江西研究生英語第一冊(cè)翻譯

1、第一單元：腹部的累贅 New research points to waistline size as a better predictor of healthBy Amanda Spake新的研究指出，腰圍尺寸是更好的健康預(yù)報(bào)因素。 1、Does your belt need a new hole-or three? Has that "spare tire" made it hard to tie your shoes? And what's happened to clothing sizes? Why has everything become j

2、ust too darn tight around the waist? If you find yourself asking these questions while you lie down on the bed, hold your breath, and try to get that zipper all the way up, join the club. Americans' collective waistline is expanding-a lot. And medical researchers are beginning to understand the

3、complex physiology behind a simple truth women have believed for centuries: the smaller the waist, the better the life.你的腰帶需要多扎1個(gè)或三個(gè)新孔嗎？那個(gè)“肉肚”已使你系鞋帶都困難了嗎？衣服尺碼又發(fā)生了什么變化？為什么腰部周圍的一切都變得緊得要命？當(dāng)你躺床在上屏住呼吸努力把拉鏈向上拉到盡頭時(shí)，要是你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在問這些問題，那咱們就都一樣了。美國(guó)人的腰圍正普遍在變粗粗了很多。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，婦女們始終相信一條樸實(shí)的真理：腰越細(xì)，生活就越好醫(yī)學(xué)研究者們?nèi)缃裾_始了解這一簡(jiǎn)單真理背后

4、的復(fù)雜的生理機(jī)能。  2、Over the past 10 years, a raft of new studies have shown that predicting a person's long-term health may be as simple as taking a waist measurement. Fat around the waist has been linked to a greater risk of heart disease, diabetes, stroke, hypertension, breathing problems, disa

5、bility, some cancers, and higher mortality rates. The medical community once believed that it was weight itself or the body mass index that led to serious illness and earlier death, not where fat is located on the body. But recent research on the wonders of the fat cell has shown that not all fat is

6、 alike. Fat around the middle is largely visceral fat, a type of deep fat that packs itself around internal organs and secretes powerful body chemicals. It's this type of fat that sets off reactions in the body that lead to changes in arteries, organs, and cells that result in heart disease, dia

7、betes, and probably some cancers. The more abdominal fat, the greater the risk of developing these conditions earlier. "It's becoming clearer and clearer that body fat distribution is a critically important variable," says JoAnn Manson, chief of preventive medicine at Harvard Universit

8、y's Brigham and Women's Hospital. "And abdominal obesity is the key culprit." 在過去的十年期間，一系列新的研究已表明，預(yù)言一個(gè)人的長(zhǎng)期健康也許就同進(jìn)行一次腰圍測(cè)量一樣簡(jiǎn)單。腰圍周圍贅滿的脂肪已經(jīng)與具有更大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的心臟病、糖尿病、中風(fēng)、高血壓、呼吸系統(tǒng)、疾病、殘疾、某些癌癥以及更高的死亡率聯(lián)系在一起。醫(yī)學(xué)界曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為，引起嚴(yán)重疾病和早逝的是身體本身或體重指數(shù)。而不是脂肪位于身體什么部位。然而，最近對(duì)脂肪細(xì)胞奇妙之處的研究已經(jīng)表明，并非所有脂肪都是相同的。身體中周圍的脂肪大多是內(nèi)臟脂肪，這

9、是一種包在體內(nèi)各個(gè)器官周圍并分泌濃烈的體內(nèi)化學(xué)物質(zhì)的深層脂肪類型。就是這類脂肪會(huì)引起體內(nèi)各種反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈、器官、和細(xì)胞的變化，從而引發(fā)心臟病、糖尿病，還可能引發(fā)某些癌癥。腹部脂肪越多，提前患這些病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越大。哈佛大學(xué)布里厄姆婦女醫(yī)院預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人約安曼森說：“體內(nèi)脂肪分布是一個(gè)極為重要的變量，這一點(diǎn)變得越來越清晰了。因而腹部肥胖癥是關(guān)鍵性的致病原因”。 3、 Ideal look.To some extent, folk wisdom and popular culture have reflected this for centuries. A willowy waistli

