新標(biāo)準大學(xué)英語綜合教程4課后翻譯

1、1. 第二學(xué)期,英國文學(xué)及宏觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)兩門課不及格給我敲響了警鐘，這可是我一生中第一次考試不及格，這大大打擊了我的自信心。雖然我不是一個容易向命運低頭的人，在暑假結(jié)束的時候，我還是決定放棄經(jīng)濟學(xué)，以免兩個專業(yè)都難以完成。當(dāng)我只需修一個專業(yè)的時候，一切似乎又回到了正軌。(sap ones confidence; bow to fate; come to a close; for fear that; now that)Failing English Literature and Macroeconomics in the second term sounded the alarm for me.

2、This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence. Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for fear that I would fail both subjects. Now that I had only one subject to

3、attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again.2. Indubitably the vast majority of books overlap one another. Few indeed are those which give the impression of originality, either in style or in content. Rare are the unique books less than 50, perhaps, out of the whole storehouse of lit

4、erature. In one of his recent autobiographical novels, Blaise Cendrars points out that Rémy de Gourmont, because of his knowledge and awareness of this repetitive quality in books, was able to select and read all that is worthwhile in the entire realm of literature. Cendrars himself who would s

5、uspect it? is a prodigious reader. He reads most authors in their original tongue.（ 幾處倒裝句應(yīng)靈活處理，以體現(xiàn)原文語氣。every last book the man has written 意思為 all the books he has written，要注意這段話的邏輯關(guān)系。If he is anything, he is a man of 一句中的 if 從句 起強調(diào)作用，說明他不是一個書生或思想家，而是一個行動家，此處需靈活翻譯。）不容置疑的是，大多數(shù)書都互相重復(fù)，在文體或內(nèi)容上讓人感到具有獨創(chuàng)性的

6、書實在是少之又少。在整個文學(xué)庫藏中，只有極少數(shù)作品或許不到50本是獨具一格的。在最近出版的一部自傳體小說中，布萊斯·桑德拉爾指出，古爾蒙之所以能夠選擇并通讀文學(xué)領(lǐng)域中一切值得讀的書籍，就是因為他知識淵博，并且了解書的這種重復(fù)性。桑德拉爾本人就是一個博覽群書的人，沒有人會懷疑這一點。他閱讀了大部分作家的原作。3. Not only that, but when he likes an author he reads every last book the man has written, as well as his letters and all the books that hav

7、e been written about him. In our day his case is almost unparalleled, I imagine. For, not only has he read widely and deeply, but he has himself written a great many books. All on the side, as it were. For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he is a man of action, an adventurer and explorer, a man who has

8、 known how to “waste” his time royally. He is, in a sense, the Julius Caesar of literature.不僅如此，一旦他喜歡上一個作家，他就會閱讀這個作家寫的每一本書，包括他的書信以及所有有關(guān)他的書籍。我猜想，在當(dāng)今世界上，幾乎沒有人能像他一樣，不僅讀得廣、讀得精，而且還著述頗豐。可以說這一切都是在業(yè)余時間完成的。因為桑德拉爾是一個十足的行動家，一個四處跋涉的冒險家和探險家，一個懂得如何“肆意浪費”時間的人。從某種意義上說，他是文學(xué)界的凱撒大帝。4. 張磊是在畢業(yè)工作后才開始意識到讀書的樂趣的。反思自己的大學(xué)教育時，

9、他感慨不已：他的一些同學(xué)都沉浸于從圖書館或書店找到的各種有趣的書籍， 而他卻只讀了一些教科書，其中連一本真正值得一讀、讓他愛不釋手的書都沒有。他可以說是被剝奪了通過書了解作家奇妙世界的特權(quán)。如今，他嗜書如命，廢寢忘食，好像要把大學(xué)期間沒機會讀的好書全都讀一遍。到目前為止他已經(jīng)利用業(yè)余時間讀了幾百本小說、傳記和游記。他意識到書不僅能向他展示一個充滿希望的前景，幫他消除現(xiàn)實生活中的壓力和疲勞，而且能夠幫他澄清一些誤解，找到生活的真諦。(reflect on; immerse in; lay hands on; worthwhile; in one sitting; so to speak; vis

