting room.B. It has good furnitureC. It has a big kitchen考生在閱讀題目后會(huì)猜測到這個(gè)對(duì)話是關(guān)Nora和公寓的，要做對(duì)題目，學(xué)生必須了解Nora和公寓中sitting room、furniture和kitchen的信息，其

63、余信息都可以忽略。整篇對(duì)話難度不大，只有its to me可能考生比較陌生，但是根據(jù)上下文可以得出是“適合我”的意思。根據(jù)對(duì)話中女子所說的Ive got to have my own room 可以得出第6題答案A，根據(jù)男子所說的its got a very big and well equipped kitchen以及a small sitting room, and not much furniture可得出第7題答案C。 由此可見學(xué)生不僅要具備一定的詞匯和語法知識(shí)，更要具有語音語調(diào)知識(shí)，了解說英語國家人們的用語習(xí)慣，這樣才能做到理解無誤。     

64、 2. 閱讀部分      語言“輸入”的另外一個(gè)重要的途徑就是閱讀，讀是我國學(xué)生接觸外語的主要途徑。閱讀各類英語讀物可以幫助擴(kuò)大詞匯量，加深對(duì)英語的認(rèn)識(shí)，了解英語國家的文化，可以在很大程度上影響聽、說、寫水平的提高。所以，閱讀理解長期以來一直出現(xiàn)在高考英語試卷中，且被賦予了較高的內(nèi)容和分值比例。 閱讀部分考查考生的閱讀理解能力，而所謂閱讀理解能力即是指對(duì)文章的整體和局部信息的理解和掌握情況，突出了對(duì)考生實(shí)際語言運(yùn)用能力的考查。整體提的是文章的主旨要義、作者的態(tài)度、意較、上下文的邏輯關(guān)系等；局部則是指分散于文中的特定信息。學(xué)生如果只知道文章中單詞和句子的

65、意思，但是不能對(duì)文章的主旨、作者的態(tài)度、上下文的邏輯關(guān)系、文中的特定信息等做出正確的理解和判斷的話，在閱讀部分是得不到高分的?？荚嚧缶V關(guān)于閱讀方面對(duì)于考生作出了以下要求：理解主旨和要義；理解文中具體信息；根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；作出簡單判斷和推理；理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。 例如北京卷閱讀理解A篇： AGoldie's Secret     She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No

66、 way, not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. "We're moving house.' "No space for her any more with the baby coming." "We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present." People find all sorts of excuses

67、 for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.     I called her Goldie. If I had known what was going to happen I would have givenher a more creative name. She was so unsettled during those first few days. She hardly ate anything and had su

68、ch an air of sadness about her. There was nothing I could do to make her happy, it seemed. Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owner's. But eventually at the end of the first week she calmed down. Always by my side, whether we were out on one of our long walks or sitting by the

69、 fire.     That's why it was such a shock when she pulled away from me one day when we were out for a walk. We were a long way from home, when she started barking and getting very restless. Eventually I couldn't hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards

70、a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could.     By the time I reached the farm I was very tired and upset with Goldie. But when I saw her licking (舔) the four puppies (幼犬) I started to feel sympathy towards them. "We didn't know what had happened to her," said

71、 the woman at the door. "I took her for a walk one day, soon after the puppies were born, and she just disappeared." "She must have tried to come back to them and got lost," added a boy from behind her. '     I must admit I do miss Goldie, but I've got

72、 Nugget now, and she looks just like her mother. And I've learnt a good lesson: not to judge people.     這篇文章夾敘夾議，考生在閱讀此類文章時(shí)要注意閱讀技巧：敘為議服務(wù)，議為敘指導(dǎo)。本篇題目由3個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題和一道文章結(jié)構(gòu)題組成，難度都不大。細(xì)節(jié)題要求學(xué)生把握文章中的原文，做合理推斷和轉(zhuǎn)述。比如57題，將unsettled理解成worried。文章結(jié)構(gòu)題基本屬于送分題，要求學(xué)生作答，此篇記敘文按照時(shí)間順序發(fā)展。 56. How did the au

73、thor feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house?A. Shocked.          B. Sympathetic.    C. Annoyed.      D. Upset.56.B該題要求做出情緒推斷，是一道較難題。此推斷題的難點(diǎn)在于，原文沒有直接的形容詞表述，要求學(xué)生通過具體的描述總結(jié)。原文第2段She hardly ate anything and had

74、such an air of sadness about her. There was nothing I could do to make her happy, it seemed. Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owner's.劃線句子表明作者同情被遺棄的小狗，希望幫助它高興起來。 57. In her first few days at the author's house, Goldie        .Afelt worried       B. w