10、ne was an ideal for both men and women in colonial and frontier America and easier to attain when food was scarce and a great deal of physical activity was required to hunt, gather, and cook it. The Victorian period ushered in the era of the "hourglass figure," which remained the ideal fem

11、ale form for more than 120 years, until it was supplanted by the "Twiggy" look of the 1960s. Boys, of course, want thin waists, too. Many a late-night infomercial sells the dream of "six-pack abs"(六塊腹肌) or a "washboard stomach" to men.理想的外表。從某種程度上講，人們的智慧和流行的文化反映這一傾向已經(jīng)有幾

12、個(gè)世紀(jì)了。在美洲殖民地時(shí)代和邊疆開拓時(shí)期，男人和女人的理想都是柳樹般的細(xì)腰，當(dāng)時(shí)食物供不應(yīng)求，狩獵、采集和烹飪食物又需要大量的體力勞動(dòng)，所以這種理想是比較容易達(dá)到的。維多利亞時(shí)代開創(chuàng)了“細(xì)腰體型”的時(shí)代，這種理想女性體形的觀念已經(jīng)延續(xù)了120多年，直到20世紀(jì)60年代才被“苗條的”體形所取代。當(dāng)然，男孩子也想有細(xì)腰。許多深夜的電視商業(yè)廣告片向男人們推銷他們夢(mèng)寐以求的“6塊腹肌”或“搓板肚”。 4、One thing is certain: The average American waistline is expanding. In fact, it has never been bigger

13、. Federal health surveys show that over the past four decades, the mean waist size for men has grown from 35 inches to 39 inches; for women, from 30 inches to 37 inches. The National Institutes of Health recommends that men with waists measuring 37 inches or greater and women with waists larger than

14、 31.5 inches modify their lifestyles to reduce their waists and resulting health risks. Nearly 39 percent of men and 60 percent of women are carrying too much belly fat.有一件事是肯定的：美國(guó)人的平均腰圍正在變粗。事實(shí)上，他們的平均腰圍從來沒有比現(xiàn)在更粗。聯(lián)邦衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)的調(diào)查表明，在過去40年中，男性腰圍的平均尺寸已從35英寸增加到了39英寸；女性的則從30英寸增加到了37英寸。（美國(guó)）國(guó)家衛(wèi)生研究院建議，所測(cè)腰圍為37英寸或以上

15、的男性和腰圍大于31.5英寸的女性都要改變他們的生活方式以縮減他們的腰圍，從而降低對(duì)健康產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。將近39%的男性和60%的女性正承載著太多的腹部脂肪。 5、 Perhaps one reason waists have grown so thick is that the majority of Americans do not realize that abdominal fat can be so hazardous. According to the Shape of the Nations report released by the World Heart Federa

16、tion in September, 6 in 10 Americans did not rank abdominal fat as a leading risk factor for heart disease. And while a majority of doctors did know of the link between belly fat, heart disease, and diabetes, physicians measure waist circumferences of only 17 percent of their patients. 腰部已增長(zhǎng)到這么

17、粗的一個(gè)理由也許是因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)美國(guó)人并未認(rèn)識(shí)到腹部脂肪能有這么大的危害。據(jù)世界心臟聯(lián)合會(huì)公布的“若干國(guó)家的體形現(xiàn)狀報(bào)告”所說，10個(gè)美國(guó)人中就有6個(gè)尚未把腹部脂肪列為心臟病的首要危險(xiǎn)治病因素。盡管大多數(shù)醫(yī)生確實(shí)已知腹部脂肪、心臟病、糖尿病三者之間的聯(lián)系，內(nèi)科醫(yī)生們卻只給他們17%的病人測(cè)量腰圍。  6、Yet, a study published in the British medical journal Lancet this month showed that among some 27,000 people in 52 countries, waist size as a ra