10、ta; withstand)It was not until after he had graduated from university and started to work that Zhang Lei became aware of the pleasure of reading. Reflecting on his undergraduate studies, he lamented that he, unlike some of his classmates who had immersed themselves in various interesting books they

11、were able to lay hands on from the library or bookshops, had only read textbooks, none of which was really worthwhile, or could be read in one sitting. He was deprived of the privilege of gaining access to the writers fantastic worlds through the windows their books have opened, so to speak. Now he

12、has become an avid and omnivorous reader. It is as if he wants to read all those marvellous books he hadnt had a chance to read in his university days. By now, in his spare time, he has read several hundreds of books, including novels, biographies and travel notes. He realizes that books can not onl

13、y reveal to him the vista of a hopeful future and help him withstand stresses and strains, they can also help him clear up some misconceptions and discover the true meaning of life.5. Sometimes the hemline indicator, as its called, can even precede and predict a change in the mood of the stock marke

14、t long before it actually happens. In September 2007, at the New York fashion shows, which were displaying their styles for spring 2008, the trend was for much longer dresses and skirts, many to mid-calf or even down to the ankles. Some people felt this showed that the hemline indicator was no longe

15、r reliable, and that designers no longer dictated what people would wear. 有時候，所謂的裙擺標(biāo)志甚至能夠預(yù)示股市的行情。2007年9月的紐約時裝展展示了2008年春季流行式樣，潮流轉(zhuǎn)向了長衣、長裙，裙擺長及小腿中部，甚至到了腳踝。有人覺得這表明裙擺標(biāo)志靠不住了，服裝設(shè)計師已經(jīng)喪失了對時裝的主宰權(quán)。6. During the London and New York to drop. But sure enough, in the fall of 2008, the stock market indexes fell dra

16、matically when the banking crisis hit the US, Europe and then the rest of the world. Hemlines were no longer following the stock market they were showing the way and indicating future economic trends. 最后一句譯文需要用加詞譯法，加上“被動地”一詞可起強調(diào)作用，讓本句的意思更明確。2008年9月，在倫敦和紐約時裝展中，裙擺的高度繼續(xù)降低。果然，2008年秋天金融危機襲擊歐美，并波及全球，股指急劇下

17、跌。這時，裙擺不再被動地追隨股市的變化，而是預(yù)示股市行情及未來的經(jīng)濟趨勢。7. 一個人的穿著似乎能影響他的行為方式。譬如，在校內(nèi)要穿校服是中小學(xué)生所必須嚴格遵守的規(guī)矩之一。倘若在學(xué)生著裝整齊劃一和行為的統(tǒng)一規(guī)范之間不存在一種象征性關(guān)聯(lián)的話，校服便不可能如此盛行。 (hard and fast; there is no doubt that; currency; correlation)What you wear seems to dictate your behaviour. Take primary school and high school students for example. O

18、ne of the hard and fast rules they have to observe is that they must wear uniforms at school. There is no doubt that school uniforms would not have achieved their currency without a symbolic correlation between the uniformity of clothes and the students conformity to some common code of conduct. 8.

19、然而，多年的學(xué)校生活讓學(xué)生在內(nèi)心里對隨處可見的校服產(chǎn)生了抵觸情緒，校服畢竟壓制了個性的表達。為了彌補這種損失，學(xué)生常常會在周末穿流行的休閑裝。直到上了大學(xué)，他們才會享受真正的著裝自由，而服裝上的無序與大學(xué)培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力、鼓勵自由表達思想及展露才華密切相關(guān)。可惜這樣的好景不會太長，經(jīng)過一段相對短暫的自由之后，他們在畢業(yè)工作之后將再次經(jīng)歷著裝規(guī)范的壓力。 (backlash; ubiquitous; compensate for; anarchy; obtain; revive)However, after years of school life, there is always a backlas