18、tio of hip circumference (the so-called waist-to-hip ratio) more accurately predicted which men and women would have heart attacks than did any other body measure, including weight and body mass index. "I don't think there is anything magic about this ratio, except that it's a window to

19、 the balance between muscle and fat," says Salim Yusuf, professor of medicine at Canada's McMaster University and lead author of the study. "Around the waist there is no large muscle." In other words, it's all excess fat.然而，英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志柳葉刀發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告表明，在52個(gè)國(guó)家的約2.7萬人中間，腰部尺寸與臀圍的比率（所謂的腰臀

20、比）會(huì)比任何其他身體測(cè)量（包括體重和體重指數(shù)）更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)報(bào)哪些男性和女性會(huì)得心肌梗塞。加拿大麥克馬斯特大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)教授和這項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告的首席作者薩利姆·尤瑟夫說：“我認(rèn)為腰臀比除了是肌肉和脂肪的比例是否平衡的一個(gè)信息窗口外，沒有任何神秘之處。腰部周圍沒有大肌肉?！睋Q句話說，那里全是多余的脂肪。 7、High price.Little wonder, then, that a simple waist measurement, even in children, can accurately forecast who is likely to develop metabolic syndr

21、ome, a condition defined not only by waist size but also by having two or more additional health problems: high blood pressure, unhealthy cholesterol, high triglycerides (甘油三脂), or insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome significantly increases the risk of heart disease and leads to an early onset of

22、 type 2 diabetes.高代價(jià)。因此，一點(diǎn)兒也不奇怪，簡(jiǎn)單的腰部測(cè)量（即使在兒童方面）也能準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)告誰可能得代謝綜合征。這種病不僅受腰圍尺寸大小的影響，也為兩種或更多種另外的有礙健康的因素：如高血壓、有害健康的膽固醇、高甘油三酸酯或胰島素阻抗等所影響。代謝綜合征會(huì)顯著加大得心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并導(dǎo)致2型糖尿病的提早發(fā)生。 8、 Bigger waists also mean higher medical costs. Patients with 41-inch waists pay about $2,600 more per year in annual medical expen

23、ses than do those with 32-inch waists, according to a 2002 study in the journal Obesity Research. Larger waists can lead to more low-back pain, greater breathing difficulties, and persistent cough, compared with people with less abdominal fat. Waist size can even forecast who will have trouble bathi

24、ng, dressing, and walking in old age. "Waist circumference is far more important than simply measuring how much someone weighs," says Lewis Kuller, an epidemiology professor at the University of Pittsburgh who has studied abdominal obesity and heart disease for decades.較粗的腰也意味著較高的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。據(jù)肥胖癥

25、研究雜志上2002年的一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告稱，腰圍41英寸的病人比32英寸的病人在年度醫(yī)療費(fèi)方面每年都要多支出約2600美元。與腹部脂肪少的人相比，較粗的腰可導(dǎo)致下背疼痛、較嚴(yán)重的呼吸困難和持久性咳嗽。腰的尺碼甚至可以預(yù)告誰將會(huì)在老年時(shí)產(chǎn)生洗澡、穿衣和行走的煩惱。匹茲堡大學(xué)的流行病學(xué)教授劉易斯·庫(kù)勒說：“腰圍遠(yuǎn)比簡(jiǎn)單地測(cè)量某人有多少體重更加重要。”這位教授研究腹部肥胖癥和心臟病已有數(shù)十年之久了。 9、Contrary to the notion that belly fat is a soft, inert tissue that nonchalantly sits on the waist

26、, abdominal fat cells are actually little endocrine factories, producing hormones that send messages to many organs. "This central fat is the most metabolically active," says Manson. Belly fat appears to drain directly into the liver, she says, and as the fat breaks down, it releases subst

27、ances that increase the body's resistance to insulin. "It seems to me that what has emerged is a sense that abdominal obesity promotes insulin resistance, which raises insulin levels, which increases appetite, which increases triglycerides, which causes the good HDL to go down, and increase

28、s sodium absorption, then blood volume expands, and blood pressure goes up," says William Kannel, a professor at Boston University Medical School and a former director of the Framingham Heart Study. Ultimately, this cascade of events leads to glucose intolerance, diabetes, hypertension, and acc

29、elerated development of coronary heart disease.與腹部脂肪是位于腰部無所事事的惰性軟組織這一觀念相反，腹部脂肪實(shí)際上是一些小的內(nèi)分泌工廠，會(huì)制造一些把信息傳送給許多器官的激素。曼森說：“這種位于中央的脂肪在代謝方面是最活躍的?！彼€說，腹部脂肪看來直接排入肝臟，而脂肪分解時(shí)所釋放的物質(zhì)可增加身體對(duì)胰島素的耐受性。波士頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院教授和弗萊明漢姆心臟研究項(xiàng)目的前領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人威廉·坎奈爾說：“在我看來，已出現(xiàn)的一種觀念是，腹部肥胖癥會(huì)提升對(duì)胰島素的耐受性，以致胰島素水平升高，食欲增加，從而導(dǎo)致甘油三酸酯增多，使良性的高密度脂蛋白下降和提高對(duì)鈉的吸收

30、，于是血容積擴(kuò)張，血壓升高?！弊罱K，這一連串情況的發(fā)生會(huì)導(dǎo)致葡萄糖耐受不良、糖尿病、高血壓，以及加速發(fā)展的冠心病。 10、 The connection between fat distribution and sex hormones is only now being explored. The apple shape "tends to be associated with higher male hormone levels in women, and this may be one of the reasons that men and women tend to

31、 have a different body fat distribution," says Manson. Men, who naturally have more male hormones than women, also accumulate fat around their waists more frequently than women. Though the role hormones play in fat distribution is not yet clear, the way many women lose their waist at menopause

32、may be due to changes in the relative levels of androgen to estrogen. Clinical trials of hormone replacement therapy, however, did not show that postmenopausal women who took the drugs had a substantial waist-size reduction, says Manson. 只有到了今天，人們才開始探索脂肪分布和性激素之間的聯(lián)系。曼森說：蘋果體形“往往與女性具有較高的雄性激素水平有關(guān)，而

33、這可能是男性和女性傾向于有不同的體內(nèi)脂肪分布的理由之一?！蹦行蕴烊坏乇扰杂懈嗟男坌约に?，也比女性更經(jīng)常地把脂肪積存在他們的腰部。雖然激素在脂肪分布中所起的作用尚未弄清，但是許多女性在絕經(jīng)期腰部發(fā)胖可能就是由于雄性激素和雌性激素相對(duì)水平的改變。然而，曼森說，激素替補(bǔ)療法的臨床試驗(yàn)并沒有表明絕經(jīng)后的女性服藥后腰部尺碼會(huì)有明顯減小。 11、 Apple vs.pear.Conversely, the pear shape or the hourglass figure may be linked to higher estrogen levels and greater fertili

34、ty. One study of Polish women indicated that those with large breasts, small waists, and wide hips had higher levels of estrogen than those who were more apple shaped. "It's possible that it's a fat distribution pattern hourglass associated with the higher likelihood of reproductive suc

35、cess, and it was something that was selected for" during women's evolution, says Manson. 蘋果體形與梨狀體形相比。相對(duì)而言，梨形或細(xì)腰形的身材可能與較高的雌性激素水平和較高的生育力有關(guān)聯(lián)。對(duì)波蘭婦女的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，胸大、腰細(xì)、臀寬的女性的雌激素水平比更具蘋果體形的女性要高，曼森說：“可能那就是和生育成功的可能性較高有關(guān)的一種脂肪分布模式（細(xì)腰形），而且這種模式是在女性進(jìn)化期間就被擇選下來的?！?#160;12、 Some recent studies also indicate