20、h secretly nursed in the students mind against the ubiquitous uniform which suppresses the expression of individuality. To compensate for this loss, students usually wear more casual and popular clothes on weekends. It is not until they start university, however, that they can really enjoy the freed

21、om of dress, an anarchy associated with the cultivation of creativity and the encouragement of free expression of ideas and talents. But this situation wont obtain for long. After a relatively short time of liberty, they may experience again the revived pressure of dress code as soon as they become

22、professionals.9. （ 注意靈活翻譯某些名詞，如romantic reasons, dollars and cents, code, team, union等。適當(dāng)調(diào)整原文某些句子的語序以使譯文更通順。） Today, while most of us marry for romantic reasons, marriage at its core is still a financial union. So much of what we want or dont want out of life boils down to dollars and cents, whether

23、 its how hard we choose to work, how much we consume or how much we save. For some people, its working 80-hour weeks to finance a third home and country club membership; for others, it means cutting back on office hours to spend more time with the family. 如今，盡管我們大多數(shù)人是因相愛而結(jié)婚，婚姻從根本上講仍然是金錢上的結(jié)合。不管是工作的努力

24、程度，還是決定消費多少或儲蓄多少，我們生活中想要得到的或不想得到的許多東西歸根結(jié)底都跟錢有關(guān)。對一些人來說，他們想要的就是一周工作80小時來支付第三套房的房款和鄉(xiāng)村俱樂部的會員費；而對另一些人來說，他們想縮短上班時間，花更多的時間陪伴家人。10. “A lot of the debates people have about money are code for how we want to live our lives,” said Betsey Stevenson, assistant professor of business and public policy at the Unive

25、rsity of Pennsylvanias Wharton School, who researches the economics of marriage and divorce. “A lot of the choices we make in how we want to live our lives involve how we spend our money.”Making those choices as a team is one of the most important ways to preserve your marital assets, and your union

26、, experts say. But its that much easier when you already share similar outlooks on money matters or when you can, at the very least, find some middle ground. “有關(guān)錢的許多爭論是提示我們想如何生活的密碼，而生活方式的許多選擇則與如何花錢密切相關(guān)?！辟e夕法尼亞大學(xué)沃頓商學(xué)院的商業(yè)及公共政策助理教授貝齊·史蒂文森如是說，他研究婚姻和離婚經(jīng)濟學(xué)。 專家們說，夫妻共同做出這些選擇是維護婚姻資產(chǎn)及婚姻關(guān)系的最重要的方法之一。當(dāng)然，如果夫妻

27、雙方一開始就在錢的問題上看法相似，或者至少能夠在錢的問題上相互妥協(xié)，那么事情就好辦多了。11. 談及目前經(jīng)濟蕭條所帶來的影響，學(xué)生活動的減少就是一個很好的例證。為了活躍校園生活，大學(xué)愿意劃撥一部分資金來資助學(xué)生社團活動，但由于今年學(xué)校的預(yù)算大幅減少，對社團的資助也相應(yīng)縮減了不少。顯然，學(xué)生社團要恢復(fù)以前的活力就必須想辦法克服自身的經(jīng)濟困難。有人主張招募更多會員，因為會員費的增加可以幫助他們度過難關(guān)。 (when it comes to; carve out; pare down)When it comes to the effects of the current economic downt

28、urn, the decrease of student activities is a good case in point. To enliven campus life, the university is always willing to carve out some money for activities organized by student clubs and societies, but such sponsorships have been pared down this year because of huge budget cut. Apparently, stud

29、ent organizations need to weather their own financial crisis if they want to recover from their current state of inactiveness. Some suggest enrolling more club members, on the ground that the consequent increase of membership fees may help them get out of the difficulty12. 當(dāng)然，如果有更多的會員交年費，而且縮減一些日常開支，