36、that hip and thigh fat-common to pear-shaped people-may actually offer some unique safeguard against cardiovascular disease. "Hip fat is definitely protective," says Marie Savard, a Philadelphia internist who is researching the health effects of body shape. She points to a 2004 Danish stud

37、y of nearly 3,000 men and women that showed that a larger hip circumference reduced cardiovascular disease and death among women but had no positive effect for men. Similarly, research on 3,000 older adults reported in the Archives of Internal Medicine earlier this year confirmed not only that abdom

38、inal fat leads to metabolic syndrome but also that leg and thigh fat-among both women and men-was associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome and less heart disease.最近的一些研究也顯示，臀部和大腿的脂肪梨狀體形的人們所共有確實(shí)可以為預(yù)防心血管病提供某些獨(dú)特的保護(hù)。正在研究體形健康效應(yīng)的費(fèi)城內(nèi)科醫(yī)生師瑪麗·薩瓦德說：“臀部脂肪肯定會(huì)起保護(hù)作用?！彼赋觯?004年丹麥對(duì)將近3000名男性和女性進(jìn)行

39、的一項(xiàng)研究表明，較大的臀圍減少了婦女中的心血管病和死亡，但是對(duì)男人們卻無積極效應(yīng)。與此相似，內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)檔案中的一篇報(bào)道稱，對(duì)3000名年紀(jì)較大的成年人的研究證實(shí)了，不僅腹部脂肪會(huì)導(dǎo)致代謝綜合征，而且小腿和大腿的脂肪不分男女與代謝綜合征較少流行和較少的心臟病有關(guān)。13、 But not all researchers agree that hip fat is beneficial, and if it is, no one yet knows why. One theory is that hip and thigh fat may act as a metabolic reservoir, s

40、toring harmful blood fats that would otherwise circulate throughout the body. Or it could be that fat on the hips, thighs, and legs may just indicate that a person is genetically pear shaped and less inclined to gain the spare tire that plagues the more apple shaped. Still, more lower-body fat gener

41、ally means more fat-period-which clearly leads to higher risk of heart disease and diabetes.但是，并非所有研究人員都同意臀部脂肪是有益的，而且即使有益，仍然無人知曉其原因。有一種理論是，臀部和大腿脂肪可能起代謝庫(kù)的作用貯存有害的血液脂肪，否則這種脂肪就會(huì)循環(huán)到全身?；蛘呖赡苁牵尾?、大腿和小腿的脂肪也許恰好表明一個(gè)人具有遺傳的梨狀體形，而且往往很少會(huì)擁有像讓更多蘋果體形的人們苦惱的那種肉肚。然而，身體較低部位的脂肪越多一般意味著明顯導(dǎo)致心臟病和糖尿病更高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的脂肪就越多。 14、 It wil

42、l be decades before medicine unravels the metabolic puzzle that is fat. In the meantime, doctors say the important action to take is to stop waist expansion. "We all need to slow down this process of becoming more applelike," says Savard. "Body shape really does matter." 醫(yī)學(xué)解

43、開代謝之謎是脂肪的難題尚需數(shù)十年。醫(yī)生們說，在此期間采取的主要行動(dòng)是制止腰部變粗。薩瓦德說：“我們每個(gè)人都需要放慢讓自己體形變得更像蘋果的過程。體形實(shí)在不容忽視?！钡诙卧簥W巴馬表明需與過去徹底決裂 Just by raising his hand and taking the oath of office, President Obama made history yesterday. But from his inaugural address to the throngs who crowded the streets of Washington to the diversi

44、ty of the faces in his White House reviewing stand, he signaled that his presidency probably will bring even more widespread changes to a nation confronted by problems of historic significance.1.  僅僅是舉手進(jìn)行就職宣誓，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在昨天就創(chuàng)造了歷史。但無論是從他對(duì)華盛頓街頭聚集的眾人發(fā)表的就職演說，還是白宮觀禮臺(tái)上形色不同的面孔，他都表明他的總統(tǒng)任期可能會(huì)給這個(gè)面臨歷史性重大困難的國(guó)家?guī)?/p>

45、更廣泛的變革。Rarely has a president come into office with the public in such a seemingly conflicted mood. Battered by the worst recession since the Great Depression, Americans are deeply pessimistic about the nation's future and their own well-being. The war in Iraq has taxed public patience. The war

46、in Afghanistan and conflict in the Middle East challenge the shrewdest of leaders. 2.  過去很少有哪位美國(guó)總統(tǒng)在這樣一種看來矛盾的心態(tài)下就職。在“大蕭條”以來最嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的打擊下，美國(guó)人對(duì)國(guó)家的前途和自身的安康都深感悲觀。伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)耗盡了公眾的耐心，阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和中東沖突考驗(yàn)著最精明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。Obama's somber address - and his exhortation to the country to pull together - fit the times in

47、 which they were delivered. "Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real," the president said. "They are serious, and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America: They will be met."3.  奧巴馬沉郁的演說以及他對(duì)全國(guó)人民團(tuán)結(jié)起來的敦促是與演說的

48、時(shí)間背景相契合的?！敖裉煳腋嬖V你們，我們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是真實(shí)存在的，”總統(tǒng)講道?！疤魬?zhàn)很多，也很嚴(yán)峻，難以在短期內(nèi)輕松化解。但是美利堅(jiān)，請(qǐng)記住這句話：挑戰(zhàn)是會(huì)被征服的?！?#160;Yet at a time of doubt and despair, and on a day when the stock market plummeted again, Obama's inauguration showed another side to the nation's current mood - hopefulness and a sense of confidence that

49、has been invested in a young and relatively untested new president.4.  但在一個(gè)充滿疑惑和絕望的時(shí)期，在股市再度暴跌的一天，奧巴馬的就職典禮展示了這個(gè)民族當(dāng)下心態(tài)的另一面，即對(duì)這位相對(duì)而言未經(jīng)考驗(yàn)的、年輕的新總統(tǒng)所寄予的希望和自信。 It was to both uncertainty and optimism that Obama directed his words from the Capitol's West Front, addressing a sea of faces along t

50、he Mall and street corners, churches and living rooms throughout the country. He said, "On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord."5.  奧巴馬在國(guó)會(huì)大廈西側(cè)的露天平臺(tái)上發(fā)表的講話既針對(duì)迷惘心態(tài)，也針對(duì)樂觀心態(tài)。他面對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)大廈前的草地上、街角邊和教堂里的張張面孔以及全國(guó)各地千家萬戶發(fā)表演說。他說：“今天我們匯聚

51、于此，因?yàn)槲覀冞x擇了希望，而非恐懼，選擇了萬眾一心，而非沖突與爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。” History infused every aspect of the day, which saw the first African American president take office, as well as a generational shift - away from the baby boomers who have led the nation for the past two decades, to a leader not part of the tumult of the 1960s

52、 - and the return of Democratic control of Congress and the White House.6.  這一天處處書寫了歷史，見證了第一位非洲裔美國(guó)總統(tǒng)就職，以及一代人的更迭從20 年來引領(lǐng)著美國(guó)的嬰兒潮一代，到與20 世紀(jì)60 年代動(dòng)蕩無關(guān)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，還見證了民主黨人重掌國(guó)會(huì)和白宮。 Most clearly, yesterday's activities confirmed that Obama's presidency will mark a sharp break from

53、that of George W. Bush. The new president did not hesitate to highlight their differences. Obama spoke of a change of course in the Iraq war and of the "false choice between our safety and our ideals." Those last words were aimed at the previous administration's positions on civil libe