30、我們還是能省下一些錢來組織活動的。但是，問題的關(guān)鍵在于社團活動的費用與參加活動的人數(shù)是成正比的，因此這種方法恐怕不太可行。要推進社團活動，同時又不使經(jīng)費超支，我們必須群策群力，拿出別的籌錢方法，而不是僅僅依賴學(xué)校撥款和會員費。(cut back on; bottom line; go into the red; pool; in lieu of) No doubt, if we have more members paying the annual fee, and if we cut back on our daily expenses, we can spare some money to

31、 organize activities. But the bottom line is that the expenses of these activities are in proportion to the number of participants. Im afraid this wont be of much help. To boost student activities and to avoid going into the red, we still need to pool our ideas and come up with some other ways of ra

32、ising money, in lieu of just relying on university grants and membership fees.13. ( 翻譯時注意原文的語氣，否則就可能不準確。)Women cant even fill out a form without telling stories about themselves. Most application forms now give four choices for titles. Men have one to choose “Mr.” so their choice carries no meaning

33、other than to say they are male. But women must choose among three, each of them marked. A woman who checks the box for “Mrs.” or “Miss” communicates not only whether she has been married but also that she has conservative tastes in forms of address, and probably other conservative values as well. 女

34、人一填表就會暴露自己的個人經(jīng)歷?，F(xiàn)在大多數(shù)的申請表會給出四種稱謂選擇。男人只有一種選擇，即“先生”（Mr.），這除了表明他們是男性之外沒有其他任何含義。女人則必須從三種稱謂中選一個，而任何一種都是標(biāo)記性的。如果一位女士勾選了“太太”（Mrs.）或者“小姐”（Miss）的稱謂，那么她不僅暴露了自己的婚姻狀況，而且還表明她在稱謂方面很保守，或許在其他價值觀念方面也很保守。14. Checking “Ms.” declines to let on about marriage (whereas “Mr.” declines nothing since nothing was asked), but

35、it also marks the woman who checks it on her form as either liberated or rebellious, depending on the attitudes and assumptions of the one making the judgment. 如果她選擇“女士”（Ms.）這一稱謂，那么說明她拒絕透露自己的婚姻狀況（而男士選“先生”這個稱謂時則沒有故意隱瞞任何事情，因為本來就沒有要求他透露婚姻信息）。另外，在表格中勾選“女士”這一稱謂的人會被標(biāo)記為思想解放的人或叛逆者，這就要看評判她的人持什么樣的態(tài)度和看法了。 15.

36、I sometimes try to duck these variously marked choices by giving my title as “Dr.” and thereby risk marking myself as either uppity (hence sarcastic responses like “Excuse me!”) or an over-achiever (hence reactions of congratulatory surprise, like “Good for you!”). (第二段是一個長句，翻譯時應(yīng)注意按照中文的習(xí)慣斷句。) 我有時會選擇

37、“博士”頭銜，以避開這幾種帶標(biāo)記的稱謂選項。但這么做又會給自己帶來風(fēng)險，標(biāo)明自己要么驕傲自大（于是乎招來譏諷的反應(yīng)，比如“對不起，我不知道你是博士！”），要么是一個成功欲過強的人（那么對方的反應(yīng)就是祝賀式的驚奇，比如“你真行！”）。16. 我們對理想丈夫或理想妻子的假設(shè)顯示出我們的性別期待以及我們對性別期待的反應(yīng)。如果大多數(shù)年輕姑娘希望她們的未婚夫強悍、能干、可靠，那么小伙子們也就別無選擇，只能把自己訓(xùn)練得強悍、能干、可靠，這樣才能贏得女孩子的芳心。如果他們的做法與性別期待背道而馳，那么他們很可能會在悲嘆自己的光棍生涯中度過下半輩子。根據(jù)同樣的不成文法則，如果多數(shù)年輕男子希望他們的未婚妻溫柔體