54、rties and harsh interrogation techniques. Most striking, given Bush's unpopularity abroad, was Obama's declaration to a world watching intently and eagerly that "we are ready to lead again."7.  再顯然不過，昨天的一系列活動(dòng)表明，奧巴馬的總統(tǒng)任期標(biāo)志著與喬治·W.布什任期的分道揚(yáng)鑣。新總統(tǒng)并不諱言他們之間的分歧。奧巴馬談及伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)要轉(zhuǎn)變方向，以及“

55、在我們的安全和理想之間作出的錯(cuò)誤的選擇?！弊詈髱拙湓拕t針對(duì)上屆政府在公民自由和嚴(yán)酷的刑訊手段方面的立場(chǎng)。鑒于布什在國(guó)外不受歡迎，最為突出的一點(diǎn)是，奧巴馬對(duì)正熱切專注著的世界宣布，“我們?yōu)橹匦骂I(lǐng)導(dǎo)世界做好了準(zhǔn)備?！?#160;Still, perhaps mindful that during his campaign he faced doubts about his readiness to lead in a time of war, Obama was careful to balance his pledge to use diplomacy and cooperation in de

56、aling with the rest of the world with steely words of resolve. To those out to harm the country, he said: "Our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken. You cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you."8.  也許奧巴馬還記得在競(jìng)選中他所面臨的對(duì)其是否具備戰(zhàn)時(shí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的質(zhì)疑，于是他刻意尋求平衡既誓言和世界其他國(guó)家打交道時(shí)使用外交手段與合作，也放出了幾句堅(jiān)定的狠話。針對(duì)那些執(zhí)

57、意要傷害美國(guó)的人，他說：“我們的意志更加堅(jiān)定且堅(jiān)不可摧。你們的日子不會(huì)比我們更長(zhǎng)久，我們會(huì)戰(zhàn)勝你們?！?#160;The confluence of events and Obama's politics suggest that his presidency could bring a more momentous shift - from an era of conservative governance to one in which Washington assumes a more central role in the life of the country.9. 

58、0;種種事件和奧巴馬的政治主張顯示，其總統(tǒng)任期將帶來更為重大的轉(zhuǎn)變從保守治國(guó)時(shí)代過渡到華盛頓在美國(guó)的日常生活中具有更主導(dǎo)作用的時(shí)代。 Twenty-eight years ago, Ronald Reagan famously used his first inaugural address to declare that "government is not the solution to our problem." Yesterday, Obama said, "The question we ask today is not whether our

59、 government is too big or too small, but whether it works."10.  28年前，羅納德·里根曾以其在首次總統(tǒng)就職演說中宣布“政府不是解決問題的靈藥”而聞名。昨天，奧巴馬說：“我們今天提出的問題并非我們的政府是太大還是太小，而是它是否行之有效?！?#160;The relationship between government and the economy changed before Obama came to office, because of the economic crisis. Obama s

60、uggested that he will probably accelerate those changes. He said the issue is not whether free markets are a force for good or ill, but whether they work to the benefit of all Americans without a more watchful eye from government. In asking the question, he provided the answer that will guide his po

61、licymakers.11.  由于經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，政府和經(jīng)濟(jì)之間的關(guān)系在奧巴馬就職之前就發(fā)生了變化。奧巴馬暗示他可能會(huì)加速這些變化。他說，問題不在于自由市場(chǎng)是一種向善或?yàn)閻旱牧α?，而在于它們?cè)跊]有更強(qiáng)有力的政府監(jiān)管的情況下能否為全體美國(guó)人謀利益。在問這個(gè)問題的同時(shí)，他提供的答案也將成為政策制定者的指導(dǎo)方針。It is far too early to know to what degree Obama's presidency will result in a rollback of the conservative era or the beginning of a new progressive era. But his aspirations are among the larg