38、貼、耐心、忠貞，認為這些比什么都重要，那么姑娘即便不是這種人，也會假裝自己將來會成為賢妻良母。 (presumption; option; other than; bemoan; unwritten rule; to be prone to; let on)Our presumptions about what ideal husbands or wives are like reveal a lot about our gender expectations as well as our responses to them. If most girls want their fianc

39、33;s to be tough, capable and reliable, there is no option left for young men other than to be trained as tough, capable and reliable if they want to win girls heart. If they act to the contrary, they will most probably bemoan their bachelors status for the rest of their lives. Following the same un

40、written rule, if most boys expect their fiancées to be caring, patient and faithful more than anything else, girls are prone to let on that they will become faithful wives and loving mothers even if they are not the type.17. 深入研究一下這種性別期待，我們就會發(fā)現(xiàn)這是受生理和社會因素制約的。無疑，女性為孕育嬰兒做好了生理準備，而男人則完全不適合這項工作。男人只有努

41、力掙錢養(yǎng)家，才能讓一家人過上好日子。(goes without saying)Looking into such gender expectations, we may find that they are based on both physiological and social factors. It goes without saying that women are physically prepared to bear children, whereas men are utterly unfit for the job. Therefore, a family is better

42、 off when its male members devote their time to providing food and other necessities for it.18. 學(xué)生的反應(yīng)讓校長感到震驚，為彌補過失，他宣布學(xué)校將重新考慮這項規(guī)定。他對學(xué)生說，他們完全有權(quán)力過上方便、舒適的生活，但校園的安全也同樣重要。他還提議在校園里建一個大超市，在宿舍樓附近開一些便利店 (convenience store)，這樣就能大大方便學(xué)生們的生活。 (make amends; be entitled to)Shocked by students reaction, the preside

43、nt tried to make amends for this mistake by announcing that the university will look into this new regulation again. He told students that they were entitled to live a convenient and comfortable life, but safety was just as much an important concern as that. He proposed to build a big supermarket wi

44、thin the campus and some convenience stores near dormitory buildings, which would certainly make students life much easier.19. In so many ways, we now share our home and our homes with so many others. From Australia to Zambia, we wear baseball caps and watch Hollywood movies. Markets in Morocco sell

45、 radios made in Singapore, and we all watch television and enjoy the same type of programmes. Are people obliged to do this, or do they simply want to?我們在許多方面和許多人共享我們各自的家園以及我們大家的家園。從澳大利亞到贊比亞，人們都戴棒球帽，看好萊塢電影。在摩洛哥的市場上可以買到新加坡生產(chǎn)的收音機。我們都看電視，并且都喜歡看同一類節(jié)目。人們是必須這樣做，還是就喜歡這樣做呢？20. Yet at heart, while we have le

46、arnt or have been taught? to like and aspire towards the same things, we recognize a streak of individualism in ourselves, a consciousness of difference, of our own uniqueness. And when life on Earth gets overwhelming, people retreat into themselves, into their homes. 雖然我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會了（或被教會了？）喜歡或追求同樣的東西，但在內(nèi)

47、心深處，我們都意識到我們都有一種個人主義的特質(zhì)，意識到自己與眾不同，意識到自己的獨特。當(dāng)世上的生活變得令人無法承受的時候，人們就隱退到自己的內(nèi)心世界里，隱退到各自的家中。 21. The word home is an emotive one. Its a deliberate choice to call the organization to protect the US from terrorism the Department of Homeland Security. Home doesnt mean just bricks and mortar, translated into h

48、ouse or housing in so many languages. Home is where we hunker down, take off our shoes and switch off from the outside world. Its an inward-looking place, where we should feel safe. Our homes also show our individual sides, through the pictures on the wall, the favourite chair, the souvenirs from visits beyond our homes, our expression of choice, which remain unchanging day to day, symbols of a moments pause in an ever-changing world.“家”這個詞充滿了強烈的感情色彩。保護美國人不受恐怖襲擊的那個部門名叫the